• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.72-75
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• 2012

PURPOSE. This study evaluated the existence of golden proportion between the widths of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth in Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The clinical tooth width measurements were recorded with the digital vernier calipers on 576 patients of both sexes in the age group of 21 - 30 years. Flexible ruler was used to determine the width of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth on the patients by the same operator. The data obtained was statistically analyzed using paired student t-test (${\alpha}$=.05). RESULTS. The golden proportion was not found between the width of the right central and lateral incisors in 53% of women and 47% of men. The results revealed the golden percentage was rather inconstant in terms of relative tooth width. CONCLUSION. The golden proportion is an inappropriate method to relate the successive widths of the maxillary anterior teeth in Indian population.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제40권
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• pp.20.1-20.10
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• 2018

Background: In the absence of clear guidelines for facial aesthetic surgery, most surgeons rely on expert intuitive judgement when planning aesthetic and reconstructive surgery. One of the most famous theories regarding "ideal" facial proportions is that of the golden proportion. However, there are conflicting opinions as to whether it can be used to assess facial attractiveness. The aim of this investigation was to assess facial ratios of professional black models and to compare the ratios with the golden proportion. Methods: Forty photographs of male and female professional black models were collected. Observers were asked to assign a score from 1 to 10 (1 = not very attractive, 10 = very attractive). A total of 287 responses were analysed for grading behaviour according to various demographic factors by two groups of observers. The best graded photographs were compared with the least well-graded photographs to identify any differences in their facial ratios. The models' facial ratios were calculated and compared with the golden proportion. Results: Differences in grading behaviour were observed amongst the two assessment groups. Only one out of the 12 facial ratios was not significantly different from the golden proportion. Conclusions: Only one facial ratio was observed to be similar to the golden proportion in professional model facial photographs. No correlation was found between facial ratios in professional black models with the golden proportion. It is proposed that an individualistic treatment for each ratio is a rather better method to guide future practice.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.93-106
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• 1987

The purpose of this study was to investigate the fittness of Golden relation items was advocated by Ricketts whether or not it is applicable to the young adult Korean dentitions and also to evaluate the several new Golden relation items conducted by the author. The material was consisted of 81 dental casts (34 male, 47 female) with ideal occlusion, which never undergone orthodontic, prosthodontic procedures. Measurements were made on the arch dimensions using sliding caliper (Mitutoyo. Co) and data were computerized and analyzed. The findings of this study were as follows, 1. The Golden proportion advocated by Ricketts dose not seem to directly applicable to the Korean normal dentition, however, the modification from the Ricketts' original shows the Golden proportion as follow: A first series of progressive Golden relations was found on the Golden ratio among the lower central incisors width, the inter mesioincisal width of the upper lateral incisors, and the upper first premolars width. A second series was found on the Golden ratio among the lower lateral incisors width, lower inter canine tips width and theupper first molar distal cusp tips width. A third series was found on the Golden ratio between the inter distal aspect width of e lower canine and the mesial cusp tips width of the lower second molars or inter cusp tips width of upper second premolars. 2. In addition to Ricketts' original, 4 new Golden proportions were found in young adult Korean dentition, these are as follows; The tips of lower canine width had Golden relation with the width of the upper first premolar buccal cusp tips or the width of the lower first molar central fossae. The distal aspect of the lower first premolars had Golden relation with the buccal surface widths of the lower or upper second molars. The width of upper lateral incisors had Golden relation with the upper second molar height. The width of the lower canine tips had Golden relation with the lower second molar height.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2000

아름다움을 향한 미적 규칙과 질서들 가운데에서도 특히, 고전적인 비례인 황금분할비례는 현재에도 유효한 것인가\ulcorner 또한 현대산업화 과정 속에서 나타나는 기능적인 ${\surd}$직사각형 비례가 이전의 아름다움을 대체할 수 있는 것인가\ulcorner 가 본 연구의 중심이다. 디자인 전공대학생 200명을 대상으로 1차 현대적 비례인 ${\surd}$직사각형의 기본등비수열들의 비교조사와 2차 ${\surd}$직사각형과 황금분할비례의 선호비례조사 등 2차에 걸쳐 전개된 설문의 결과는 ${\surd}$직사각형들의 비례에서 1 : 1.414의 ${\surd}$2직사각형 가로비례에 가장 높은 선호도를 나타내고 있으며 황금분할비례와 대비한 선호도에서는 황금분할비례가 약간 우수한 선호율을 나타냄으로서 경제적 효율성을 갖는 기능적인 비례인 ${\surd}$2직사각형 가로비례가 고전적 미적 기준인 황금분할비례를 대체하지 못하고 있음을 확인하였다.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.71-82
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• 2010

The golden ratio is a mysterious number that surprisingly appears in science, physics, mathematics, as well as in nature. The number 1.618 seems to be a universal constant, and crops up whenever the subject is of beauty or elegance. Beautiful flowers and sea shells and also attractive people have a common number and that is 1.618 or $\varphi$ (phi). This paper does a study into the story of phi, and describes how the golden ratio is derived. Artists, architects and designers have employed the ratio into dimensioning their works of art to achieve visual appeal. Examples such as the Greek Parthenon of the Acropolis and paintings such as the Last Supper all use this magic number. An investigation was conducted among 50 people to test if looking at golden proportioning was actually appealing, or if it was just a type among overzealous enthusiasts. The results show that the golden ratio may actually be of some use.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.125-130
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• 2016

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of changes in the horizontal plane angle on the mesiodistal width ratios of the maxillary anterior teeth during the acquisition of frontal view photographs, derive these ratios for Korean adults on the basis of the data obtained, and analyze them using the Golden Proportion as a reference. MATERIALS AND METHODS. In experiment I, 30 plaster casts were mounted on an articulator and positioned on the angle-measuring device with a center setting of $0^{\circ}$. The device was rotated to $10^{\circ}$ in $1^{\circ}$ increments in a counterclockwise direction. At each angle, photographs were obtained and analyzed. Experiment II was based on 60 patients who visited the Department of Prosthodontics at Kyungpook National University Dental Hospital from February 2012 to February 2015. The patients were divided into three groups [Male (M), Female (F), Total (M + F)]. Frontal views were obtained for all groups and analyzed. RESULTS. From $1^{\circ}$ to $10^{\circ}$, the relative mesiodistal width ratios for the maxillary anterior teeth showed no significant differences from those at $0^{\circ}$. In all three groups, the relative width ratio of the maxillary central incisor was smaller than that specified in the Golden Proportion; the opposite was true for the canine. CONCLUSION. Our results suggest that the mesiodistal width ratios of the maxillary anterior teeth do not follow the Golden Proportion in Korean adults, and that a change in the horizontal plane angle from $1^{\circ}$ to $10^{\circ}$ during frontal photography does not affect these ratios.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2002

'제품디자인에 있어서 황금비례의 적용이 가능한가' 라는 논제에 대하여 기존의 연구들이 이에 대한 의견의 일치를 보이고 있지 못하고 있다. 아울러 기존연구들에서는 과연 비례란 무엇이며 또한 어떻게 이해하고 접근해야 하는가라는 문제에 대해서도 명확한 해답을 내리고 있지 못하고 있다. 이에 대하여 본 연구는 실험 설계와 설문조사를 통하여 다양한 비례의 유형을 파악하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 따르면 제품유형마다 상이한 비례구조를 지니고 있으며 따라서 비례는 단순히 일차원적인 심미적 요소로만 다루어져서는 안된다. 이러한 비례의 유형에 대한 고찰은 '제품디자인에 있어서 황금 비례의 적용이 가능한가'라는 주제에 대한 해답을 제시해 줄 수 있으며 실무적으로도 심미적 조형요소로서 비례를 다루는데 있어서 바람직한 제품디자인접근법에 대한 유용한 통찰력을 제시해 줄 수 을 것으로 예상된다. 또한 소비자의 특성에 따라 선호하는 비례구조가 다르기 때문에 소비자의 특성을 체계적으로 분류한다면 틈새시장 공략 등 성공적인 디자인전략을 수행할수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.43-54
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• 2006

본고에서는 $\ulcorner$자연$\cdot$인간, 그리고 황금분할 I$\lrcorner$([1])의 후속연구로 인간의 미의식과 정신적 모형과 약 1백만 년 전 석기시대의 주먹 돌도끼에 나타나는 황금비와, 오늘날도 다방면에서 선호하여 사용되어지고 있는 황금비에 관하여 연구한다. 연구결과 특히 1백만 년 전의 주먹 돌도끼는 인류가 당시에 후일의 예술과 수학의 전제조건이 되는 중요한 능력을 가지고 있었다는 것을 보여주는 것이었으며, 펜, 종이, 자 등의 도움 없이도 정신적인 모형이 존재하여 기본적인 수학적 변환을 가능하게 하였음을 보여준다. 다양한 크기의 주먹도끼를 동일한 황금비를 유지하면서 제작하였다는 것은 수십만 년 후에 나타난 유클리드의 $\ulcorner$기하학 원론$\lrcorner$에서 다루어진 원리를 최초로 보여준 예라고 생각된다.

• 감성과학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2002

The aims of the study are first, in other to meet the demand for a new product design process, to review the prototype theory and to find out the conceptual structure of product aesthetics, which is another properly thought to be as important as the typical pattern in an effort to patch up the theory second to help designers overcome the limits of idea generation and create consumer oriented designs with a high success rate by setting up a new product design process that is established through the application of the aesthetically influential factor 'proportion'based on the preceeding studies that tested product aesthetics measuring devices. In other words, this study tries to find out product categories, making use of the prototype theory to introduce an ideal proportion for product design, recognizing the importance of proportion by conducting product pattern analysis: to create a differentiated method that can product consumer oriented designs, even if it only manipulate proportion and to establish a new design process that can systematically explain the methodology for various form generation that applies proportion. This study reviews the theoretical aspects of concepts pertaining to the above … and, based on them, empirically tests them by patting to use the programs, for proportion manipulation. This study was conducted in the following way: To begin with, this study takes out proportion out of some aesthetically influential factors that has a great impact on the way consumers prefer certain product designs and tries to see how proportion affects the consumer preference when consumers select a product. In addition, we could analyze the difference between the ideal proportion that consumers prefer and the traditional golden proportion produced through theoretical studies. The correlations between preferred proportion and ideal proportion, and preferred proportion and golden proportion could be shown. In order that we may create form variations through more detailed proportion manipulation on the basis of the ideal proportion verified as preferable, we again applied the proportion factor to the process utilizing PDS(proportion Distortion System). In the way the restraint of form generation could be pursued. All in all, this study makes an attempt to set up a design process to create new product forms through the application of Proportion.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate harmonious color schemes based on a length proportion of upper and lower parts of a body by; understanding of the harmonious length proportion of a square measure of a color in color coordination of fashion design, and presenting a mutual relation of the length proportion of a square measure of a color according to the various way of color schemes and proportions. For this study, monochromatic scheme, analogous scheme and complementary scheme were adapted as the color schemes, and each color scheme was coordinated by analogous tone and contrast tone. Also, 1:1 symmetry proportion, 1:2 harmonic proportion, 1:1.618 golden section, 1:3 and 1:5 contrast proportion were used as the square measure of a color. For the survey, 12 sets of color sample were organized. The survey was conducted 182 of university students majored in fashion design, and 143 responded samples were analyzed using SPSS 12. The result of the study is as follows: 1:5 contrast proportion is most inharmonious in general, and 1:1 symmetry proportion is followed. It is thought that too much or same length of the square measure of colors has less attractive effect of coloring. On the other hand, 1:1.618 golden section and 1:2 harmonic proportion are accepted to be harmonious in all color schemes. The length proportion of the square measure of a color had more influence on harmony of color coordination in fashion design rather than color schemes. Though, on the assumption that people have a similar perception about the color image of fashion design, it will play an important role in strengthening or diminution of color in cloth if the coloring effect of the length proportion of the square measure of a color is used in fashion design and wearing of clothes.