• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.705-715
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• 2003

Procedures for treatment of molar furcation invasion defects range from open flap debridement, apically repositioned flap surgery, hemisection, tunneling or extraction, to regenerative therapies using bone grafting or guided tissue regenerative therapy, or a combination of both. Several clinical evaluations using regenerative techniques have reported the potential for osseous repair of treated furcation invasions. Regenerative treatment of maxillary molars are more difficult due to the multiple root anatomy and multiple furcation entrances therefore, purpose of this study was to evaluated histologically compomer and Ketac Silver as a barrier in the treatment of a bi-furcated maxillary premolar. Five adult beagle dogs were used in this experiment. With intrasulcular and crestal incision, mucoperiostcal flap was elevated. Following decortication with 1/2 high speed round bur, furcation defect was made on maxillary premolar. 2 month later one premolar was filled with compomer and the other premolar was filled with Ketac Silver. After 4, 8 weeks, the animals were sacrificed by vascular perfusion. Tissue block was excised including the tooth and prepared for light microscope with H-E staining. Results were as follows. 1. Compomer & Ketac Silver restoration were encapsulated fine connective tissue. 2. In 4 weeks, compomer & Ketac Silver restoration slightly infiltrated inflammatory cells but not disturb the new bone or new cementum formation. 3. In 8 weeks, compomer & Ketac Silver restoration were less infiltrated iflammatory cell and encapsulated fine connective tissue. 4. Therefore, compomer & Ketac Silver filling to the grade III maxillary furcations with multiple root anatomy and multiple furcation entrances is possible clinical method and this technique is useful method for maxillary furcation involvement but it is thought that periodic maintenance should be needed

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.41-52
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• 2013

Anyang Stream Restoration Movement was started from 2001 for the construction of ecological city. The facilities for reuse of treated sewerage have been used since 2003 for improvement of water quality, maintenance of water quantity, river ecological restoration, and hydrophilic space. Thus, the Anyang city has been gradually transformed to eco-friendly city after the construction of Anyang stream and Hakui stream as natural rivers. In this study, biological and chemical methods as well as ecological indicators for Anyang mainstream and major tributaries were monitored for four years in between 2008 and 2012. The water quality and the diversity of species in most of the streams were found to be good except Anyang main stream. It appears that the influence of seasonal drying stream is almost disappeared except Sammak stream. Thus, the values for BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) and BIP (Biological Index of Pollution) for Anyang main stream were found to be 5.27~3.42mg/l and 4.51~5.50, respectively. This is considered to be caused by the reused water quality of treated wastewater being exceeded the design criteria or by the non-point source of contaminants around the stream. However, entire section of tributaries shows I, II grade as a good water quality.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.25
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• pp.142-148
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to provide a practical guide for the actual conditions and the preference of student housing in a regional university. The data are collected through questionnaire surveys from the students of a regional university. 265 samples are collected, and are analyzed by using SPSS-PC. The results are as follows: 1) The actual conditions of student housing Most residents of student housing(76.3%) come from the Capital region. Most of student housing are located at 30 minute distance from the school. Most of house style are Offistel as one room style. Most of housing size are within 10 minute distance from the school. Most of house style are Offistel as one room style. Most of housing size are within 10py, and two people reside in one unit. The average hours of staying at the student housing are over 10 hours. The most inconvenient factor is the lack of soundproofing in the current student housing. 2) The preference of student housing The most preferred location is in the walking distance from the school, and the apartment is the most preferred housing style. The most preferred installation of inside is internet connection. When choosing student housing, students prefer the distance from the school as the most important factor. Most female students reside with a roommate within 10 py of housing size, cook for themselves, and consider rent and maintenance fee as the decision factors in choosing housing. The most preferred style of house is apartment, and they prefer to install basic furniture and kitchen system inside of housing. As students go up to higher grade, they prefer the apartment, and prefer to cook for themselves. More fresh men reside with a roommate compared to other grades. They prefer Offistel with meals service at a walking distance from the school.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.235-248
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this review was to investigate whether evidence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) was reflected in clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for insomnia based on relevant clinical trials. Methods: We conducted a systematic search on domestic and international CPG databases and medical databases. In addition, we conducted manual searches of relevant articles. Three authors independently searched and selected relevant studies; any disagreement was resolved by discussion. We extracted and analyzed the following data: published language, country, development group, participants, interventions, presence or absence of recommendations for CAM, level of evidence, grade of recommendation for CAM, and methods of development. Results: We identified 8,241 records from domestic and international databases, and 22 CPGs were included. Eleven of the 22 CPGs mentioned CAM interventions including herbal medicine, relaxation, acupuncture moxibustion, Tai Chi, meditation, hypnosis, biofeedback, Tuina, and external herbal medicine. However, most of the CPGs indicated 'no recommendation' or 'weak recommendation' for CAM interventions. Only Valeriana dageletiana Nakai and relaxation were considered to have experimental evidence. Valeriana dageletiana Nakai was recommended for improvement of sleep latency, sleep maintenance, total sleeping time, and sleep cycle. Relaxation was recommended as effective intervention for relieving physical and psychological arousal. Conclusions: Despite systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials on CAM for insomnia, most of the CPGs for insomnia did not reflect the evidence obtained. Further CPGs for insomnia should be developed by considering the current advanced studies in the field of CAM.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.42-50
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentration and distribution characteristics of $PM_{10}$ at high schools classrooms in Ulsan and its surroundings. This study evaluated $PM_{10}$ levels in classrooms at 79 high schools in Ulsan from May 2008 to May 2009. The average $PM_{10}$ level was 63.8 ${\mu}g/m^3$, and the rate of exceeding the statutory maintenance limit was 16.0%. The average $PM_{10}$ level was higher in general schools (64.9 ${\mu}g/m^3$) compared to professional schools (59.2 ${\mu}g/m^3$), and private schools (66.6 ${\mu}g/m^3$) was higher than that of public schools (62.5 ${\mu}g/m^3$). The average $PM_{10}$ level (68.4 ${\mu}g/m^3$) in general classrooms was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than that in multi-purpose ones (54.6 ${\mu}g/m^3$), and first-year student classrooms (73.3 ${\mu}g/m^3$) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that in second or third grade ones (67.6 ${\mu}g/m^3$, 51.5 ${\mu}g/m^3$, respectively). The $PM_{10}$ level in schools in Dong-Gu in the vicinity of assorted industrial complexes was higher than that of schools located in other districts around the Ulsan Metropolitan Area. The regression model showed that $PM_{10}$ level was positively associated with number of students and relative humidity.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.348-355
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• 2005

Purpose: In order to provide basic information for the development of nursing programs, health promoting behavior of students rewriting college entrance examinations was examined and factors related to health promotion were identified. Method: Data were collected by questionnaire from 804 examines in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province and were analyzed using the SAS program with t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test and Pearson correlation coefficients. Result: The mean score for health promoting behavior was 2.50. The highest score for the sub-areas was harmonious relationships and the lowest was, professional health maintenance. There were significant differences in health promoting behavior according to the following general characteristics; religion, frequency of rewriting college entrance examination, economic burden, parents' education level, grade, satisfaction with parents, friends and rewriting of college entrance examinations, parents' health concernsand knowledge of health, need for health education, and health condition and chronic disease over the past year. Correlations between health promoting behavior and family support and self-esteem were positive. The variables that influenced health promoting behavior were family support ($24.5\%$), self-esteem ($11.3\%$), anxiety ($2.6\%$), and stress of studying ($0.5\%$), explaining $38.9\%$ of the total variance. Conclusion: These results will help to develop a nursing program that enhances health promoting behavior of students rewriting college entrance examinations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.61-69
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• 2012

It is important for highway maintenance and safety assessment to get the accurate highway geometric information. However, it is difficult to acquire good highway geometric information due to missing blueprints or deteriorated highway sections. This research, to get highway geometric information rapidly, has developed a highway geometric analysis algorithm that uses data from vehicles with GPS-IMU integrated system. In conclusion, the result shows that 3.38% of error-ratio for the horizontal alignment and 0.083 absolute value difference for vertical grade comparing with highway drawings. Therefore, the result suggest that the developed method can be applied to the road safety inspection or road safety audit.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.83-94
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• 2016

Energy use has been recognized worldwide as a main cause of global warming and it is at the center of climate change. In this study, problems and measures of zero-energy building construction are investigated and analyzed. Based on the results, evaluation criteria of the zero-energy building are suggested. Performance related factors(Q) representing the environmental grade were divided into three categories as outdoor, indoor environment and maintenance. Energy related factors(LR) representing the energy load were divided into an energy, materials & resources, water cycle management, land use and transportation. Detailed fifty three items are listed for the evaluation under the consideration of energy, water cycle management sections gave weight. Upon receiving the first in the environment friendly certification system, Seoul Central Post Office and Seoul Metropolitan Water Supply Center evaluated. The reason why this score difference is due to lack of use of new generation energy building construction is required expensive costs so need expansion of governmental support. This effort is successful zero energy building construction and copes with global warming and climate change.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.4 s.57
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• pp.89-96
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• 2006

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanner is the device to draw an image of conditions and the spread of various tissue in the body. It is used by making the patient into rounded superconductor and using high frequency which cause resonances. It uses superconduction magnet and high frequency that is non-ionizing radiation so can acquire biochemical, physical, and functional information of tissue. It is also very useful because it can scan tomography from many different angles to diagnose disease of a nervous system, the heart, and a skeletal structure. It also has advantages of that there is no risk of radiation exposure and the ability of observation on organizations such as brains, livers and the spinal cord of people. Since these features, the rate of use has been increased accordingly more considerations of the security are required when it plans. The weight of devices and the cover problem of the strong magnetic field which is occurred by magnetic resonance at the time of diagnosis can cause very important structure problems and architectural condition. That also the recent tendency which needs stronger equipment means that planning of the MRI unit should generally aim at purposing of the proximity for the device maintenance and up-grade and of further expansion. However there are not enough studies and data on the magnet resonance imaging in domestic hospitals. According to these reasons, this study has an object of indicating basic data on MRI unit plan standard and alternative proposals.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was done to develop evidence-based nursing practice guidelines to prevent complications related to indwelling urinary catheterization (IUC) in patients in Korea. Methods: A guideline adaptation process was conducted according to the guideline adaptation manual which consists of three main phases, and 9 modules with a total of 24 steps. Results: The newly developed IUC guideline consisted of an introduction, urinary catheterization, summary of recommendations, recommendations, references, and appendices. There were 110 recommendations in 8 sections including assessment, equipment, catheter insertion, catheter maintenance, catheter change, catheter removal, management of complications, and education/consultation. For the grade of recommendations, there were 6.4% for A, 22.7% for B, 67.3% for C. Conclusion: The IUC guideline was developed based on evidence and therefore it is recommended that this guideline be disseminated and utilized by nurses nationwide to improve the quality of care for patients with IUC and decrease complications related to IUC and that it be revised regularly.