• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제9권3호통권32호
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• pp.421-430
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 숏브라스트한 후 무기징크 페인트로 도장한 무기징크면, 연마면, 흑피면에 대하여 정적 및 피로시험을 수행하여 기존의 연구결과와 비교평가함으로써 마찰면의 표면상태에 따른 고장력볼트 마찰이음부의 정적 및 피로거동을 규명하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 일련의 정적 및 피로시험을 실시하고 토크관리법의 타당성 평가, 미끄러짐계수의 도출, 도입축력의 감소률 규명, 피로강도의 평가, 마찰면의 압축력 분포 조사 등을 수행하였다. 본 실험결과와 기존 연구자들의 연구결과를 종합적으로 검토한 결과 볼트의 설계축력 도입을 위한 토크관리법은 타당하며, 시간경과 및 반복하중의 작용에 따른 축력감소율을 고려할 때 설계축력의 110%로 초기축력을 도입하도록 규정한 시방서 기준은 적합한 것으로 평가되었다. 시간경과에 따른 도입축력의 초기감소율은 경과시간의 상용로그에 비례하는 것으로 나타났으며, 도입직후 약 20시간이 경과하면 일정한 값으로 수렴되고 있음을 알 수 있었고 이들은 마찰면의 표면조도와는 상관관계가 없는 것으로 평가되었다. 미끄러짐계수는 연마면, 무기징크프라이머 도포면, 흑피면 순으로 크게 나타났으며 미끄러짐하중은 도입축력에 크게 좌우되나 도입축력이 크면 마찰면의 표면조도의 손상으로 인하여 미끄러짐계수가 작아져 도입축력과 미끄러짐하중 사이에는 선형적 비례관계가 성립되지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 마찰면의 압축력 분포를 조사한 결과 내측볼트 주변의 마찰면적이 외측볼트 주변보다 응력방향에 있어서 더 넓게 분포하고 있는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 이는 외측볼트로부터 마찰접합에서 지압접합으로 천이되고 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제5권
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• pp.43-70
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• 2004

This research was conducted to provide basic document on efficient health promotion behavior program that elementary school students can use from elementary school course to enhance health promotion behavior for healthy life by checking out the degree of the most influential factor for health promotion behavior about elementary school students who establish lifelong health habit, and by checking out the relation between the degree of self-efficacy and health promotion behavior. The number of subjects of this research was 598. They were all elementary school students from the sixth grade students of the 5 cities of the Kyeong Nam province. We conducted questionnaires and did statistical analyses by using 592 papers which were suitable for date analyses with SPSS. The conclusions were as follows; A. The degree of self-efficacy The degree of self-efficacy of elementary school students was more than average. The degree of self-efficacy on physical activity was the highest and the degree of self-efficacy on self-fulfillment was the lowest. The degree of self-efficacy of girl students was comparatively higher than that of boy students. When their parents got higher education, made a lot of money and kept harmony with their children, the degree of self-efficacy became high. Furthermore, when their parents or themselves have a lot of interest in health, they feel that they are healthy, and they feel that they are satisfied with their bodies, the degree of self-efficacy was high too. B. The degree of health promotion behavior Although the degree of health promotion behavior of elementary school students was a bit lower than the degree of self-efficacy, it was higher than average. The degree of health promotion behavior on physical activity was the highest. But the degree of health promotion behavior on health of their own was the lowest. The degree of health promotion behavior between girl students and boy students was the same. When their parents got higher education, made a lot of money and kept harmony with their children, the degree of self-efficacy became high. Furthermore, when their parents or themselves have a lot of interest In health, they feel that they are healthy, and they feel that they are satisfied with their bodies, the degree of self-efficacy was high too. C. The relation between self-efficacy and health promotion behavior When the degree of self-efficacy was high, the degree of health promotion behavior was high too. So there was high positive relationship between self-efficacy and health promotion behavior. Physical activity showed the highest relationship. The order of strong relationship run as follows. Relationship with others, self-fulfillment, management of stress. The higher self-efficacy which was a recognizable factor on health behavior, the higher the degree of health promotion behavior. It is being revealed that many modem chronic diseases are cause by accumulated careless attitude on harmful health habit and lack of self-control. The behavior of keeping healthy and enhancing health is more firm when they have high self-efficacy which is believing their own conviction. So, When we teach elementary school students health promotion education at school, we should try to enhance their own self-efficacy rather than just instill simple information about health. By doing so, we can help them change their attitude on health. Then, they could enjoy life-long healthy life.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 1973

The definition of cancer, its diagnosis and its prognosis all depend upon description of growth. To the layman a synonym for cancer is a "growth". There are no quantitative terms for the description of growth or growth rate in clinical use. There has been no attempt to assign values that would define "rapidly" or "slowly" growing. Estimates of growth potentiality are implied in the descriptive phrases "poorly differentiated" or "well differentiated", "highly malignant" or "low grade malignancy". and in systems of grading. These qualifying terms represent a personal impression, clinically useful in prognosis, but relative in nature. They do not lend themselves to uniform application or precise measurement for purpose of comparison. Growth is related to size and time. The volume of tumor depends upon the duration of the period of growth and the rate of growth. If the interval and change in volume are known. the average growth rate can be determined. If the growth rate is determined, and assumed to be constant., the duration of a given tumor and the time of inception can be estimated. The commonest concept of the origin of cancer is that as a result of a mutation involving a single cell, succeeding divisions of cells establish a colony with the characteristics recognizable as cancer. If the growth rate of the hypothetical tumor were constant it could be described in terms of "tumor volume doubling time". In the department of thoracic surgery of St. Mary hospital in Catholic Medical College, a clinical evaluation for the growth rate, degree of malignancy, resectability and prognosis was done on a total 24 cases of primary bronchogenic carcinoma which contour was significant on the chest X-ray film as possible estimating the tumor volume doubling time. The following results were obtained: 1. In the cases of 6.0cm or more in diameter of minor size at operation the resectability rate was lower and in the cases of 60 days or more in the tumor or volume doubling time the resectability rate was higher. 2. If differentiation of cancer cells was lower graded in tissue pathology, the tumor volume was shorter and the resectability rate was lower. 3. The tumor volume doubling time of the primary bronchogenic carcinoma occured more over 60 years of age was slightly shorter than under 60 years of age. 4. The tumor size at operation was more important to evaluate the survival time and prognosis than the tumor volume doubling time because the tumor growth was not always constant, we presume.mor volume doubling time because the tumor growth was not always constant, we presume.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.277-288
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was to provide basic information for preventing high school students from smoking by examining their actual smoking condition and their knowledge and attitude about smoking. Method: The subjects were 515 students selected from six(6), high schools in Jecheon. Data were collected using a questionnaire from the 1st to the 17th of December 2002. The author prepared the tool by modifying the scale of knowledge and attitude about smoking developed by Moon(2001). Data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN program using frequencies, percentages, $x^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA. Duncan test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Result: 1. The percentage of ex-smoking students was 29.9% of male students and 18.6% of female ones. The percentage of currently smoking students was 23.9% of male students and 3.0% of female ones. The percentage of non-smoking students was 46.2% of male students and 78.4% of female ones, 2. There were not significant differences in smoking knowledge according to smoking status in male and female students. 3. There were significant differences in smoking attitude according to smoking status in male(F=32.70, p=.000) and female(F=11.15, p=.000) students. 4. In smoking status according to general characteristics, there were significant differences according to the type of school($x^2$=32.93, p=.000), grade($x^2$=11.91, p=.018), educational level of the father($x^2$=30.52, p=.000) and the mother($x^2$=14.23, p=.027), monthly allowance($x^2$=17.19, p=.028), harmony of family members($x^2$=15.23, p=.019), school life($x^2$=26.96, p=.00l) and school record($x^2$=30.24, p=.000). 5. In smoking status according to smoking-related characteristics, there were significant differences according to experience in cigarette purchase($x^2$=150.04. p=.000), experience in errands for cigarette($x^2$=20.00, p=.000), knowledge of cigarette price($x^2$=72.52, p=.000), close friends' smoking($x^2$=107.41. p=.000) and smoking of brothers and sisters($x^2$=16.97, p=.002). 6. There were significant correlation between knowledge and attitude about smoking in the whole students(r=.337. p=.000), ex-smokers(r=.324. p=.000), non-smokers(r=.369. p=.000) but there was not a significant correlation between knowledge and attitude about smoking in current smokers(r=.128. p=.30l). Conclusion: Smoking prevention education should considered students' smoking status. Current smokers need smoking prevention education aiming to change their attitude toward smoking in order for them to reduce smoking and to practice smoking cessation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권20호
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• pp.8969-8974
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• 2014

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of health promoting lifestyle behaviour among medical students attending seven of the medical schools in Turkey. Materials and Methods: This crosssectional descriptive study was performed during the second semester of the first and last (sixth) years of study from March to May 2011. A questionnaire with two sections was specifically designed. The first section contained questions on demographic characteristics; the second consisted of the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP) Scale. From a total of 2,309 medical students, 2,118 (response rate 91.7%) completed the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t, Anova, Tukey test and binary logistic regression analysis. The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of Erciyes University. Results: The mean age was $20.7{\pm}2.9$ years and it was found that 55.1% were men, 62.3% were in the first year. The overall prevalence of smoking was 19.1%, and for drinking alcohol was 19.4%. HPLP point averages of the first year students were $129.2{\pm}17.7$, and for last year $125.5{\pm}19.0$. The overall mean score for the HPLP II was $2.5{\pm}0.4$. They scored highest on the spiritual growth subscale ($2.9{\pm}0.5$), interpersonal relations ($2.8{\pm}0.5$), health responsibility subscale ($2.3{\pm}0.5$), nutrition subscale ($2.3{\pm}0.5$), stress management subscale ($2.3{\pm}0.4$), and the lowest subscale physical activity ($2.0{\pm}0.5$). It is established that student's grade, educational level of parents, economic status of family, marital status, smoking and general health perception of the students resulted in a significant difference in HPLP Scale total score average and the mean score of majority of subscales. There was no statistically significant difference between the total HPLP when evaluated for gender, chronic disease, alcohol drinking status and BMI. Conclusions: Based on these results, particularly in the curriculum of medical students in order to increase positive health behaviours including physical activity, health promotion issues, and giving more space to aim at behaviour change in these matters is recommended.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2019

This study was started to study the buffer zone of Daejeon metropolitan city in order to study the policy and environment for the suitability evaluation of the use of green buffer zone. The target of the study was selected as the buffer zone of western buffer, which is frequently used in the Daejeon Metropolitan City, and a preliminary index was selected to evaluate the suitability of the green buffer zone. AHP analysis was conducted to increase the reliability of the preliminary indicators and the weight was analyzed by questionnaires to experts and practitioners. In addition, based on the existing statistical data, we rebuilt the green buffer zone and investigated the current condition, and compared and analyzed the green buffer zone and the places where they did not. The results are as follow. First, unlike the statute interpretation that construction can not be done in buffered green spaces, green buffer zones have been utilized in various ways. However, the lack of advanced citizen consciousness of the residents, the responsibility of the responsible person, and the problem of the management office alone are causing problems. Second, according to the results of AHP questionnaire analysis, functional and stability among the appropriateness indexes of green buffer zone utilization were evaluated highly. Park accessibility and utilization potential also weighed somewhat, and it was judged that the epochal trend was more important in the use of green buffer zones. Third, analysis of the status of Western green buffer zones in Daejeon showed that the utilization rate was more than half. This suggests the necessity of judging the appropriateness of the application of the green buffer zone effectively due to the change of the perception of the green buffer zone of the residents. Fourth, as a result of comparing and analyzing the site where the site is used and the site where it is not, it is found that it is used within a range that does not greatly affect each index. However, as the stability has decreased, we have decided that the utilization method is most damaging to the green zone, and we should strive to improve the stability in future. Finally, the analysis of a red clay road and a red clay road sites decreased from Class I of stability to Grade II. However, the fall figure showed a difference between the 13 % drop rate of the target location and the 5% decline rate of utilization. The difference was analyzed as the difference of width of a red clay road. This can be regarded as one of the ways of damaging the green zone to the minimum extent, which is a great advantage in selecting the future utilization plan.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2003

저자는 류마티스 관절염의 일종인 성인형 스틸병으로 치료받던 16세 환아의 치료 과정 중 발생한 미만성 뇌피질 손상 1예(例)에 대하여 초기 양방 병원에서의 치료에도 변화가 없었던 운동마비와 정신신경계통의 제반 증상에 대하여 한방적 치료한 결과 호전도가 있었기에 증예보고(證例報告)하는 바이다. 특히 경계정충(驚悸??)을 동반한 불면(不眠)에 대하여 자하차(紫河車) 약철(藥鍼)과 녹용(鹿茸) 약철(藥鍼)을 시술한 것에 대하여서는 지견을 얻었으며 가미온담탕(加味溫膽湯), 양심탕류(養心湯類)의 처방이 유용한 효과가 있다는 결론을 얻었다. 하지만 150일이라는 장기입원 치료에 비해서 전실어(全失語)는 거의 호전을 보지 못했으며 Mental Grade가 GCS 상 12점까지 상승하였으나 일상생활에서의 능동적인 운동능력의 호전에는 한계가 있었다는데서 아쉬움이 남는다. 아직까지 한방 분야에서 성인형 스틸병과 미만성 뇌피질 손상에 대한 연구는 별로 보고된 것이 없었으며, 특히 장기간의 관리가 필요한 마비 질환의 경우 그 평가 척도나 정신계통의 회복에 있어서 연구 및 치료방법이 부족한 듯하며 차후 지속적인 연구가 필요하리라 사료된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.58-66
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• 2014

도시화 및 산업화 등의 영향으로 인한 도시하천의 수질오염 문제가 사회적 관심의 대상이 되고 있다. 특히, 신도시의 개발로 인하여 유역 내 물순환 특성이 급격하게 변화한다는 사실을 고려할 때, 이에 영향을 받는 도시하천의 장래수질에 대해서도 많은 우려가 제기되고 있다. 그러나 아직 개발이 완료되지 않은 신도시의 장래수질을 정량적으로 예측하는 합리적인 방안은 현 시점까지도 제시되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 환경부가 장기간의 모니터링 결과에 기반하여 제시한 토지계 지목별 발생부하 원단위를 분포형 강우유출모형인 SWMM (Storm Water Management Model)에 연계 적용함으로써 장래 신도시 내 도시하천의 수질을 거시적으로 예측하는 방법론을 제시하는 한편, 현재 신도시 개발이 진행되고 있는 G 신도시 내 대상유역의 장래수질 예측을 위하여 이를 활용함으로써 그 적용성을 검증하였다. '연단위 유량가중 평균농도 (Y-EMC; Yearly based Event Mean Concentration)' 개념을 도입하여 신도시 개발 이후의 장래수질을 예측한 결과, BOD 18.7 mg/L, T-N 16.2 mg/L 및 T-P 0.85 mg/L로 산정되어 목표수질인 하천생활기준 III등급의 달성이 어려운 것으로 나타났으며, 생활계 배출부하량을 80% 이상 저감시켰을 때 이 기준을 만족할 수 있는 것으로 예측되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 신도시 개발에 따른 장래 토지이용 특성의 변화에 대응하여 도시하천의 수질을 효율적으로 예측 관리하기 위한 기초적인 방법론으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.437-457
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 우리나라 초등학교 수학과 교육과정 중 도형 영역의 내용 및 성취기준이 어떻게 변화되어 왔는지 분석하였다. 이를 위해 2015 개정 교육과정을 기본으로 한 분석틀을 기초로 시기별 성취기준을 연속형, 소멸형, 추가형으로 분류하여 그 특성을 살펴보았다. 도형 영역에서 연속형 성취기준은 전체의 51%이고, 학년 및 영역의 변동 없이 지속된 성취기준이 많았다. 소멸형 성취기준은 전체의 20.4%이고, 제3차의 수학 현대화의 영향으로 급격하게 도입되었던 학습 내용들이 제4차 교육과정에서 삭제되면서 가장 많이 소멸되었고, 제7차 교육과정 이후에는 단계형 교육과정과 학년군의 도입으로 학습 내용이 통합되거나 중학교로 이동되면서 소멸되었다. 추가형 성취기준은 전체의 28.6%이고, 제7차 교육과정에서 공간 감각 기르기가 도입되면서 성취기준이 가장 많이 추가되었다. 도형 영역에서 추가형 성취기준이 소멸형 성취기준보다 많은 것은 학습 내용 축소라는 교육과정 개정의 큰 흐름에도 불구하고 시대에 맞는 기하 내용을 적극적으로 도입하려고 노력한 결과라고 할 수 있다. 이와 같은 연구의 결과가 향후 교육과정 개발 시 새로운 성취기준의 구성에 있어서 기초자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.179-194
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• 2017

이 연구의 목적은 CARS(Changes in Attitude of Relevance to Science)문항에 대한 신뢰도 및 타당도를 확인하여 우리나라 학생들에게의 적용여부를 판단하고, 성별 및 학교급별 차이를 비교한 후 라쉬 모델을 활용하여 두 개의 동형의 과학적 관련성 인식 검사도구를 구성하는 것이다. 이 연구를 위하여 59문항의 CARS 과학적 관련성 인식 검사문항을 번역하여 787명의 중 고등 (중학생 300명, 고등학생 431명의 답변이 분석됨) 학생들에게 투입하였다. CARS 문항의 우리나라 학생들에게의 적합도를 판단하고 많은 문항수의 제한점을 극복하기 위하여 라쉬 모델의 문항연결 방법을 활용하였다. 연구 결과를 분석하여 25문항으로 구성된 CARS-A와 CARS-B형의 두 과학적 관련성 인식 검사도구를 구성하였다. 두 동형검사도구의 라쉬 점수 상관관계는 0.78이며, 라쉬 모델 분석수치는 거의 일치하였다. 이 연구를 통해 생성된 두 형의 과학 관련성 인식 검사도구는 학생들의 과학의 일상관련 태도를 확인하거나, 특정 수업과정 후 또는 학년별 변화를 확인하는데 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 이 연구를 통해 과학교육에서 학생들이 과학의 연관성 인식이 가지는 의미를 확인하고 도구개발 및 활용에 대하여 논의하고자 한다.