• 미생물학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.220-225
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• 2016

쌀 전분을 원료로 효모를 직접 이용하여 항산화제 glutathione(GSH)이 풍부한 알코올 음료를 제조할 목적으로 GSH 함량과 당화능을 증진시키기 위하여 Saccharomyces cerevisiae의 ${\gamma}$-glutamylcysteine synthetase 유전자(GSH1), Debaryomyces occidentalis의 glucoamylase 유전자(GAM1), 그리고 ${\alpha}$-amylase 유전자(AMY)를 청주 효모 S. cerevisiae에서 공동 발현시켰다. 재조합 청주 효모의 세포외 GSH 함량은 원균주에 비해 1.5배 증가하였다. 2% (w/v) 쌀 전분이 함유된 배지에서 배양하였을 때 GAM1과 AMY 유전자 모두 발현하는 효모 균주의 glucoamylase에 의한 당화능은 GAM1유전자만 발현하는 균주와 비교하여 2배 증가하였다. 이 새로운 균주는 쌀 전분이 20%(w/v) 함유된 배지에서 7일간 발효를 통해 에탄올 11% (v/v)를 생산하였고, 전분 함유량의 90% 이상을 소비하였다.

• 약학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.316-321
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• 2008

The hepatoprotection by the methanol extract of Oenanthe javanica DC (water dropwort) (OJME) was investigated in Sprague Dawley rats with inducing liver damage by acetaminophen. After OJME administration for 1 week, the increase of hepatic lipid peroxide level by acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity was significantly reduced. In case of phase I microsomal enzyme systems including cytochrome P-450, aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase, any significant differences between in control and in OJME-pretreated group was observed after acetaminophen treatment. However, the pretreatment of OJME maintained the hepatic glutathione level and the activity of liver cytosolic glutathione S-transferase, which was significantly decreased by the acetaminophen intoxication. Among the glutathione-generating system, glutathione reductase was more responsible for its biosynthesis rather than ${\gamma}-glutamylcystein$ synthetase. OJME itself showed the strong inhibition activity on DPPH radical generation. In conclusion, OJME administration maintains the liver glutathione pool and hepatic glutathione S-transferase activity, in addition with its high anti-oxidative capability, to show hepatoprotective effect from acetaminophen intoxication.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.155-159
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• 2005

The aqueous extract of Coscinium fenestratum was studied for its antioxidant status in STZ-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats at two dose levels of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg. At the end of the experimental period, diabetic rats treated with aqueous extract at both dose levels showed a significant increase in the levels of enzymatic antioxidants such as glutathione peroxidase, glutathione synthetase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase as compared to the untreated control. Similarly, a significant increase was also observed in the levels of the non enzymatic antioxidants ceruloplasmin, ascorbic acid and tocopherol. The results suggest that the aqueous stem extract of C. fenestratum prevents type 2 diabetes mellitus induced oxidative stress.

• 생약학회지
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• 제36권2호통권141호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2005

The effects of the DWP-04 [DDB:selenium yeast:glutathione (31.1 : 6.8 : 62.1 (w/w%)] on acetaminophen detoxification enzyme system were studied in rats. Treatment with DWP-04 was prevented againt acetaminophen-induiced hepatotoxicity in rat as evidenced by the decreased formation of lipid peroxide. Effect of DWP-04 on the activities of free radical-generating enzymes, free radical scavenging enzymes and glutathione-related enzymes as well as detoxification mechanism of DWP-04 against acetaminophen-treated was investigated in rat. Activities of cytochrome p450, cytochrome b5, aminopyrine demethylase and aniline hydroxylase as free radical-generating enzymes activities were decreased by the treatment with DWP-04 against acetaminophen treated. Although acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity results in the significantly decrease in the level of hepatic glutathione and activities of glutathine S-transferase, quinone reductase, glutathione reductase and ${\gamma}-glutamyl-$cysteine synthetase, these decreasing effects were markedly lowered in the DWP-04-treated rat. Therefore, it was concluded that the mechanism for the observed preventive effect of DWP-04 against the acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity was associated with the decreased activities in the free radical-generating enzyme system.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.79-91
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• 2021

γ-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (Gcs1) and glutathione reductase (Glr1) activity maintains minimal levels of cellular methylglyoxal in Candida albicans. In glutathione-depleted Δgcs1, we previously saw that NAD(H)-linked methylglyoxal oxidoreductase (Mgd1) and alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh1) are the most active methylglyoxal scavengers. With methylglyoxal accumulation, disruptants lacking MGD1 or ADH1 exhibit a poor redox state. However, there is little convincing evidence for a reciprocal relationship between methylglyoxal scavenger genes-disrupted mutants and changes in glutathione-(in)dependent redox regulation. Herein, we attempt to demonstrate a functional role for methylglyoxal scavengers, modeled on a triple disruptant (Δmgd1/Δadh1/Δgcs1), to link between antioxidative enzyme activities and their metabolites in glutathione-depleted conditions. Despite seeing elevated methylglyoxal in all of the disruptants, the result saw a decrease in pyruvate content in Δmgd1/Δadh1/Δgcs1 which was not observed in double gene-disrupted strains such as Δmgd1/Δgcs1 and Δadh1/Δgcs1. Interestingly, Δmgd1/Δadh1/Δgcs1 exhibited a significantly decrease in H2O2 and superoxide which was also unobserved in Δmgd1/Δgcs1 and Δadh1/Δgcs1. The activities of the antioxidative enzymes erythroascorbate peroxidase and cytochrome c peroxidase were noticeably higher in Δmgd1/Δadh1/Δgcs1 than in the other disruptants. Meanwhile, Glr1 activity severely diminished in Δmgd1/Δadh1/Δgcs1. Monitoring complementary gene transcripts between double gene-disrupted Δmgd1/Δgcs1 and Δadh1/Δgcs1 supported the concept of an unbalanced redox state independent of the Glr1 activity for Δmgd1/Δadh1/Δgcs1. Our data demonstrate the reciprocal use of Eapx1 and Ccp1 in the absence of both methylglyoxal scavengers; that being pivotal for viability in non-filamentous budding yeast.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

In present study, we examined whether or not the pretreatment of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) could protect hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl$_4$) and D-galatosamine (GalN). For this study, we not only tested activity of various plasma enzymes (AST, ALT, SDH, LDH), which are used as indicators of liver disease, but also checked the change of liver components such as lipid, glutathione and cytochromes content, and several liver enzyme activity. Pretreatment of KRG for two weeks significantly reduced the elevated plasma enzyme activities induced by CCl$_4$ and GalN. Pretreatment of KRG also restored the hepatic enzymes, malonedialdehyde formation, and depletion of reduced glutathione content induced by CCl$_4$ and GalN to near normal level. However, ${\gamma}$-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity was lot affected by KRG. These results suggest that KRG shows the hepatoprotective effect by reducing lipid peroxidation, by reducing the activity of free radical generating enzymes, and by preserving the hepatic glutathione.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2012

Hepatoprotective effects of methanol extract and alisol B 23-acetate of Alisma orientale were studied in acetaminophen (APAP)-treated rats. APAP increased hepatic content of lipid peroxide, which was suppressed by methanol extract and alisol B 23-acetate. The liver of rats treated with APAP had higher P-450, aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase activities than those of normal control rats. The increases in hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes by the i.p. injection of APAP were significantly alleviated by the administration of methanol extract or alisol B 23-acetate. The injection of APAP also resulted in a substantial reduction of hepatic glutathione content and glutathione S-transferase activity, and the decreases were partially, but significantly, restrained by the oral administration of methanol extract prior to the i.p. injection of APAP. Hepatic activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and ${\gamma}$-glutamylcystein synthetase ${\gamma}$-GCS) were also decreased significantly in APAP-treated rats. The decreases in hepatic GR and ${\gamma}$-GCS activities by APAP injection were improved partially, but significantly, with administration of methanol extract of A. orientale. Treatment with alisol B 23-acetate also improved the hepatic ${\gamma}$-GCS activity significantly, but not GR.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.643-657
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• 1999

Through observing effect of BOPEASAN(BPT) on an aging white rat's metabolic enzyme system, the following conclusions were addressed 1. The quantity of the lipid peroxide in lung of was decreased meaningfully in all of experimental subject groups, relatively to counterpart groups. 2. Cytochrome P-450, Cytochrome b5, NADPH-Cytochrome P45, was decreased meaningfully in the experimental subject groups B,C and D. 3. superoxide dismutase, catarase, grutathione peroxidase, was increased meaningfully in the experimental subject groups B.C and D. 4. glutathione, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione redutase, ${\gamma}$-Glutamylcytein synthetase, had no meaningful change in the experimental subject groups. Regarding the above conclusions, the Bopeasan was affecting positively on both lipid peroxide a nd the enzyme system, as well as it has efficacy of suppressing the phenomena of aging, Therefore, the Bopeasan is, hereafter, expected to be applied clinically.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.320-336
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• 1995

SANGNYANGHYOLTANG(SYT) is one of the most important prescription that has been used in oriental medicine for diabetes mellitus. The sudy was done in order to elucidate the anti-diabetic effect of SYT. After pretreatment of SYT(1,000mg／kg) for 6 weeks, the effect of of SYT was prevented on serum liver function test and hepatic lipid peroxide content in rats i.v. injected with streptozotocin(STZ, 50mg／kg, tail vein) 5 weeks after pretreatment of SYT. The hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 and aniline hydroxylase were significantly decreased, and aminopyrine N-demethylase activity was significantly increased in SYT-STZ group as compared with control group. Changes in aldehyde oxidase, xanthine oxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, epoxide hydrolase, UDP-glucuronyltransferase and sulfotransferase activities were not significantly different in any of the group. The cytosolic glutathione S-transferase activity was significantly decreased in SYT-STZ group as compared with control group. The selenium-independent glutathione peroxidase was significantly increased in SYT-STZ group as compared with control group, but there was no significant difference in selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase in any of the groups. The hepatic glutathione concentration was significantly increased in SYT-STZ group as compared with control group, and ${\gamma}-glutamylcystein$ synthetase and glutathione reductase activities were not significantly different in any of the groups. The hepatic lipid peroxide content, serum aminotransferase and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities were slightly decreased in significantly in SYT-STZ groups.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권10호
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• pp.1238-1243
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• 2008

잔대 뿌리는 우리나라에서 예로부터 민간약으로 이용되어 오고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인간 간세포인 HepG2에 잔대 뿌리의 에틸아세테이트 추출물을 처리했을 때 sodium nitroprusside(SNP)에 의해 유도된 세포 독성 및 항산화 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향력을 알아보았다. 먼저, 잔대 에틸아세테이트 추출물이 NO에 의해 유도된 세포 사멸을 저해할 수 있는지를 알아보기 위하여 HepG2 세포에 잔대 에틸아세테이트 추출물(각각 50과 100 $\mu$g/mL)을 24시간 먼저 처리한 후 세포내에서 NO을 생성시킬 수 있는 0.5 mM SNP를 처리하였다. NO에 의한 세포독성이 에틸아세테이트 추출물에 의해 저해되었다는 것을 mitochondrial dehydrogenase 활성을 알아보는 MTT assay를 실시하여 알아보았다. 더하여 우리는 잔대 에틸아세테이트 추출물이 세포내 항산화 방어 시스템인 Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase(SOD 1), Mn SOD(SOD 2), glutathione peroxidase(GPx), catalase와 glutathione metabolism과 관련되어져 있는 glutathione reductase(GR), $\gamma$-glutamyl-cystein synthetase(GCS), glutathione-S-transferase(GST), $\gamma$-glutamyltranspeptidase($\gamma$-GT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD)의 mRNA 발현에 미치는 영향을 RT-PCR로 알아보았다. CAT, GCS 그리고 G6PD mRNA 수준이 잔대 에틸아세테이트 추출물 처리 후 증가하였으나, SOD 1, SOD 2, GPx, GST 그리고 $\gamma$-GT mRNA 수준은 변화지 않았다. 따라서 잔대 에틸아세테이트 추출물이 간접적 항산화 효과가 있고, 이들 효과는 아마 CAT, GCS, GR 그리고 G6PD 유전자 발현 증가에 의한 것이라고 추정되었다.