• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.485-491
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• 1984

적색육어류의 히스타만생성에 미치는 첨가물의 영향을 검토하기 위하여 고등어를 시료로 하여 이에 glucose, sucrose, glycine 및 sorbic acid 등을 첨가하여 저장하여 두고 저장기간에 따른 히스타민함량 및. 히스티딘탈탄산효소활성의 변화를 측정하였으며, 아울러 시료육의 성상이 히스타민생성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 시료육의 역쇄정도를 달리 하였을 때의 히스타민함량의 변화를 비교, 검토하였다. 1. 균질화한 시료육에 glucose, sucrose 및 glycine을 각각 $5\%$ 및 $10\%$ 첨가하여 $25^{\circ}C$에 저장하였을 때 glucose 및 sucrose를 첨가한 것은 히스타민 생성을 다소 촉진하는 경향을 나타낸 반면, glycine을 첨가한 것은 히스타민생성 및 히스티딘탈탄산효소활성을 크게 억제하는 효과를 나타내어, $10\%$ 첨가한 것은 저장 5일 후에도 히스타민중독한계농도에 달하지 않았다. 2. 마쇄정도가 다른 시료육에 glucose 및 sucrose를 첨가하여 히스타민 생성에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 마쇄정도가 큰 것이 히스타민 생성을 촉진하는 경향을 나타내었다. 3. 시료육에 sorbic acid를 $0.1\%$ 및 $0.2\%$ 첨가하였을 때 히스타민 생성 및 히스티딘탈탄산효소활성은 크게 억제되었으며, $0.2\%$ 첨가한 것은 저장 6일째에 히스타민 함량이 최고치(275mg/100g)를 나타내었다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.478-483
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• 2001

We examined the effect of CsCl and spermine on the induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), a key enzyme in polyamine synthesis form Glycine max axes. Transcription of the ODC gene was induced by 0.1 and 1 mM of CsCl, and the amount of putrescine was increased 3.5-fold by 1 mM CsCl treatment. Spermine also induced the expression of the ODC gene in a die dependent manner. However, CsCl provoked an increase in the active phosphorylated ERK (pERK), a central element of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. Our data demonstrates an interaction between the ODC induction and the MAPK signaling pathway, and suggests that the latter may be involved in cell signaling in salt-stressed plants.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.239-247
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• 1988

Spermidine, spermine and IAA promoted an increase in $\beta$-1, 4-endoglucanase activity in hypocotyls of Glycine max. The optimal concentration for the increase of the enzyme activity was 10-6 M for spermidine, 10-8 M for spermine and 10-6 M for IAA. However, IAA had innocuous effect on arginine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase activites, and the content of polyamine. Such cumulative results suggest that the increase in $\beta$-1, 4-endoglucanase activity by IAA is not attributed by the effect on the biosynthesis of polyamine by IAA but spermidine, spermine and IAA induce cell wall loosening and therefore extension growth of cells.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제55권8호
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• pp.301-305
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• 2012

Nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH) is a rare inborn error of amino acid metabolism. A defect in the glycine cleavage enzyme system results in highly elevated concentrations of glycine in the plasma, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain, resulting in glycine-induced encephalopathy and neuropathy. The prevalence of NKH in Korea is very low, and no reports of surviving patients are available, given the scarcity and poor prognosis of this disease. In the current study, we present a patient with NKH diagnosed on the basis of clinical features, biochemical profiles, and genetic analysis. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) allowed the measurement of absolute glycine concentrations in different parts of the brain that showed a significantly increased glycine peak, consolidating the diagnosis of NKH. In additional, serial MRS follow-up showed changes in the glycine/creatinine ratios in different parts of the brain. In conclusion, MRS is an effective, noninvasive diagnostic tool for NKH that can be used to distinguish this disease from other glycine metabolism disorders. It may also be useful for monitoring NKH treatment.

• BMB Reports
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 1999

Pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetaldehyde as the penultimate step in alcohol fermentation. The enzyme requires two cofactors, thiamin diphosphate (ThDP) and $Mg^{2+}$, for activity. Zymomonas mobilis PDC shows a strong preference for pyruvate although it will use the higher homologues 2-ketobutyrate and 2-ketovalerate to some extent. We have investigated the effect of mutagenesis of valine 111 and leucine 112 on the substrate specificity. V111 was replaced by glycine, alanine, leucine, and isoleucine while L112 was replaced by alanine, valine, and isoleucine. With the exception of L112I, all mutants retain activity towards pyruvate with $k_{cat}$ values ranging from 40% to 139% of wild-type. All mutants show changes from wild-type in the affinity for ThDP, and several (V111A, L112A, and L112V) show decreases in the affinity for $Mg^{2+}$. Two of the mutants, V111G and V111A, show an increase in the $K_m$ for pyruvate. The activity of each mutant towards 2-ketobutyrate and 2-ketovalerate was investigated and some changes from wild-type were found. For the V111 mutants, the most notable of these is a 3.7-fold increase in the ability to use 2-ketovalerate. However, the largest effect is observed for the L112V mutation which increases the ability to use both 2-ketobutyrate (4.3-fold) and 2-ketovalerate (5.7-fold). The results suggest that L112 and, to a lesser extent, V111 are close to the active site and may interact with the alkyl side-chain of the substrate.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.447-455
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• 2021

Strains of four Bacillus spp. were respectively inoculated into sterilized soybeans and the free amino acid profiles of the resulting cultures were analyzed to discern their metabolic traits. After 30 days of culture, B. licheniformis showed the highest production of serine, threonine, and glutamic acid; B. subtilis exhibited the highest production of alanine, asparagine, glycine, leucine, proline, tryptophan, and lysine. B. velezensis increased the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration to >200% of that in the control samples. B. sonorensis produced a somewhat similar amino acid profile with B. licheniformis. Comparative genomic analysis of the four Bacillus strains and the genetic profiles of the produced free amino acids revealed that genes involved in glutamate and arginine metabolism were not common to the four strains. The genes gadA/B (encoding a glutamate decarboxylase), rocE (amino acid permease), and puuD (γ-glutamyl-γ-aminobutyrate hydrolase) determined GABA production, and their presence was species-specific. Taken together, B. licheniformis and B. velezensis were respectively shown to have high potential to increase concentrations of glutamic acid and GABA, while B. subtilis has the ability to increase essential amino acid concentrations in fermented soybean foods.