• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.11-17
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• 2022

Emergency transport is directly related to the life of the patient, and rapid transport to the hospital is crucial. However, external environmental factors such as traffic or weather, interfere with hospital transport. In this study, we investigated the external environment affecting hospital transport time. We examined the transfer time and patient treatment time of emergency patients in an area of northern Gyeonggi-do from 2018 to 2020. Diagnosis after arrival at the hospital was used, and on-site treatment time was measured from paramedic arrival time at the scene to departure. Furthermore, we examined whether there was a correlation between the time paramedics left the scene and hospital arrival time through the reason for the delay as recorded in the emergency log. Traffic jams had the greatest impact on patient transport, while transport delays occurred due to heavy rain, but not snow. Among injured patients, electrical accidents were the most problematic in terms of on-site treatment time. This was because a lot of first aid is needed in electrical accidents. It must be necessary to mobilize two ambulances in an emergency through the expansion of infrastructure, prepare a plan for rapid transport in heavy rain, and implement strong laws against transport obstruction.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.224-227
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• 2024

In Korea, helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) with a physician on board were introduced in September 2011, funded by both central and regional governments. HEMS was integrated into the Korean emergency medical system to address the need for EMS in remote rural areas. The present report describes 16-month-old twins who fell from the fifth floor of an apartment building, located approximately 100 km from the nearest level I trauma center. Utilizing HEMS along with initial emergency management by an emergency physician, the patients were transported to the level I trauma center within the critical "golden hour." The children had sustained multiorgan injuries. Without intervention at the scene by an emergency physician, a fatal outcome was anticipated for both children. With the use of HEMS, one patient died, but the other survived with a good prognosis. The use of HEMS flights with an emergency physician on board may improve outcomes for pediatric patients with severe trauma in medically underserved rural areas.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.105-109
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• 2012

The gag reflex is a physiological reaction, but, an exaggerated gag reflex can be a severe limitation not only to treat dental caries but also to do oral exam. Procedures such as surface anesthesia of the palate and pharyngeral area, sedation, or general anesthesia can be options as behavioral management. But, there are no golden rule for the sever gag reflex patients. We present a case report of propofol intravenous sedation using TCI pump for simple dental treatment. A 44-year-old man, who had past history of general anesthesia for dental treatment because of severe gag reflex, was scheduled intravenous sedation for simple dental treatment. After 8 hour fasting he entered the clinic for persons with disabilities. We explained about intravenous deep sedation and got informed consent. First, we kept intravenous catheter (22G) in the arm and started monitoring ECG, non-invasive blood pressure, pulse oximetry and end-tidal $CO_2$ through nasal cannula. We started propofol infusion with TCI pump at the target concentration of 3 mcg/ml. The patient became sedated, but he showed involuntary movement during dental treatment, so we increased the target concentration to 4 mcg/ml. We finished the dental treatment without complications during 30 min. And after 40 min recovery room stay he was discharged without any complications.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.78-86
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• 2006

Coffee extract dyeing on silk fabric using various mordanting agents at different mordanting condition was studied in our previous research. Coffee extract dyeing can exert beautiful colors and have several advantages over the conventional natural dyeing. Since most of natural dyes are expensive for mass production, strongly season and source dependent, and hard to store, and therefore, coffee waste was used as natural dye to create beautiful colors in this study. Coffee waste is inexpensive and easy to store, and provide a comparatively regular quality regardless of season and source. The effects of dyeing condition such as dyeing temperature, dyeing time, and liquor ratio on dyeing characteristics of silk fabrics were investigated. Coffee extract dyed silk showed brilliant colors, and the colors were different with the kind of mordant. Cu, Sn, and Al mordanted silks showed golden yellow with subtle change of hue and value, while Fe mordanted silk showed a brownish green color upon coffee extract dyeing. As the dyeing temperature increased, the dyeability generally increased in all mordanted silk fabrics except Fe mordanted silk until $45^{\circ}C$. The dyeing temperature did not affect the dyeability of Fe mordanted silk fabric. As the liquor ratio increased, the dyeability showed a gradual increase in all mordanted silk except Cu mordanted silk. Cu mordanted silk fabric showed an abrupt increase in dyeability at liquor ratio1:150. The dyeing time effect can be separated into 2 stages. During the initial half an hour, the dyeability did not change significantly, and then, increased after 45 min. dyeing time duration. A further increase in dyeing time after 45 min. did not affect the dyeing efficiency in all mordanted silk fabrics except the Cu mordanted.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.415-427
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• 2021

Wetland ecosystems act as natural freshwater purification systems, but their rich biodiversity is being threatened with the introduction of the non-native freshwater snail, Pomacea canaliculata. This study was conducted to measure the herbivory effects and growth rate of P. canaliculata on common macrophytes: Ipomoea aquatica, Ipomoea batatas, Pandanus amaryllifolius and Cucurma longa. In separate experiments, the macrophyte species were served as the snails' food as individual species and simultaneously. In the individual treatment, the growth pattern and rate were based on the snails' weight (mg/snail/day; n = 9) while the individual feeding consumption (mg/snail/day) was calculated from the leftover food. In the simultaneous treatment, the herbivory effects were evaluated as the feeding preference (%) from observations every two hours, while the total feeding consumption (mg) was calculated based on the food remaining after a 12-hour experiment (3 replicates: total n = 27). The results indicated that the growth pattern was significant for snails grazing on I. aquatica but not when other macrophyte species were eaten. The individual feeding consumption was higher when using I. aquatica than P. amaryllifolius but the growth rate for snails grazing on I. aquatica and P. amaryllifolius did not differ significantly. Meanwhile, the consumption of C. longa deterred the snails' growth rate. Although the snails consumed all the macrophytes in the individual experiment, when given the species simultaneously, the feeding preference and total feeding consumption were directed significantly more toward I. aquatica than P. amaryfollius and C. longa. We conclude that P. canaliculata is a generalist feeder given a limited choice of food but tends to show a strong feeding preference after being introduced to more food choices. These findings indicate that the introduction of P. canaliculata into wetland ecosystems may increase the herbivory effects on macrophytes, making these ecosystems vulnerable to the impact of eutrophication and biodiversity reduction.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.402-410
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to eliminate communication shadowing loss of the 'smart safety management system'. The 'smart safety management system' can monitor and relay real time data of workers working in high risk workplace (i.e: industrial scene, disaster scene). The data will provide the rescue team the 'golden hour' in their rescue operations. Method: In this research, safety tag was designed and implemented so that it acts as a repeater for the user. Result: In other words, when communication in-between the safety tag and headquarters' communication terminal is jeopardized, the safety tag will act as a repeater-terminal for other safety tags in the area. Conclusion: The research tested if a specific building with communication shadowing loss problem was resolved when safety tags were implemented. Communication shadowing was first identified in-between the safety tag and headquarters' communication terminal. When extra safety tags were deployed in the same situation, the results showed that the communication shadowing loss was resolved. The repeater safety tags could resolve communication shadowing loss of up to three basement levels in this test building.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.667-674
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• 2023

In the event of a disaster occurring within a building, the prompt and efficient evacuation and rescue of occupants within the building becomes the foremost priority to minimize casualties. For the purpose of such rescue operations, it is essential to ascertain the distribution of individuals within the building. Nevertheless, there is a primary dependence on accounts provided by pertinent individuals like building proprietors or security staff, alongside fundamental data encompassing floor dimensions and maximum capacity. Consequently, accurate determination of the number of occupants within the building holds paramount significance in reducing uncertainties at the site and facilitating effective rescue activities during the golden hour. This research introduces a methodology employing computer vision algorithms to count the number of occupants within distinct building locations based on images captured by installed multiple CCTV cameras. The counting methodology consists of three stages: (1) establishing virtual Lines of Interest (LOI) for each camera to construct a multi-camera network environment, (2) detecting and tracking people within the monitoring area using deep learning, and (3) aggregating counts across the multi-camera network. The proposed methodology was validated through experiments conducted in a five-story building with the average accurary of 89.9% and the average MAE of 0.178 and RMSE of 0.339, and the advantages of using multiple cameras for occupant counting were explained. This paper showed the potential of the proposed methodology for more effective and timely disaster management through common surveillance systems by providing prompt occupancy information.