• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.195-216
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• 2005

This study concerns especially Choryang-Weagwan which was the largest Japanese House left in Pusan through Chosun Dynasty.Choryang-Waegwan was known to have been jointly constructed by Korean and Japanese carpenters. Therefore, Weagwan was a place for exchange of architectural tradition (special features such as sliding door and straw mat) between Korean and Japan. Judging from this point of view, It is certain that mutual influences helped to shape architecture of Choryang-Weagwan. After establishment Choryang-Weagwan was gradually extended, owing to the prosperity of trade with Japan. But since late 18th century government of Chosun did not give as much care to maintaining Choryang-Weagwan as a result of deteriorating condition of commercial and diplomatic relations with Japan. From the beginning of Choryang-Weagwan construction, Superintendents of the construction were called Hun-do and Byl-cha, who acted as official interpreters as well. And, during construction works, they were called Gamdong-gwan. At the start of construction, Weagwan was built partly in Japanese-style by the carpenters from Tokugawa Shogunate. But as time passed, the participation rate of Japanese carpenters diminished gradually. After 1831, Japanese technician vanished extremely and repairing construction was continued by the Korean

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2011

In the latter half of the Joseon(朝鮮) Dynasty, the medical world was encountering a great change. It is said that a large stream between the first half and the latter half of the Joseon Dynasty was a qualitative transition from official relationships to private relationships, that is, from adjustments by governmental power to contractual relationships between individuals. Doctors who can be said to be the core of the medical world became to be left in severer competition. The fact that the number of people engaged in medical practice increased to the extent that doctors had to compete with each other implies that not only demand for medical care was increasing but also that medical care was becoming social service that must be shared by all people in the Joseon Dynasty rather than by small numbers of men of power. Anyway, it seems like that, in the competition that was becoming fiercer, they tried to establish their authority in diverse methods unlike before. As an authority to determine the social positions of doctors in the latter half of the Joseon Dynasty, the government was still occupying an important position, but doctors tried to show off their medical techniques utilizing excellent teachers or books. Meanwhile, they were making efforts to improve treating skills and thereby they were contributing to the development of medical techniques although they were sometimes criticised because of radical treatment or fierce drugs. In this process, it seems like that some doctors made efforts to establish the social meaning of medicine and their identity. In the short dialogue with Hong Yangho(洪良浩), Cho Gwangil(趙光一) was presenting the image of doctors as active and subjective beings. Pointing out the fact that in the society where feudal position systems were still impregnable, even the Confucian scholars who could be considered as a leading group could not but be passive in front of the sovereign power, he emphasized the fact that doctors could practice treatment as they liked. In that he re-discovered the meaning of treating people's diseases as a professional intellectual and that he was forming a subjective sense that medical techniques are active self expression, it can be carefully said that Cho Gwangil was obtaining his identity as a doctor. In the society in the Joseon Dynasty where the position systems were still valid and the value system under Neo-confucianism(性理學) supporting the system was impregnable, this change can be thought to be small yet quite meaningful.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.58-68
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• 2002

Recently as recognition to prevent nature disasters is reaching the climax, the most important job of government official is to provide information related to the prevention of nature disasters through the Web and to bring notice to prevent disaster under people. Especially, if the case of daily forest fire hazard index is provided within visualization on Web, people may have more chances to understand about forest fire and less damages by large scale of forest fire. Forest fire hazard index presentation system developed in this paper presents daily forest fire hazard index on map visually also provides the information related to it in text format. In order to develop this system, CBDP(Component Based Development Process) is proposed in this paper. This development process tries to emphasize the view of reusability so that it has lifecycle which starts from requirement and domain analysis and finishes to component generation. Moreover, The concept of this development process tries to reflect component based method, which becomes hot issue in software field nowadays. In the future, the component developed in this paper may be possibly reused in other Web GIS application, which has similar function to it so that it may take less cost and time to develop other similar system.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.127-152
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• 2014

Supplemental Educational Services (SES) are government initiated tutoring services to strengthen basic skills of academically underachieving students and thus close achievement gaps among students. Recently, however, the direction of SES has shifted its gear away from the test-driven accountability system in the United States (US) and Korea. Based on related literature, official documents, and statistics data, this study investigates major aspects of SES in the US and Korea, suggesting implications for future SES in the two countries. Major findings illustrate; 1) SES both in the US and Korea aim to serve students with underachievement yet place a primary emphasis on academics, 2) the US and Korea show contrasting results of SES in students' academic achievement, 3) the US and Korea use different approaches in selecting SES participants, which is closely related to equality in educational opportunities, 4) the major difference between the US and Korea is the openness of real markets for SES. Based on these findings, this study proposes practical implications for future SES in Korea and the US.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.37
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• pp.75-109
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• 2018

This paper explains how the exile experience and the writer's consciousness were presented in Namhaemungyeonrok and Bukgwannojeongrok, both written by Yu, Eui-yang in the 18th century. He was banished to Namhae island and Jongseong because of the King Yeongjo's anger. The author composed his writings by presenting historic events and tales related to the places he was passing, and by presenting poems as well. It means that the author tried to understand these places through history and literary works. Moreover he presented in detail, the lives of people living in the places of his exile. It shows how he tried to understand and recognize their lives as they themselves did. In addition, focusing on the relationships and conversations with the people from each place, the author described his life in exile. There are some reasons he presented his exile experience in the ways mentioned above. First, he was a government official and a writer. Second, as the reason for his banishment was not very significant, he felt relaxed more or less. Last, by focusing on his journey and the place of his exile, he was able to forget the agony he was facing to some degree.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.38
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• pp.359-385
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• 2005

Red ocher, red lead or cinnabar has been as red colorant for ages. Cinnabar of the red pigments has been highly regarded as a valuable ingredient because it represent a symbol of exorcising and a haute image. It was used as a pigment of painting and mural painting, bowl, clothes, rock writing, gravestone, etc. It is powder which dissolves in perilla oil or glue before using. Because it is high-priced, the use of cinnabar may be limited to the privileged class. Therefore, red ocher or red lead was used instead of cinnabar. "Gongsagyunmunrok" demonstrated that government official's gravestonea has been painted red by two colorants in the period of the Goryeo dynasty. However, cinnabar may be used to paint gravestones for the first time in the period of the Three States because it has been transmitted since the times. This study discuss the results obtained from an analysis of the pigments used on the red pigments of the Stone Monuments. The results can be briefly summarized as below; First, the microcrystalline structures seen on the surface section of analyzed pigments, samples of which were taken from various parts of red pigments show that different sizes and shapes of pigment particle. Second, a result of the analysis on the composition and structure of the pigments shows that the main components in their composition are : Red pigments - Red lead($Pb_3O_4$), Cinnabar(HgS) and Hematite($Fe_2O_3$) White pigments - Calcite($CaCO_3$) Especially, we knew that red Stone Monuments were found to be natural mineral pigments, which were used as a singular or a mixture.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.147-172
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• 2019

With the provision of the original text information disclosure service, the time spent on determining the disclosure of the original text information decreased, and the number of original text information disclosure significantly increased. In public institutions, the risk of the exposure of personal information also increased. In this study, the status of personal information protection in the original text information disclosure service was investigated. Moreover, the causes of the exposure of personal information were analyzed, and improvements were proposed. The survey presented the following results. First, 13% of the original text information collected contains personal information, which is the nondisclosure information. Second, among the original text information that includes personal information, the original text information, including the personal information of the public official, was the most important. In particular, many records about vacation and medical leaves were found. Third, there were many cases in which information about the individual of the representative was exposed in the agency that deals mainly with the contract work. Fourth, a large volume of personal information was not detected by filtering personal information. Upon analyzing the cause of the exposure of personal information, the following improvements are suggested. First, privacy guidelines should be redesigned. Second, the person in charge of the task of deciding whether or not to disclose original text information should be trained further. Third, the excessive disclosure of information based on the government's quantitative performance should be eased. Fourth, the filtering function of the personal information of the original text information disclosure system should be improved.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.343-346
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• 2019

This letter describes a development of satellite-based forest withering index for detection of fire burn area and its application to the Goseong-Sokcho and Gangneung-Donghae wildfires in April 4, 2019. Withered forest has very different spectral characteristics from healthy forest. In particular, a false color composite of R-NIR-G represents such difference very clearly. Using Sentinel-2 images with the forest withering index, we derived the area burned by the wildfires: approximately 701.16 ha for Goseong-Sokcho and approximately 710.60 ha for Gangneung-Donghae, although official record will be announced by the Korean government later.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.373-394
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• 2020

The strengthening of multilateral international sanctions against North Korea has raised questions as to how effective they are in exerting pressure on the country's economy. In this paper, we address this question by examining their impact on the country's integration into regional and global apparel production networks. North Korea has in the past decade become an increasingly competitive exporter of apparel on the basis of consignment-based processing arrangements. Official trade data shows a sharp drop in North Korean exports of clothing since the sectoral ban in 2017. There is evidence to suggest, however, that exports have continued on a more informal and clandestine basis. North Korea's integration into apparel production networks has also taken the form of the dispatch of workers to factories in China's northeastern border regions. Yet there is evidence that the recent sanctions imposed on such practices has similarly led to illicit practices such as working on visitors' visas, often with the help of Chinese enterprises and local government. The resilience of North Korea's integration into apparel production networks follows a capitalist logic and is result of the highly profitable nature of apparel production for all actors concerned and a correspondingly strong desire to evade sanctions. As such, the analysis contributes to the literature on sanctions that suggests that the measures may contribute to emergence of growing informal and illicit practices and to the role of the clandestine economy.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.33
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• pp.97-129
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• 2008

Sin-jeokdo (Hogye, 1574-1663) was a general of patriotic army who protected the region of Euseong at the time of Qing dynasty's invasion in 1627(Jungmyo) and 1636(Byongja). He was an prominent figure outside government as well as a faithful confucian who spent his life with reading and teaching junior scholars after disgraceful treaty in the year of Byongja. Hogye understood the neo-Confucianism in terms of the whole duty of men(綱常) and righteousness(義理) which was in the status of sole official academic subject and thought its practice only hinged upon the practice of filial piety and brotherly love together with loyalty and sincerity based on morals between sovereign and subject, father and son. He, therefore, emphasized that the righteousness only can be accomplished by dying of children and subjects for filial piety and fidelity respectively, at the time of commotion. This was his spirit of righteousness which repelled Japanese army in the Imjin War and he insisted on defeating Japanese army in accordance with this spirit. Hogye's practice of righteousness is grounded on the spirit of Chosun Confucianism which stressed actual practices of moral principles and duties. His practice of righteousness shows internalized cultural sinocentrism and moral-centric, ethic-centric characteristic of Chosun Confucianism. Moreover, the moral consciousness which was shown in Hogye's thought helped to keep Korean's pride and observe morality and it served itself as a basis of commencement of nationalistic military, religious movements afterwards.