• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.333-339
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• 2020

본 연구는 공공기관의 부채 수준을 결정하는 요인이 무엇인지 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 구체적으로 본 연구는 공공기관의 외부적 요인과 내부적 요인이 부채비율에 미치는 영향을 살펴본다. 외부적 요인으로는 손실보전제도와 정부지원금 규모를 고려하였고, 내부적 요인으로는 비효율적 경영을 대리하는 복리후생비 규모를 고려하였다. 본 연구의 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 외부적 요인 중 손실보전제도는 공공기관의 부채비율과 유의한 양의 관계를 나타내었다. 둘째, 외부적 요인 중 정부지원금 규모 역시 공공기관의 부채비율과 유의한 양의 관련성을 나타내었다. 이들 결과는 공공기관에 대한 정부지원제도가 큰 경우 부채 규모가 커짐을 의미한다. 셋째, 내부 요인으로 고려한 복리후생비 수준은 공공기관의 부채 수준과 유의한 관련성을 나타내지 않았다. 이는 공공기관의 방만한 경영과 비효율적 운영이 부채 수준을 악화시킨다는 일각의 우려에 대해 답변을 대신할 수 있는 실증적 결과라 하겠다. 본 연구는 공공기관 부채의 결정요인을 외부 및 내부적 요인을 모두 검토하여 정부의 공공기관 부채관리 방안을 수립하는데 정책적 시사점을 제공하였다는 공헌도가 있다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.43-68
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• 2007

The administration of a regional public hospitals are expending from profit preference to publicity preference. The weight rate for a profitability and publicity of performance assessment has changed from 84:16 which was resulted by the assessment executed firstly in 1989 to 39:61 as resulted in 2004, the final assessment execution in 2005. Regional public hospitals are exerting and promoting a magnification in public sector to raise up the public-score. With comparison between publicity scores and profitability scores in original scores basis excluding weight rate, the publicity scores ranked higher than profitability scores although the latter was higher by 2002. However, for the administration performance of the regional public hospitals, the deficits increased 11 times from \92.6billion deficits with \460.3billion cost increased by 457% although income as \367.7billion increased by 394% comparing the last 2004 year to the first 1989 year for profit & loss statement of a regional public hospitals. There was analysis for the relation in yearly basis partitioning publicity and profitability for the assessment scores of the to regional public hospitals confirm the accumulated deficits of the hospitals like this attribute to the extension of public sector. The result showed that there was distinct plus relationship from 1999 although a minus relationship in general until 1997 except 1992 and there is a more plus relationship as approaching 2004. That is, it is hard to tell that the accumulated deficits increase of regional government medical center attributed to extension of public sector. On the contrary, the analysis showed the extension of public sector has a mutual relationship with uplift of profitability Meanwhile, it showed that operation cost rate and labor cost are the factors which influence a revenue & expenditure rate among the profitability index according to the results of relation analysis for the representative index of profitability and that of publicity.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.417-440
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• 2020

The coronavirus pandemic of 2019-20 confronted fiscally dominant regimes around the world with the question of whether the large deficits caused by the health crisis should be monetized or financed by issuing debt. The unpleasant monetarist arithmetic of Sargent and Wallace (1981) states that in a fiscally dominant regime tighter money now can cause higher inflation in the future. In spite of the qualifier 'unpleasant,' this result is positive in nature, and, therefore, void of normative content. I analyze conditions under which it is optimal in a welfare sense for the central bank to delay inflation by issuing debt to finance part of the fiscal deficit. The analysis is conducted in the context of a model in which the aforementioned monetarist arithmetic holds, in the sense that if the government finds it optimal to delay inflation, it does so knowing that it would result in higher inflation in the future. The central result of the paper is that delaying inflation is optimal when the fiscal deficit is expected to decline over time.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.259-264
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• 2016

Objectives: We evaluated and recorded post-traumatic and postoperative neurosensory deficits of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in mandibular fracture in order to identify associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study composed of 60 patients treated for mandibular fracture. The primary study variable was the change between the post-traumatic IAN neurosensory examination score and the score after fracture reduction. Risk factors were categorized as demographic, anatomic, fracture displacement, and treatment. Appropriate descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed. Results: Sixty patients with unilateral mandibular fracture reported within 24 hours of injury were evaluated over a one-year period. A post-traumatic neurosensory deficit was observed in 52 patients (86.7%), the percentage of which was reduced to 23.3% over the follow-up period. Abnormal postoperative neurosensory scores were significantly higher in angle fracture cases (33.3%) compared to body fracture cases (11.1%). When recovered and non-recovered neurosensory scores were compared by fracture location, 88.9% of body fracture cases showed significant recovery compared to 66.7% of mandibular angle fracture cases. Cases with less than 5 mm fracture displacement showed statistically significantly higher neurosensory recovery scores (90.6%) compared to those with more than 5 mm fracture displacement (60.7%). Conclusion: Use of a miniplate with mono-cortical screws does not play a role in increasing IAN post-traumatic neurosensory deficit. Early management can reduce the chances of permanent neurosensory deficit. Mandibular fracture displacement of 5 mm or more and fracture location were found to be associated with an increased risk of post-traumatic IAN neurosensory score worsening.

• 융합경영연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2017

Domestic government debt securities is one of the steps which is taken by the government of Indonesia as a major source of financial budget, covering for the budget deficit, debt payments and interest debt. The purposes of this research are to know the development of budget deficits, government debt and impact of domestic government debt securities against economic growth in Indonesia. Method of analysis used Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) analyzing the impact of the domestic debt against economic growth in Indonesia. This research uses time series data from 1997 to 2014. Total government debt and domestic government debt securities in Indonesia increased during the last five years. The average of domestic government securities was above 50 percent of the total government debt. Estimated results showed domestic government debt securities has a positive and significant effect to economic growth. Official development assistance (ODA) has a negative effect to economic growth. Other variables such as the gross fixed capital formation and receipt of remittance have positive and significant effect, total imports and government expenditure have negative and significant effect against economic growth.

• 지역연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-22
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• 1999

It is widely known that optimal control techniques are useful to measure the performance of macroeconomic policy. This paper examines how the method could be applies them to the evaluation of the public investment expenditures conducted by the local government of Choongbook Province in Korea. The numerical example illustrates the usefulness of the methods for the evaluation of the regional economic policies suggesting the main findings as follows: (1) If the local government of Choongbook Province had increased the public investment expenditures allowing the budget deficits for the first three to four years during the period between 1985 and 1990, its GRDP would have early risen to the ratio of more than three percent of Korea's total GDP. (2) The additonal welfare losses incurred by not following the optimal policy were 0.191 in 1986, 0.607 in 1987, 1.585 in 1988, and 0.132 in 1989, indicating that the public investment policy proves to be the best in 1989 and the worst in 1988.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.1-38
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• 2013

본 연구는 공공부문과 민간투자사업자를 포함한 일반균형모형을 사용하여 재정사업과 BTL 민간투자사업의 후생 차이를 비교 분석한다. 다른 모든 조건이 동일할 때 정부가 세입 세출을 동일하게 유지해야 한다고 가정할 경우, 민간투자사업하에서의 국민경제 후생수준이 재정사업하에서의 후생수준보다 높은 것으로 나타난다. 정부가 균형재정의 제약을 회피할 목적으로 민간투자사업을 무리하게 추진하는 경우 미래의 임대료가 모두 부채로 간주되기 때문에 상당한 사회적 비용이 초래될 수 있음을 명시적으로 보인다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.5-9
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• 2018

Many developing countries have attempted to depreciate their currencies in order to make their products cheaper, stimulate exports, shift aggregate demand to the right, and increase aggregate output. However, currency depreciation tends to increase import prices, raise domestic inflation, reduce capital inflows, and shift aggregate supply to the left. The net impact is unclear. The paper incorporates the monetary policy function in the model, which is determined by the inflation gap, the output gap, the real effective exchange rate, and the world real interest rate. Applying an extended IS-MP-AS model (Romer, 2000), the paper finds that real depreciation raised real GDP during 1997.Q1-2005.Q3 whereas real appreciation increased real GDP during 2005.Q4-2017.Q2. In addition, a higher government debt-to-GDP ratio, a lower U.S. real federal funds rate, a higher real stock price, a lower real oil price or a lower expected inflation rate would help increase real GDP. Hence, real depreciation or real appreciation may increase or reduce aggregate output, depending upon the level of economic development. Although expansionary fiscal policy is effective in stimulating the economy, caution needs to be exercised as there may be a debt threshold beyond which a further increase in the debt-to-GDO ratio would hurt economic growth.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.306-311
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• 2013

The Real-Time-Pricing (RTP) brings greatest values in terms of economic incentives and efficiency among the dynamic pricing schemes. The electric power industry in Korea is mainly operated by publicly owned utilities and strongly regulated by the government; therefore, revenue reconciliation of RTP is inevitably required to prevent revenue deficits. In this paper, a revenue reconciliation of real-time pricing considering imperfect information on customer response is proposed to prevent revenue deficit and distortion of the spot price. A case study is present to verify the applicability of the proposed method.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.502-511
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• 2015

이 연구는 지방자체단체에서 운영 중인 전국의 도시철도(경전철 포함) 서비스 이용고객에게 더 나은 맞춤형 서비스 품질을 제공하여 고객만족도를 향상에 의한 수송수요를 창출하고 또한 경영수익을 창출하고자 하였다. 정부재정사업 도시철도와 민간투자사업도시철도에 대한 서비스 이용 전과 이용 후의 기대도와 인식도에 대한 평균값 차이의 유효성을 검정한 결과 정부재정사업도시철도는 18개 항목에서 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며(p<.01), 반면에 2개 항목은 기대도와 인식도간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으며(p>.05), 민간투자사업도시철도는 20개 항목 모두가 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<.001). 그리고 IPA분석결과 서비스품질의 중점개선항목이 도출되었다. 이 연구결과는 만성적자인 도시철도(경전철 포함) 운영기업에 대한 맞춤형서비스품질을 제공하여 고객만족도 향상과 경영수익 창출을 위한 경영전략의 단초를 제공하는데 큰 의의가 있다.