• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.64 no.4
• /
• pp.505-513
• /
• 2021

Objective : The adaptive immune response following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is not well understood. We evaluated and compared the T cell receptor (TCR) immune repertoire of good-grade and poor-grade SAH patients to elucidate the T cell immunology after ictus. Methods : Peripheral blood from six SAH patients was collected at two different times, admission and at the 7-day follow-up. Composition and variation of the TCR β-chain (TCRB) complimentary determining regions (CDR) 3 repertoire was examined using high-throughput sequencing; the analysis was based on sampling time and disease severity (good vs. poor-grade SAH). Results : Clonality at admission and follow-up were 0.059 (0.037-0.038) and 0.027 (0.014-0.082) (median, 25th-75th percentile). Poor-grade SAH (0.025 [0.011-0.038]) was associated with significantly lower clonality than good-grade SAH (0.095 [0.079-0.101]). Poor-grade SAH patients had higher diversity scores than good-grade SAH patients. CDR length was shorter in good-grade SAH vs. poor-grade SAH. Differences in clonotype distribution were more prominent in TCRBV gene segments than TCRBJ segments. TCRBV19-01/TCRBJ02-04 and TCRBV28-01/TCRBJ02-04 were the most increased and the most decreased V-J pairs in the 7-day follow-up compared to admission in good-grade SAH. The most increased and decreased V-J pairs in poor-grade SAH patients were TCRBV28-01/TCRBJ02-06 and TCRBV30-01/TCRBJ02-04, respectively. Conclusion : The TCRB repertoire is dynamic in nature following SAH. TCRB repertoire may facilitate our understanding of adaptive immune response according to SAH severity.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.405-409
• /
• 2005

Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess the factors related to the outcome of 84 patients who underwent surgery for anterior communicating Artery(ACoA) aneurysms. Methods: The authors review 84 patients who were undertaken from January 1998 to May 2004. In the management of ACoA aneurysms, the outcome was based on several factors: Clinical condition, Distribution of hemorrhage, Time between aneurysmal rupture and surgery, Direction and shape of the aneurysm. Results: The incidence rate of the ACoA aneurysm was 35%. Seventy four patients were classified as those having a good recovery, but 5 patients suffered from some morbidity and 5 patients died. The rate of good outcome for the patients with Hunt and Hess grade was as follows 100% in grade I, 95% in grade II, 80% in grade III, IV and V. The rate of good outcome for the patients with Fisher grade was as follows 98% in grade I, II and 81% in grade III, IV. Nineteen of 22 patients who underwent early surgery were rated as good, while twenty six of 30 patients for whom surgery was delayed showed a favorable result. The unfavorable outcomes were also attributed by vasospasm or other medical problems. Conclusion: For further improvement of the overall surgical outcome: First, early surgical intervention is recommended for good grade patients. Second, active management of poor grade patients should be scrutinized with early surgery. Third, it is also important to step up the effort to minimize the risk of medical complications to enhance surgical results on top of the mainstay of prevention efforts for vasospasm and rebleeding.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.27-38
• /
• 2019

I reviewed about dyeing fastness and functional properties of the non-mordant dyed cotton and iron mordant dyed cotton with astringent persimmon juice. In the UV-VIS spectrum of astringent persimmon juice, the maximum absorption wavelength of the juice was 272.0 nm, which was a characteristic peak of tannin. In dyeing fastness, light fastness of the non-mordant dyed cotton was a little low at grade 2~3. But by the iron mordant treatment, the light fastness was good at grade 4. Dry cleaning fastness to discoloration and contamination was excellent at grade 4~5 for both the non-mordant dyed cotton and iron-mordant dyed cotton. Their rub fastness were grade 3 and grade 2~3 respectively, in the dry condition, and grade 2~3 and grade 3 respectively, in the wet condition. In the perspiration fastness of the non-mordant dyed cotton, the discoloration from acidity and alkalinity was grade 3~4 and grade 3, respectively, and contamination from acidity and alkalinity was relatively good at grade 4. Meanwhile, in the perspiration fastness of the non-mordant dyed cotton, discoloration from acidity and alkalinity was fair, both recording grade 3~4, and contamination from acidity and alkalinity was very good, both recording grade 4~5. In the ultraviolet protection effect of the non-mordant dyed cotton and iron-mordant dyed cotton, the ultraviolet protection factor was both 50+, both of which showed an excellent ultraviolet blocking effect. And the protection rate of UV-A appeared 98.4% and 99.1%, respectively, and the protection rate of UV-B showed 98.7% and 99.2, respectively. In addition, both exhibited an excellent deodorization rate over 99.9% or more, irrespective of the passage of time. Also, both showed an excellent antimicrobial activity over 99.9% or more against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.36-39
• /
• 2006

Objective : The present study attempts to address the change of management results over time during the past 13 years in good-grade patients with intracranial aneurysm. Methods : Six hundred twenty five [Hunt-Hess grade I to III] out of 826 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms operated by the same operator within 3 days after the attack from 1990 to 2002 were selected. Since 1998, endovascular aneurysmal occlusion was done in selected cases of 21 patients. The change of management results over time, including rebleeding rate, delayed ischemic neurologic deficit[DIND] as a cause of morbidity and mortality and surgical outcome were examined. Results : The ratio of poor-grade patients in all patients tended to decrease over the years. The early rebleeding rate declined from 5.0% to 1.2% with the use of tranexamic acid and computed tomography angiogram DIND as a cause of mortality and morbidity has decreased from 12.5% in 1990 to approximately 0% currently. Surgical outcome began to improve significantly in 1994 [poor outcome : 25% in 1990, 12.2% in 1994,6.8% in 2002]. Conclusion : These results suggest that the advances in care and increased experience of the operator significantly affect the change of overall outcome, and early detection of the aneurysm is needed for reducing the ratio of poor-grade patients.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.80-84
• /
• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to assess the efficacy of a bioabsorbable polylactide (PLA) plate and screw for treating injuries of ankle fractures. Materials and Methods: 24 patients who underwent an open reduction and internal fixation operation for ankle fractures from July 2005 to March 2007 were enrolled into the study. There were 15 men and 9 women. The average age of the patients was 44 years and the average follow-up period was 16 years and two months (16.2 months). All cases were divided into low grade fracture patient (11) who belongs in type A and B of Danis-Weber classification and high grade fracture patient (13) who belongs in type C1, C2 of Danis-Weber classification, and each groups were analyzed by clinical (Meyer score) and radiological finding at the time of their last follow-up evaluation. Results: The clinical results according to Meyer scoring system, showed that all patient with low grade fracture had good to excellent result, but only 54% of patient with high grade fracture had good to excellent result. According to Cedell's radiologic finding, there were 91% cases above fair in low grade fracture. But there were 62% of patient above fair result in high grade fracture, the reduction losses were seen in 38% of patient with high grade fracture. Conclusion: Bioabsorbable PLA plate and screw is good internal fixation device which doesn't have additional operation for removal of implant because of slow absorption within the human body. It showed sufficient strength for acquisition and maintenance of reduction in low grade fracture, but need attention to use because of many cases of reduction loss in high grade fracture. So, it seems to be safe and effective when used in heeling of low grade fracture under considering about type of fracture sufficiently.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate associations between the morphology score of blastocysts and blastocoele re-expansion speed after warming with clinical outcomes, which could assist in making correct and cost-effective decisions regarding the appropriate time to vitrify blastocysts and to transfer vitrified-warmed blastocysts. Methods: A total of 327 vitrified-warmed two-blastocyst transfer cycles in women 38 years old and younger were included in this retrospective study. Results: The clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and implantation rate (IR) of transfers of two good-morphology grade 4 blastocysts vitrified on day 5 (64.1% and 46.8%, respectively) were significantly higher than the CPR and IR associated with the transfers of two good-morphology grade 3 blastocysts vitrified on day 5 (46.7% and 32.2%, respectively). No significant differences were found in the CPR and IR among the transfers of two good-morphology grade 4 blastocysts regardless of the day of cryopreservation. Logistic regression analysis showed that blastocoele reexpansion speed after warming was associated with the CPR. Conclusion: The selection of a good-morphology grade 4 blastocyst to be vitrified could be superior to the choice of a grade 3 blastocyst. Extending the culture of grade 3 blastocysts and freezing grade 4 or higher blastocysts on day 6 could lead to a greater likelihood of pregnancy. Since re-expansion was shown to be a morphological marker of superior blastocyst viability, blastocysts that quickly re-expand after warming should be prioritized for transfer.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.237-245
• /
• 2005

We investigated the water environmental assessment by the species biotic index (SBI) of freshwater fish at the Namdaecheon in Gangneung city, Gangweon-do during June and July in 2004 and June in 2005. In fish fauna, 29 species and 10 families were collected. Dominant species was Zacco platypus (relative abundance 15.33%) and subdominant species was Rhynchocypris steindachneri (13.13%). Species biotic index (SBI) in station 1, 2, 3, 4 was 1.70, 2.85, 1.00 and 3.39 respectively and water environmental grade by SBI was all very good. Station 5 was 4.13 in SBI and good grade. Station 6 was 4.47 and fairly good. Station 7 was 7.25 and poor. And station 8 was 8.10 and very poor grade. Results of water environmental grade by SBI and water quality grade were very similar in this stream.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.333-347
• /
• 1988

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between nutrient status, and bone mineral state which influenced by aging process. The subjects were 196 people over 65 years old(male 72, female124). The present dietary intake was estimated by the 24-hr, recall method, and individual dietary history concerning consumption of meat, fish and dairy products was obtained by questionaires. The syndrome of senility including seniliy was evaluated according to "Cornell Medical Index". The five subjects who showed 'Good' grade in bone senility, and five subjects who showed 'Risk' and 'Danger' grade were selected and their spine and femur bone density was measured by "Dual Photon Absorptiometry". The bone density measurement showed that the subjects with 'Good' grade in bone senility had bone density above that of normal person, and their nutrient status were satisfactory, whereas the subjects with 'Risk' and 'Danger' grade in bone senility had severe osteoporotic pattern, and their nutrient status were very poor. The food consumption score showed that the subject with higher intake of meat rather than milk had good grade in bone senility (p<0.05). Therefore, past meats consumption can be considered to be a significant factor in the present bone status. The nutrient intakes appeared to be significant factors in bone status in male, whereas there was little effect of nutrients intakes in female. Therefore, the risk of osteoporosis can increase as syndrome of bone senility and nutrient intakes were worse, and its is possible to evaluate bone status and predict osteoporosis simply from informations concerning syndrome of bone senility and nutrient intakes in old population over 65.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.375-379
• /
• 2005

Rarely, rupture of a cerebral aneurysm causes an acute subdural hematoma(SDH) in addition to subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH). We report clinical and radiological characteristics of five cases, as well as potential pitfalls in the diagnosis and the treatment of this life-threatening condition. The patients ranged in age from 42 to 76 years. The Hunt-Hess grade on admission was grade III in one patient, grade IV in two, and grade V in two. All five patients un-derwent one-stage operation (both SDH evacuation and clipping of the aneurysm). The outcome was good recovery in two patients, persistent vegetative state in two, and death in one. Patients with a good outcome had a better Hunt-Hess grade on admission, with less amount of SDH.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.253-260
• /
• 2003

In this study, the feasibility of magnetic resonance techniques for nondestructive internal quality evaluation of Korean red ginseng was examined. Relaxation time constants were measured using various grades of red ginsengs. Solid state magnetic resonance imaging technique was applied to image dried red ginsengs which have low moisture contents (about 13%). A 7 tesla magnetic resonance imaging system operating at a proton resonant frequency of 300 ㎒ was used for acquiring MR images of dried Korean red ginseng. The comparison test of cross cut digital images and magnetic resonance images of heaven grade, good grade with cavity inside, and good grade with white part inside red ginseng suggested the feasibility of the internal quality evaluation of Korean red ginsengs using MRI techniques. A good grade red ginseng included abnormal tissues such as cavities or white parts inside was observed by the signal intensity of MR image based on magnetic resonance properties of proton nucleus. Analysis on an one dimensional profile of acquired MR image of Korean red ginseng showed easy discrimination of normal and abnormal tissues. MR techniques suggested ways to detect internal defects of red ginsengs effectively.