• 지식경영연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.57-72
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• 2013

This paper examines the relationships between the Korean government-owned banks and the firm performance. We investigates this empirical analysis using a data set containing virtually all Korean publicly listed firms for the period of 2004-2006. We find the negative relationships between government-owned banks and firm performance. The strong relationships between the Korean government-owned banks and the Korean listed firms may lower firm performance. The Hold up costs may be present in the government-owned bank relationships. The government-owned bank relationships in the Korean listed firms may could shape the negative management decisions and firm performance. On the lines of concerns on the impact of government banks, this paper will provide new evidences on the impact of government-ownership of banks on the Korean Economy. Particularly, empirical analyses in this paper revealed new evidences on the recent firm-bank relationship or government banks researches.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2020

This paper investigates, in a single equation framework, the effect of bank-specific and macroeconomic determinants on micro-, small- and medium-sized loans by commercial banks in Indonesia. This study uses a sample of 790 observations from 79 commercial banks in Indonesia over the years 2006-2015. This study uses two estimation methods for our panel regressions: static and dynamic generalized method of moments (GMM) panel estimator. In static relationships, the literature usually uses the least square methods on fixed effects (FE) or random effects (RE). I found evidence that all banks, bank profitability and size are positively and significantly related to micro-, small- and medium-sized loans, while the coefficients of liquidity are significantly positive in all specifications, except government banks which is significantly negative. The relationship between risk and credit growth is negative for non-government banks. All estimated equations show that the effect of the capital variable on lending banks to MSMEs is not important in government banks and non-government banks. Finally, macroeconomic variables, such as inflation and gross domestic product, clearly affect the lending of the banking sector particularly non-state banks. The findings have several policy implications to Indonesia government, regulatory authority and bank managers in order to improve bank profitability through bank lending.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.4895-4900
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• 2014

본 연구는 미시 수준의 기업 자료를 이용하여 정부소유 은행과 거래 기업의 규모에 대해 다양한 실증분석을 실시하였다. 기업과 정부소유 은행 관계는 정부소유은행과의 최다대출관계 여부, 정부소유은행의 대출비중 등을 이용하였다. 또한 정부소유 은행관계가 기업 규모에 미치는 영향에 대한 내생성 문제를 통제하기 위해 시차변수, 도구변수를 이용한 이단계 최소자승 모형 등을 이용하였다. 또한 분석결과에 미칠 수 있는 요인을 통제하기 위해 다양한 관점에서의 통제변수를 이용하였다. 분석 결과에 따르면 정부소유 은행과 주거래 관계에 있거나 정부소유 은행으로부터 많은 대출을 의존할수록 거래기업의 규모가 작은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 정부소유 은행과 주된 거래관계에 있거나 정부소유 은행들로부터 상대적으로 많은 대출을 의존하는 기업들의 규모는 상대적으로 작은 것으로 추정할 수 있다. 즉 정부소유 은행과 관계가 긴밀할수록 기업의 규모가 작은 기업들이라고 추정할 수 있다. 본 연구는 은행의 정부소유 여부 등 은행 소유 지배구조, 은행과 기업의 관계 등에 새로운 시사점을 제공하고 있다. 또한 본 연구는 은행의 민영화 진행 과정에서 정부소유 은행의 긍정적 기능을 살펴 보았다는 점에서도 시사점이 있다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between diversification and the performance of commercial banks, while taking into account the ownership status of these banks in Sri Lanka. Two-way relationship between diversification and performance was scrutinised by employing the 2SLS regression technique. The data consists of 17 registered commercial bank in Sri Lanka between 2001-2016. The results show a strong significant bidirectional relationship exists between diversification and bank performance. The performance of Sri Lankan banks has been significantly improved by their diversification attempts. In other words, the banks whose incomes are more diversified from various sources, they are more profitable and successful in long-term. On the other hands, the results also reveal that bank performance positively and significantly affects diversification. This finding suggests that the banks with great profitability are more capable in diversify their operations. Furthermore, private sector banks, both listed and unlisted, are significantly more diversified than their government-owned counterparts, but their performance is not necessarily superior to government-owned banks. This may be the result of the economic environment and the perception of the public, which have allowed the government-owned banks to entertain significant market power over the private sector banks in the country.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2009

In this paper, we develop theoretical game models to determine the level of government subsidies for banks to provide policy loans to Innovative SMEs(small and medium sized enterprises) through banks, which otherwise would not finance them for the sake of their own profitability. For this, we compare net cash flows of each bank using different strategies against high risk innovative SMEs. A bank can decide whether to provide them loans or not In each period. Following Kim(2003)'s Infinite horizon model on the soft budget constraint, we introduce a situation in which banks compete against each other for higher net long-term payoffs from their loans to innovative SMEs and non-innovative SMEs. From the models, we show that competition among banks in general leads to a tighter decision against innovative SMEs, as a Nash equilibrium. It is not because the government bank is simply loose in providing loans, but because competition among commercial banks for fewer riskier borrowers results in tighter loan decisions against innovative SMEs. Thus, the competitive market for policy loans to innovative SMEs fails to reach the socially optimal level of loans for innovative SMMs. Commercial banks in the competitive market may require additional supports from the government to make up for the differences in their payoffs to support innovative SMEs, possibly much riskier due to moral hazards and poor discounted cash flows. The monopolistic government bank might also request such supports from the government to fund otherwise unqualified SMEs. We calculate an optimal level of governmental support for banks to guarantee funding such high-risk innovative SMEs over periods without deviating from their optimal Nash equilibrium policies.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.29-58
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• 2017

The third pillar of the Basel II highlights the role of market discipline in easing the existing pressure on traditional monitoring measures like capital requirement and government supervision. This study test the effectiveness of market discipline in inducing prudential risk management practices among the East Asian banks over the 1995 to 2005 period. Market discipline is measured using information disclosure and interbank deposit holdings. We find that only the latter is an effective market discipline tool. However, the former becomes effective when market concentration is higher. We find that government owned, foreign owned and recapilatised banks are subject to market disciplining when disclosure in taken account but the opposite is true when interbank deposits is taken into account. Finally, we find that banks that disclose more risk related information hold more capital against their non-performing loan. The implications of the findings are discussed.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.39-58
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• 1999

This study examines whether expenditures in information technology (IT) are associated with increases in Tobin's q ratios, a measure of management performance, in the banking industry. The association between IT expenditures and Tobin's q ratios is different, depending upon the banks' size (national vs regional) and strategic orientation (wholesale vs retail), in the Korean commercial banks for the period studied 1990-1996, For national commercial banks which have more clients and electronic banking systems than regional banks, IT expenditures appear to increase Tobin's q ratios. This may indicate that IT is linked to the ability to achieve economies of scale or network effects when large banks use IT as a strategic tool. The association between IT expenditures and management performance measures is also positive and statistically significant for retail-oriented banks. This research makes two important practical contributions with respect to financial reform. First, the evidence suggested that Korean commercial banks need to apply IT strategy in conjunction with restructuring strategy to be a super-bank and, hence, reap substantial competitive advantage from IT applications. Second, since the government recently encouraged commercial banks to increase credit loans as a means of financial reform, most banks tend to focus on retail banking. IT used in the retail banking sector contributes to improve management performance as the evidence suggested.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.99-118
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• 2012

본 연구는 2000년대에 들어 한국의 은행 구조조정과 중국의 은행개혁의 성과를 비교분석해보고, 특히 중국 금융시장의 완전개방 시기를 맞아 한국 은행들의 경쟁력 존재여부 및 경쟁력 향상에 영향을 주는 요인을 도출해보고자 한다. 그리하여 본 연구는 중국의 15개 은행과 한국의 13개 은행을 대상으로 효율성을 측정하고, 은행효율성의 영향요인이 무엇인지 실증분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과와 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 국가별 효율성을 측정한 결과, 한국 상업은행들의 효율성이 중국 상업은행보다 높게 나타났지만, 중국 상업은행은 매년 증가세를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 은행 효율성의 영향요인이 무엇인지를 한국과 중국 전체표본으로 분석한 결과, 은행규모, 자산의 안정성, 소유권구조와 재무성과가 유의적인 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 중국 은행효율성의 영향요인을 분석한 결과, 소유권구조, 금융중개비율, 자산의 건전성이 유의적인 요인으로 나타났다. 넷째, 한국 은행효율성의 영향요인을 분석한 결과, 재무성과와 자산의 안정성이 유의적인 요인으로 나타났다. 실증분석의 결과를 토대로 한국과 중국 은행산업의 현재 문제점을 규명할 수 있으며, 또한 한국의 은행, 정부에 은행산업에 경쟁력 향상을 위한 시사점을 제시하였다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.747-757
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• 2020

This study investigates the impact of bank regulation and supervision on the efficiency of banking sectors on 108 Islamic banks from 26 countries offering Islamic banking and finance products and services. The technical efficiencies of individual Islamic banks have been analyzed using the data envelopment analysis method (DEA). The ordinary least square estimation method is employed to examine the impact of country supervision and regulation on the technical efficiency of Islamic banks. The empirical findings suggest that supervisory power, activity restrictions and private monitoring positively influence the efficiency of Islamic banks. The study revealed that Islamic banks that are operating in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and middle-income countries are more technically efficient given the less stringent rules on capital requirement and we found that there is statistically significant evidence that higher capital requirements are negatively associated with the efficiency of Islamic banks. The empirical findings of this study are expected to help policy-makers and government officials to better understand how their decisions affect the performance.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.629-641
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• 2006

The objectives of this study were to: (a) examine the overall operating conditions of both government-dominant and non-governmental food bank programs, (b) understand the operational management attributes on the target based on IPA (importance performance analysis) (c) analyze the present status of donating management, and (d) suggest a direction based on the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of food banks in each part. The random samples of 120 food bank operators were selected by a proportionate stratified random sampling method. A total of 60 government-dominant food banks and 25 non-governmental food banks were analyzed. The main results of this study were as follows: Accord-ing to the Importance-Performance Analysis of operational management, 'assistance for operating funds' and 'deployment of experience staff' were placed at 'Focus Here'. There was a great shortage of experienced staff with food bank-specific knowledge. The average number of the government-dominant and non-governmental food bank program employees was 0.29 and 0.30 respectively, while the ratios of employees with other jobs were 0.96 and 0.83 respectively. Shortages of refrigeration facilities were an area that needs to be addressed. While 51.6% of donated food required cold storage, only 45% of government-dominant and 60% of non-governmental food bank programs had refrigeration facilities. Most of food bank operators (96.3%) were required to visit the donators' locations to pick up the donated foods. And the foods were distributed to the people in need, especially to the livelihood protectee.