• Title/Summary/Keyword: Goguryeo

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An Archaeological Review of the Inscribed Bricks Excavated from the Tomb of Jang Mui: A Focus on the Collection of the National Museum of Korea (장무이묘 출토 명문전(銘文塼)의 고고학적 검토 -국립중앙박물관 소장품을 중심으로)

  • Lee Nakyung
    • Bangmulgwan gwa yeongu (The National Museum of Korea Journal)
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    • v.1
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    • pp.36-73
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    • 2024
  • The Tomb of Jang Mui located in Bongsan-gun, Hwanghae-do Province has attracted much attention since its first investigation due to the inscribed bricks found there that have allowed the guessing of the name and official title of its occupant and construction date. Inscriptions on these bricks, such as the "Prefect of Daebang Commandery Jang Mui" and the "Mu" (戊, the fifth sign of the Chinese calendar), and "Sin" (申, the ninth sign of the Chinese zodiac), have become the basis for believing the location of the government office of Daebang Commandery to be in Bongsangun, Hwanghae-do Province rather than somewhere in the Hangang River region. From the early days of its investigation, the tomb was suggested as historic remains of the Daebang Commandery along with the Earthen Fortress in Jitap-ri. Inscribed bricks excavated from the Tomb of Jang Mui were featured in several books and articles in the form of photographs and rubbings, leading to a vast body of studies on its construction period and the characteristics of its occupant that drew upon interpretations of the inscriptions. However, the inscribed bricks themselves were not publicly available outside those held in the collection of the University of Tokyo, making it difficult to expect consistent research findings on the types of inscribed bricks and their contents. Following previous studies re-examining the structure of the tomb and the materials used for its construction, most scholars dated the Tomb of Jang Mui to 348, a period after the collapse of Daebang Commandery. However, there is still a lack of adequate examination of the bricks, which account for the majority of the artifacts excavated from the tomb. Among the bricks excavated from most brick chamber tombs, including the Tomb of Jang Mui, only those with inscriptions or designs have been collected. Moreover, among these, only those with inscriptions or designs on the stretcher faces have been documented. Accordingly, the bricks themselves have been notably understudied. This paper intends to reorganize the contents of the inscriptions on eleven types (out of sixty-one pieces) of bricks in the collection of the National Museum of Korea, which make up the majority of the bricks excavated from the Tomb of Jang Mui. It also classified them according to their shapes. Furthermore, it examined the bricks from the Tomb of Jang Mui as architectural materials by focusing on their production techniques, including their forming, drying, and firing. Taking a more specific approach, it then compared the results to other bricks from the second century through the fourth century: those from the brick chamber tombs of the Nangnang and Daebang Commanderies and those from the brick chamber tombs built after Nangnang and Daebang Commanderies were ousted. The examination of bricks from the Tomb of Jang Mui has revealed that these bricks were basically produced using the brick manufacturing techniques of Nangnang, but they incorporated new elements found in bricks from brick chamber tombs or brick-and-stone chamber tombs constructed around the mid-fourth century in terms of their size, the use of lime, and the number of inscribed bricks. This supports the prevailing view that the date of the construction of the Tomb of Jang Mui is 348. The Tomb of Jang Mui sustained the existing brick chamber tomb burial tradition, but its ceiling was finished with stone. It demonstrates a blending of the brick chamber tomb practice of the Nangnang and Daebang Commanderies by using bricks produced based on related techniques, but with new elements such as the addition of a lime layer to the bricks. This fusion reflects the political circumstances of its time, such as the expulsion of the Daebang Commandery and the advance of the Goguryeo Kingdom, leading to diverse interpretations. Given archaeological evidence such as the structure, materials, and location of the tomb, the Tomb of Jang Mui appears to be highly related to the Goguryeo Kingdom. However, the forms of the inscribed bricks and the contents of the inscriptions share similarities with brick chamber tombs constructed during the third and fourth centuries in the Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions in China. Further studies on whether the use of lime was an influence from Goguryeo or a continuation of the Daebang tradition and a comparative examination with contemporaneous stone ceiling tombs will provide a more refined understanding of the Tomb of Jang Mui.

Jacquard Patterns Inspired by Excavated Relics of Baekje Dynasty (백제왕조 출토유물 이미지를 활용한 자카드직물 문양)

  • Kim, Byeong-Mee;Lee, Mi-Ja
    • Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.141-148
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    • 2007
  • As Backje(B.C. 18-A.D. 600) is the whole area of Chungcheong, Jeonra, Kangwon and Gyeongsang provinces, the son of the founder of Goguryeo, King Onjoe, making the castle Wu'irae capital of the nation, founded Backje. The capital was transferred to Hansung by B.C. 5 and then to Gongju by A.D. 475. Backje governed the east of China and the northeastern coast. Due to the effect of Chinese culture there are remarkably Chinese cultural elements in dress and its ornament of Baekje. Therefore on the side of cultural part, the noble culture was formed more polished than that of Goguryeo, which affected the culture of dress and ornament. And also there were class differentiation noticeably. Baekje created splendid culture and affected the culture development of Shinra and Japan. The motive of culture creation could be the top of three countries in the foreign trade because there were geographically the widest vast plain and coastline which stretches out from north to south. Although there haven't been many materials about the cultural heritage and records more than other countries, through the modern visual point its design is fresh and more elegant those of other countries. But the fact is that there are few materials related to Baekje. What is worse, there rarely remains all original form and most of them are broken and lost. According1y, we cannot understand not only an original form of Baekje culture and but also the meaning included in it. It goes without saying that there are few materials about the clothes and fabrics. As understanding the culture of Baekje itself is insufficient, a culture enterprise utilizing it - to improve both the added value and economical achievement while combining the latest culture resources with other fields - hasn't been successful. In this study, the purpose is to improve economic power through commercialization and industrialization of the sources of the culture of Baekje. By reanalyzing a form and an image of Baekje relics, it is designed with new motif and modem preference on the condition of our peculiar cultural heritage. And while using this motif with Jacquard pattern, we made it possible to be applied to real life such as interior trinkets, etc.

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The Origin and Emotion of Saekdong in Our Surroundings (주변에서 찾은 우리 색동의 기원과 감성에 대한 고찰)

  • Kim, Jisu;Na, Youngjoo
    • Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.99-114
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    • 2018
  • Saekdong is a unique Korean fabric that has been used since ancient times, and it is woven with the plain or satin weave so that vertical stripes appear by various colored warp threads of equal spacing. Saekdong means pleasure, joy, serenity, heavenly blessing, spirituality, wind, and abundance, expressing the optimistic and positive sentiment of Korea's forefathers. This study investigated how ancient Saekdong occurred with meanings. As a research method, this study used literature review and surfing newspapers and photographs, museum and internet search, even from other fields such as earthenware, bronze, and traditional dance. We collected Saekdong and the lifestyles of ethnic Koreans living in China, investigated the Asuka culture of Japan, and the tomb murals of Takamatsu-Chong, which are Baekje and Goguryeo settlement areas. The results are as follows: First, it expresses happy occasion, pleasure, and joy, and expresses a desire for good things to be repeated and lasting. Second, it symbolizes simple beauty, order, equality and harmony of many tribes. Third, Saekdong is life and power which represent a sacred, heavenly, mysterious bird. Fourth, it symbolizes abundance and wealth, rain, wind or fields. Finally, this study showed the brilliance and pride of Korean hanbok through Saekdong. The significance of this study is to examine the symbolism and inherent aesthetic characteristics of Saekdong and to show the unique value and spiritual heritage of the Korean people.

A Case Study of the Utilization of Cultural Property in Border Areas led by Local Residents - Focusing on the Horogoru Tong-il Balagi Festival in Wondang-ri, Jangnam-myeon, Yeoncheon-gun - (지역 주민주도를 통한 접경지역 문화유산 활용사례에 관한 연구 - 연천군 장남면 원당리 호로고루 통일바라기 축제를 중심으로 -)

  • LEE Sejin;PARK Kyujin;CHOI Jongtaik;LEE Donghae;KANG Sangsik
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.56 no.4
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    • pp.270-286
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    • 2023
  • This article is about the conservation and use cases of Horogoru, a Goguryeo site located in Wondang-ri, Jangnam-myeon, Yeoncheon-gun in Gyoenggi Province. After Horogoru was excavated, it was decided to build a park around it as a way to prevent damage, and also to plant sunflowers to symbolize the sun. Naming the park 'Tong-il Balagi Park', which refers to the wish for unification, local residents and other related organizations jointly opened the site. Afterwards, they looked for ways to utilize the location and park, and chose to hold the 'Tong-il Balagi Festival'. The festival is an event held under the leadership of local residents, which has the effect of promoting both conservation and cultural property, as well as generating economic benefits. In other words, the Yeoncheon-gun, Jangnam-myeon Tong-il Balagi Festival can be said to be an exemplary example of successfully overcoming various disadvantages associated with the border area near the ceasefire line through local residents' own utilization of cultural property.

The Content and Underlying Intentions of the Inscribed Bricks Excavated from the Tomb of Jang Mui (장무이묘 출토 명문전의 내용과 작성 의도)

  • An Jeongjun
    • Bangmulgwan gwa yeongu (The National Museum of Korea Journal)
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    • v.1
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    • pp.74-95
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    • 2024
  • A vast body of inscribed bricks has been found connected to the mid-fourth-century Tomb of Jang Mui in Bongsan-gun, Hwanghae-do Province. After several inspections of the bricks conducted at the National Museum of Korea in 2023, these inscribed bricks were grouped into ten types. This paper interprets in detail the phrases written on these bricks from the Tomb of Jang Mui in an attempt to understand their characteristics and intentions. This detailed interpretation facilitates a rough understanding of how each phrase relates to the others and in what order the phrases would make full sentences. In terms of their contents, these inscribed bricks are presumed to have been produced to convey information about the construction of the tomb to viewers on the outside. In particular, they relate that a narrator referred to as a Jubu official named Jo was involved in the construction of the Tomb of Jang Mui. They can be compared to the inscribed bricks created in China during the Western Jin and Eastern Jin Dynasties that were produced not by family members of the tomb occupants, but by figures who participated in the construction of the tombs based on political and social connections to their occupants. During the mid-fourth century, funeral practices in the former lands of the Nangnang and Daebang Commanderies followed Chinese traditions with the permission of Goguryeo Kingdom. Many of the artifacts found inside these Chinese-style tombs and introduced to the public, including the murals, ink inscriptions, and inscribed bricks, are related to the desire of the family members of the tomb occupants to strengthen their bonds and to share emotions and goals with settler groups. The contents of the inscribed bricks discovered from the Tomb of Jang Mui can be observed in this context.

A Comparison of the Use of Multicolored Stripes in Tibetan Folk Costumes and the Traditional Korean Saekdong

  • Kim, Ji-Soo;Na, Young-Joo
    • Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.91-102
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    • 2019
  • Tibet has a long history and many traditions that feature colorful costumes. This study analyzes the similarities and differences in the use of multicolored stripes in the Korean Saekdong (색동: stripes of many colors) and Tibetan folk costumes. The analyses were done within the framework of Tibet's cultural and religious background and the characteristics of the region's traditional costumes. For this study, literature and photographs from books and the Internet that record the history of Tibet's traditional costumes were analyzed. The results show that the use of various colorful stripes was common in the Bangjeon (帮典) apron, one of the greatest costumes in Tibetan history. A Bangjeon is made of wool of multiple colors and has horizontal lines as compared with the silk Saekdong's vertical lines. In addition, they have a multicolored striped band on the sleeves which reminds one of the traditional Korean jacket with its Saekdong sleeves. However, these multicolored stripes appear in more parts of the Saekdong (such as the hemline and front collar) when compared with contemporary Korean costumes. Moreover, the multicolored bands are noticeable in several ornaments from the time, which suggests that Tibetans and Koreans were very fond of using multicolored stripes. Costumes from the Goguryeo (高句麗) dynasty indicate that Tibetans, like the Mongols and Manchus, were very similar to Koreans as they had multicolored garments and Paji pants in common.

Applications of Satellite Imagery to Surveying Archeological Sites and Remains

  • Chin, Yong-Ok;Park, Kyoung-Yoon
    • Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.75-79
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    • 2007
  • Satellite imagery was applied to locating archeological sites and remains around northeastern areas of China, called as Manchuria, and Korean peninsular, such as Mountain Fortress of Goguryeo Dynasty era($37BC{\sim}771AD$), and firing torch and smoke beacon signal sites at mountain tops in Josun Dynasty era($1392{\sim}1910AD$) as well as burial sites below the ground level in the modern era. Information on archeological sites, fire posts and burial places could be found in various literatures, but real figures of such cultural assets have been disappearing due to land development programs and human activities in recent years. Some of these historical sites were identified in satellite images using GPS(Geographical Positioning System). Real locations of these sites would be further necessary to be verified.

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A Study on Colors in the Suhainmyuldo painted on an Old Tomb of the Ancient Kingdom of Goguryeo between the 4th and the late 6th Centuries (4세기-6세기 말 고구려 고분 벽화 수하인물도에 나타난 색채 연구)

  • Kang Eun-Sook
    • Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.15-31
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    • 2005
  • Suhainmyuldo(수하인물도) is a kind of picture which express a person under the tree and is known to be transmitted from the Middle Asia. The origin of this kind of expression is assumed to be from Iykshini(=Iygsha), the fairy of tree, in India of from the 'Tree of Life' in W. Asia, and they had in fluenced on the craft art design of Chinese art. However, Chinese art had already developed the motif of this kind in its unique way. For example, Jookrimchilhundo(죽림칠현도: seven wise men in bamboo forest), during Six Dynasty. The tree of life(arbor vitae, lignum viate), the origin of the Painting of figure under a tree(수하인물도), was spreaded in several regions around the center of Mesopotamia early, and them transmitted to Sasan dynasty of Persia, even to Islam, Byzantine, Romanesque, ancient East Asia. The mural painting found in the 4th Tongu Ogoe tomb, which was created after the 5th Tongu Ogoe tomb, used Obangsaek more than the 5th tomb painting did. (The term Obansaek refers to the five Korean traditional colors consisted of yellow, blue, white, red and black) The mural painting on the 4th Ogoe tomb employed distinct technique to depict an object in a certain color by painting the surroundings with different primary colors, making the painting look more exotic and mysterious.

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A Study on the Hair Ornaments in the Period of the Three Kingdom States (삼국시대 머리 장신구에 대한 연구)

  • 김문자
    • The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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    • v.9 no.5
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    • pp.712-722
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    • 2001
  • The purpose of this study is to classify of the Hair ornaments in old tombs of the Three Kingdom States. Hair ornaments was divided into Combs, Rod-like hairpins, Chae[;釵], Boyo[;步搖] Combs were 2 type in according to the tooth's space, wide-tooth comb[;梳] and fine-tooth comb(;比). The general name of two type was called Jeul(;櫛). Combs were excavated from the only ancient Silla tombs. Rod-like hairpins were called Gha(叉) or Jam(:簪). They were found in most of the old tombs in Goauryeo, Baekje, ancient Silla tombs. The style was L-type and embellished circular head-type. Chae(;釵) was understand Cha(:叉) that had two tongs. Chae(:釵) was generally U-type and rarely hairtweezers -type. Jakchae(;爵釵) was understand distinctive Chae(;釵) hanged with phoenix. This type was excavated from the only Baekje tombs of King of Muryeong. Boyo(;步搖) was originally a hair decoration of the northern nomadic tribes which had been introduced to the Wijin period. Boyo gained its popularity by the women in Dang Dynasty, hair ornaments were considered indicators of status and wealth. Boyo(;步搖) hair accessory features of which are suspended from a elaborate hairpin structure. Such pieces were designed to sway as their wearer walked. The bequest was not found, but we catch the Boyo(; 步搖) that was women'head decoration in painting of old tombs in Goguryeo.

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Study on the Historical Genealogy of Bulgogi - Focus on a literature review of Maekjeok, Seoryamyeok, and Neobiani - (불고기의 역사적 계보 연구 - 맥적, 설야멱, 너비아니에 대한 문헌고찰을 중심으로 -)

  • Lee, Kyou-Jin
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.34 no.6
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    • pp.671-682
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    • 2019
  • This study reviewed the literature on the changes in Maekjeok, Seoryamyeok and Neobiani. Choi Nam-sun first mentioned the Maekjeok in 「Maeilsinbo」 as a "Buyeo·Goguryeo" style meat roast in 1937. Maekjeok was assumed to be made of various kinds of meat, including wild boars, and it was seasoned and baked as a whole. Seoryamyeok is a royal food found in Uigwe of the Joseon Dynasty and meat that was also eaten in the private sector. In 1609, the ingredients for the dish were pork, but beef was later used. The recipe has been simplified since the 19th century. Neobiani is known as royal cuisine, but it does not appear in official records. The first known record thus far is 'Neobiani' in 「Siuijeonseo」. On the other hand, 'Neobuhalmi' which was presumed to be the same food as 'Neobiani', was found in a 「Dictionnaire Coreen-Francais」(1880). In addition, 'Neobiani' was found in 「A Korean-English dictionary」(1897). From Maekjeok, followed by Seoryamyeok and Neobiani, Korean roasting meat culture has a common feature of roasting pre-sauced meat, and this trait has continued to bulgogi.