• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1842-1852
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• 2003

The bulk of the world's goat population is found in South-East Asia and Africa, where goats are the major source of meat production. Unfortunately, lack of an organized goat meat industry and marketing structure in developing countries is primarily responsible for their poor export earnings compared to those in developed countries such as Australia and New Zealand. Goat meat is leaner than meat from other domestic red meat species as well as being comparable in terms of its nutritional constituents. Furthermore, there are few, if any, religious or cultural taboos limiting the consumption of goat meat. Development of a carcass grading system and a suitable infrastructure in developing countries are some of the key requirements needed to establish a sustainable goat meat industry in the world. With an increase in demand by consumers for low-fat red meat alternatives, the future of the goat meat industry looks promising.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.1140-1149
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• 2015

This research aimed to define the energy requirement of Dorper and Hu Hybrid $F_1$ ewes 20 to 50 kg of body weight, furthermore to study energy requirement changes with age and evaluate the effect of age on energy requirement parameters. In comparative slaughter trial, thirty animals were divided into three dry matter intake treatments (ad libitum, n = 18; low restricted, n = 6; high restricted, n = 6), and were all slaughtered as baseline, intermediate, and final slaughter groups, to calculate body chemical components and energy retained. In digestibility trial, twelve ewes were housed in individual metabolic cages and randomly assigned to three feeding treatments in accordance with the design of a comparative slaughter trial, to evaluate dietary energetic values at different feed intake levels. The combined data indicated that, with increasing age, the net energy requirement for maintenance ($NE_m$) decreased from $260.62{\pm}13.21$ to $250.61{\pm}11.79kJ/kg^{0.75}$ of shrunk body weight (SBW)/d, and metabolizable energy requirement for maintenance (MEm) decreased from $401.99{\pm}20.31$ to $371.23{\pm}17.47kJ/kg^{0.75}$ of SBW/d. Partial efficiency of ME utilization for maintenance ($k_m$, 0.65 vs 0.68) and growth ($k_g$, 0.42 vs 0.41) did not differ (p>0.05) due to age; At the similar condition of average daily gain, net energy requirements for growth ($NE_g$) and metabolizable energy requirements for growth ($ME_g$) for ewes during late fattening period were 23% and 25% greater than corresponding values of ewes during early fattening period. In conclusion, the effect of age upon energy requirement parameters in the present study were similar in tendency with previous recommendations, values of energy requirement for growth ($NE_g$ and $ME_g$) for Dorper and Hu crossbred female lambs ranged between the NRC (2007) recommendation for early and later maturating growing sheep.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.69-73
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• 2015

The world is presently facing key challenges due to the population explosion, shortages in renewable sources of energy, and environmental problems. One important aspect of ecological intensification is the use and improvement of marginal lands and spaces often ignored, until now. Goats are known to be well adapted to scrubs, forage trees, and rangelands. Goats could contribute marginally, but significantly, to the growing demand for meat without using arable lands. Since 2000, there were 752 million goats globally, and goat livestock increased by 26.8% in 2010, accounting for 954 million heads. Goats are widespread due to their high adaptability to different environmental conditions and nutritional regimes, high productivity, and low maintenance cost. A significant growth in goat number was noticed in the period 2000~2010 in the Netherlands (+113.83%), in spite of the 9.75% decrease in EU-27. A cheese making goat farm in the Netherlands showed how it can survive in the one fifth size of the average. It may be a good model for the Korean goat industry since it uses seasonal breeding and results in reduced "goaty" flavor in the cheese.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.555-561
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• 1994

This paper presents results from a study of the body composition and sensory characteristics of female weaner goat meat. A completely randomized $3{\times}3{\times}2$ factorial design was used. Factors were genotype (Thai native; TN, 75% TN $\times$ 25% Anglo-Nubian; AN and 50% TN $\times$ 50% AN), feeding {grazing only, low (1.0% BW/d) and high (1.5% BW/d) concentrate supplementation and parasite control (undrenched and drenched)}. It was shown that there was no effect of genotype on body components and dressing percentage. However, TN and 75% TN $\times$ 25% AN kids had significantly (p<0.05) higher muscle to bone ratios (4.20% and 4.20%, respectively) compared with 50% TN $\times$ 50% AN kids (3.88%). Kids on grazing only had significantly (p<0.01) higher muscle percentage (64.12%) than did kids in low (61.30%) and high (60.62%) supplementary feeding program, but there was no significant (p>0.05) difference between low and high supplementary feeding groups. Kids offered supplementary feeding had significantly (p<0.01) higher percentages of total fat, intermuscular fat, pelvic fat and kidney fat than those of grazing only. Kids offered supplementary feeding had significantly (p<0.05) higher muscle to bone ratios and significantly (p<0.01) higher muscle plus fat to bone ratios compared with those of grazing only. This may be due to significantly lower (p<0.01) bone contents (14.95, 14.17 and 16.8% for kids offered low and high supplementary feeding and grazing only, respectively. There was no significant difference in sensory characteristics of goat meat between genotypes or feeding groups.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.1096-1109
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• 2024

Objective: This research aims to explore the nutritional and bioactive peptide properties of goat meat taken from various primal cuts, including the breast, shoulder, rib, loin, and leg, to produce these bioactive peptides during in vitro gastrointestinal (GI) digestion and absorption. Methods: The goat meat from various primal cuts was obtained from Boer goats with an average carcass weight of 30±2 kg. The meat was collected within 3 h after slaughter and was stored at -80℃ until analysis. A comprehensive assessment encompassed various aspects, including the chemical composition, cooking properties, in vitro GI digestion, bioactive characteristics, and the bioavailability of the resulting peptides. Results: The findings indicate that the loin muscles contain the highest protein and essential amino acid composition. When the meats were cooked at 70℃ for 30 min, they exhibited distinct protein compositions and quantities in the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profile, suggesting they served as different protein substrates during GI digestion. Subsequent in vitro simulated GI digestion revealed that the cooked shoulder and loin underwent the most significant hydrolysis during the intestinal phase, resulting in the strongest angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibition. Following in vitro GI peptide absorption using a Caco-2 cell monolayer, the GI peptide derived from the cooked loin demonstrated greater bioavailability and a higher degree of ACE and DPP-IV inhibition than the shoulder peptide. Conclusion: This study highlights the potential of goat meat, particularly cooked loin, as a functional meat source for protein, essential amino acids, and bioactive peptides during GI digestion and absorption. These peptides promise to play a role in preventing and treating metabolic diseases due to their dual inhibitory effects on ACE and DPP-IV.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.24-34
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• 2020

Objective: The effects of Pleurotus ostreatus on the feed utilization of broad bean stalks (BBS), rape straw (RS), paddy straw (PS), and corn stalk (CS) was examined. Methods: The four roughages were co-cultured with Pleurotus ostreatus. The chemical composition; enzyme activities of laccase, carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) and xylanase; carbohydrate and protein fractions (based on The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System [CNCPS]) were assessed at different days after inoculation (7, 14, 21, 28 d) and un-inoculated roughages (control, 0 d). The digestibility of nutrient components and the gas production of roughage with various incubation times were monitored at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h using an in vitro ruminal fermentation method. Results: A higher CMCase activity (0.1039 U/mL) and earlier time to peak (14 d) were detected in Pleurotus ostreatus cultured with CS (p<0.05). Significantly, the incubation length-dependent responses of cumulative gas production were observed from 24 to 72 hours post fermentation (p<0.05), and these incubation length-dependent effects on cumulative gas production of PS and CS appeared earlier (24 h) for PS and CS than those (48 h) for BBS and RS (p<0.05). The fast-degradable carbohydrate (CA) content for all four roughages significantly increased over time (p<0.05). Nonetheless, increased degradation efficiency for CA treated with Pleurotus ostreatus was detected at both 21 and 28 days of incubation (p<0.05). With the exception of PS (p<0.05), there were no significant difference among the roughages (p>0.05) in slowly-degradable carbohydrate (CB2) at different incubation times (p<0.05). Conclusion: Assessment of the alterations in chemical composition, CNCPS system fractions, and the fermentation kinetics after biological pretreatment may yield a valuable database for evaluating the biological pretreatment of Pleurotus ostreatus in ruminant feed.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.375-379
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• 2006

Food labeling regulations require that the meat species in various meat products are accurately declared to the consumer. Substitution or adulteration of costly meat with a cheaper one is one of the most common problems in the meat industry. In this study, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) method of the mitochondrial cytochrome b(mt cyt b) gene has been applied for identification of the origin of six mammalian meat species(beef, port horse, goat, mutton and deer) and three poultry meat species(chicken, turkey and duck) as raw materials for meat products. PCR was used to amplify a variable region of mt cyt b gene. Meat species differentiation was determined by digestion of the amplified products with a 359 bp fragment using HaeIII and HinfI restriction enzymes, which generated species-specific RFLP patterns. This PCR-RFLP DNA marker of mt cyt b gene could be very useful for the accurate and reliable identification and discrimination of animal meat species in routine analysis.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.419-426
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• 2010

재래흑염소를 각 처리구별로 8두씩 배치하여 총 32두(4처리$\times$8두)를 대상으로 대조구(생후 5개월령의 비거세구)와 3개 처리구(T1구: 7개월령 거세구, T2구: 5개월령 거세구, T3구: 3개월령 거세구)로 구분 배치하여 총 410일간 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 비육 전기간(410일간) 동안의 총 증체량은 T2구(28.4 kg)으로 가장 높았으며, 일당증체량에서도 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 총 사료섭취량는 T3구가 410.82 kg으로 가장 낮았고, 사료요구율은 T2가 16.39로 사료효율성이 가장 좋게 나타났다. 흑염소 육의 가열감량과 드롭로스는 대조구가 각각 35.53%와 2.08로 가장 높았고(p<0.05), 총 콜레스테롤함량은 시험구가 대조 구 보다 더 높았다(p<0.05). 또한 관능검사의 다즙성, 연도, 향미, 조직감, 염소 특이취 및 종합평가에서도 전반적으로 처리구가 대조구보다 낮아 더 좋은 관능검사 결과를 보였으며(p<0.05), 그 중에서도 T2구(3.61점)가 가장 좋았다(p<0.05). 육색에서 명도(L)값과 Hue값은 대조구가 가장 낮았고, 적색도(a)값은 T3구, 황색도(b)와 Chroma는 T2구가 가장 높게 나타났다. 지방산 조성에서 oleic acid은 T2구가 53.76%으로 나타났고, 단일불포화지방산 함량(MUFA)은 T1구와 T2구가 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 따라서 MUFA/SFA의 비율은 T1구와 T2구가 대조구보다 더 높았다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해볼 때, 고품질 흑염소육 생산을 위해서는 생후 5개월령의 거세가 생산성과 육질개선에서 가장 유리할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.811-818
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• 2010

거세 재래흑염소를 각 처리구별로 8두씩 배치하여 총24두(3처리$\times$8두)를 대상으로 대조구(무첨가)와 시험구인 T1구(한방제재 1%첨가)와 T2구(한방제재 2% 첨가)로 구분 배치하여 총 500일간 비육 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 비육 전기간(500일간) 동안의 총 증체량과 일당증체량은 T2가 28.30 kg과 0.057 kg으로 타 처리구보다 가장 높았다. 총 사료섭취량에서도 T2구가 519.20 kg으로 크게 높았으며, 사료요구율은 18.35으로 사료효율성이 가장 좋게 나타났다. 도체율은 T1구가51.10%로 가장 높았고(p<0.05), 흑염소 등심육의 가열감량과 드롭로스는 대조구가 시험구보다 크게 높았다(p<0.05). 콜레스테롤 함량은 시험구가 대조구보다 더 높은 경향이었지만 통계적인 유의차는 없었다(p>0.05). 또한 관능검사의 연도, 향미, 조직감 및 염소 특이취는 시험구가 대조구보다 크게 낮아져 (p<0.05), 종합적인 관능평가에서는 시험구(3.71점, 3.90점)가 대조구(4.82점)보다 더 좋게 되었다(p<0.05). 지방산 조성의 단가불포화지방산(MUFA)/포화지방산(SFA)과 불포화 지방산(UFA)/포화지방산(SFA)의 비율에서는 시험구가 대조구보다 더 높은 경향이었으나 통계적인 유의차는 없었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.36-45
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• 2021

Presently, there is an increased demand for livestock products all over the world which has led to more devotion on improving livestock population. Although goats have been bred for a long time in Korea, but there is not much research conducted on traditional Korean black goat (Capra hircus coreanae) compared to other livestock populations. Mutton consumption has been dramatically changing from medicinal use to edible meat and this trend directs the black goat populations declining and also mutton import quantities are increasing consistently. The present study introduced a new estrus synchronizing technique with subsequent artificial insemination (AI) for Korean black goats to enable crossbreeding with non-native breeds for the small or subsistent farmers. Our data highlighted that, the percentage of motile sperm from the electro-ejaculated samples declined significantly after freezing and melting. In addition, the sperm motility significantly declined with regard to sperm incubation period (0, 5, 60, and 120 min at 37℃) and was negatively correlated (64.2 ± 7.9%, 63.3 ± 5.8%, 49.9 ± 6.3%, and 35.9 ± 7.6%, respectively) in frozen-thawed sperm samples. Moreover, the E2 levels were unchanged even 24 h after controlled internal drug releas (CIDR) withdrawal. But, 48 h and 72 h after CIDR removal, E2 levels increased significantly. These data helps us to consider the two time points for AI; CIDR removal after 24 h, at which E2 decreases, and after 48 h, as the time at which progesterone increases. Additionally, the AI after 48 h of CIDR removal group exhibited significantly higher pregnancy and parturition rates (42.9%) compared to AI after 24 h after CIDR removal 28.6% group. In conclusion, these studies will propose an optimal estrus synchronisation process with subsequent timing of AI and also will promote the Korean black goat breeding industry.