• KSBB Journal
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.294-298
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• 1994

$CaCl_2$, glucose, frutose, glutamine, glutamate 그리고 Ii pids와 같은 배지 첨가물들이 회분식 그리고 연속식 2단계 생물반응기 시스템에셔 재조합 ${\beta}$-galactosidase (${\beta}$-gal) 생산을 증진시키는가를 조사하였다. Sf 21 세포에 AcNPV의 감염시 $CaCl_2$, frutose, glutamate, cholesterol 및 tocoph eral과 같은 배지 첨가물을 첨가하였을 때 ${\beta}$-gal 생산이 증진되었다. 30mM $CaCl_2$, 2.2mM frutose, 4.lmM glutamine, 그리고 O.34mM cholesterol이 보강된 감염 배 지를 이용한 재조합${\beta}$-gal 생산은 약 40% 의 증가를 보였다.

• 자연과학논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2004

지렁이(Earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris)로부터 thiol-specific antioxidant activity(TSA)를 나타내는 향산화 단백을 분리정제 하였다. 이 향산화 단백은 환원제로 thiol성분에 의해 유지되는 비효소적 금속 촉매 산화계 (MCO, $Fe^{3+}$, DTT 또는 2-mercatoethanol ; Thiol- MCO system)에 의하여 Glutamine Synthetase의 불활성을 억제하지만 아스코르브산과 같은 nonthiol 환원제를 가진 효소적 금속 촉매 산화계 (MCO, $Fe^{3+}$, ascorbate ; nonthiol- MCO system)에서는 Glutamine Synthetase의 불활성을 방어하지 못하였다. 정제된 지렁이 TSA 단백질은 SAS-PAGE에 의해 51-kDa임을 밝혔고, 기존에 알려진 TSA protein과 분자량이 다른 TSA Family로써 활성 산소종에 의한 산화적 손상을 방어하는 향산화 효소로써의 중요한 생화학적 역할을 수행함을 제시하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.236-245
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• 2017

Objective: The study was to investigate the effects of alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln) and glutamine (Gln) supplementation on the intestinal mucosa barrier in piglets. Methods: A total of 180 barrows with initial weight $10.01{\pm}0.03kg$ were randomly allocated to three treatments, and each treatment consisted of three pens and twenty pigs per pen. The piglets of three groups were fed with control diet [0.62% alanine (Ala)], Ala-Gln diet (0.5% Ala-Gln), Gln diet (0.34% Gln and 0.21% Ala), respectively. Results: The results showed that in comparison with control diet, dietary Ala-Gln supplementation increased the height of villi in duodenum and jejunum (p<0.05), Gln supplementation increased the villi height of jejunum (p<0.05), Ala-Gln supplementation up-regulated the mRNA expressions of epidermal growth factor receptor and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor in jejunal mucosa (p<0.05), raised the mRNA expressions of Claudin-1, Occludin, zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) and the protein levels of Occludin, ZO-1 in jejunal mucosa (p<0.05), Ala-Gln supplementation enlarged the number of goblet cells in duodenal and ileal epithelium (p<0.05), Gln increased the number of goblet cells in duodenal epithelium (p<0.05) and Ala-Gln supplementation improved the concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G in the jejunal mucosa (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results demonstrated that dietary Ala-Gln supplementation could maintain the integrity of small intestine and promote the functions of intestinal mucosa barriers in piglets.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.745-758
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• 2001

The purpose of study to phenomenological examine and the mechanism regarding the gene(DNA, RNA, Protein) and sports to studied, analyzed. and evaluated. This review considers the evidence for genetic effects in several determinants of endurance performance and resistance performance, namely: body measurements and physique, body fat pulmonary functions, cardiac and circulatory functions, muscle characteristics. substrate utilization, maximal aerobic power and other. Moreover, the response to aerobic training of indicators aerobic work metabolism and endurance performance is reviewed, with emphasis on the specificity of the response and the individual differences observed in training ability. This study indicate that improvement of 'Enhancer Action' in RNA genes changed by exercise or sports. Moreover exercise was effect on Central Dogma with DNA makes RNA makes Protein. and think that occurred with exercise influence on skeletal muscle into cell have to Myosin Heavy Chain (MHC) changed was after exercise performance, which accompanied into skeletal muscle that were exercise-induces gene-modulation that is, take gene mutations. This study known that existed hormone(epinephrine)-immune system with interaction. Exercise were altered insulin binding and MAP Kinase signaling increased into immune cells. This review suggested that the high rate of glutamine utilization by cells of the immune system serves to maintain a high intra cellular concentration of the intermediates of biosynthetic pathways such that optimal rates of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis can be maintained. In the absence of glutamine, lymphocytes do not proliferate in vitro: proliferation increase greatly as the glutamine concentration increase. Glutamine is synthesized in skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle and plasma glutamine levels are lowered by sepsis, injury, bums, surgery and endurance exercise and in the overtrained athlete. The study of result show that production of ET-1 is markedly increased tissue specifically in the heart by exercise without appreciable changes in endothelin-converting enzyme and endothelial receptor expressions, suggest that myocardial ET-1 may participate in modulation of cardiac function during exercise. Conclusionally, this study indicate that improvement of 'Enhancer Action' in RNA genes changed by exercise or sports. Moreover exercise was effect on Central Dogma with DNA makes RNA makes Protein. This study is expected to contribute the area of sports science, medicine, hereafter more effort is required to establish the relation between gene alters and exercise amount.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권9호
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• pp.1114-1121
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• 2017

전통장류로부터 식품 유해요소를 생성하지 않는 Bacillus 균주를 분리하여 세포외효소 활성(amylase, protease, cellulase, xylanase)을 측정한 후, 단백질 분해 활성이 우수한 14개 균주와 비교균주 1균주를 선발하였다. 선발된 균주에 대해 16S rRNA 유전자를 이용한 균주 동정을 실시한 결과, B. amyloliquefaciens 10종, B. methylotrophicus 1종, B. velezensis 1종, B. subtilis 3종이 분리 동정되었다. 그중 B. subtilis JBG17019, B. amyloliquefaciens JBD17076, B. amyloliquefaciens JBD17109 균주에서 식중독미생물에 대한 증식 억제능이 확인되었다. Glutamic acid 대사와 관련한 발효특성을 확인하기 위하여 선발된 Bacillus 균주에 대해 glutamate, glutamine 및 ${\gamma}$-PGA 생성능을 측정하였다. 발효특성과 ${\gamma}$-PGA 생성능에 대한 다변량 요인분석을 주성분(PCA) 추출법으로 분석한 결과, PC1(효소 활성(amylase, cellulase, xylanase), PC2(${\gamma}$-PGA 생성능) 및 PC3(protease, glutamate 및 glutamine)의 3가지 주성분이 분류되었다. 주성분(PC)의 추출에 따라 B. amyloliquefaciens JBD17076 및 B. subtilis JBG17019 균주는 우수한 효소 활성 및 ${\gamma}$-PGA 생성을 하는 것으로 평가되었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2000

Objective: Mammalian embryos undergo changes of energy environment for transfer from oviduct to uterus. Also, the human reproductive organ (oviduct, uterus) contains energy sources of different concentration (oviduct - glucose: 0.5 mM, pyruvate: 0.32 mM, lactate: 10.5 mM; uterus - goucose: 3.15 mM, pyruvate: 0.1mM, lactate: 5.87 mM, respectively). This study was conducted to examine the effect of these energy sources added in DMEM with glutamine on the mouse embryo development. Methods: There was used ICR female mouse. Two cell embryos of mouse are collected by method of 'flushing'. Flushing fluid was used Ham's F-10 added to 20% FBS. The collected 2 cell embryos were cultured in media such as Control (only DMEM), group A and B (DMEM supplemented with 0.5 mM and 3.15 mM glucose), and group C and D (DMEM supplemented with 0.1 mM and 0.32 mM pyruvate), and group E and F (DMEM supplemented with 5.87 mM and 10.5 mM lactate). All experimental media supplemented with 20% hFF, respectively. Pattern of embryo development was observed to interval at 24hr during 96hr. Results : The media with glutamine added glucose (group A: 51.0%; group B: 48.4%) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than other experimental group in development into the morula stage after 24 hr in culture, but not significantly different compared with control and the rate of development into the blastocyst was significantly (p<0.05) low in the both of pyruvate (group C: 7.9% group D: 6.8%) and lactate (group E: 7.1%, group F: 7.1%) treatment group after 48 hr in culture. Development into the blastocyst and hatched balstocyst after 72 hr in culture revealed similarly in control (81.9%) and glucose treatment group (group A: 83.3%, group B: 82.8%). However, development into the hatched and attached blastocyst after 96hr in culture revealed significantly (p<0.05) development in the glucose treatment group (group A: 82.3%, group B: 78.5%) than control (63.2%), and its of pyruvate (group C: 34.1%, group D: 34.1%) and lactate (group E: 25.9%, group F: 33.3%) treatment group were significantly (p<0.05) lower than control similar to previous observations. Conclusion : The glucose added to the DMEM with only glutamine, as energy source, was highly to the rate of development compared with control, but the other energy sources were not, synthetically. Above refer to, the human reproductive organ (oviduct, uterus) contains energy sources of different concentration. Thus, further studies are will examine continuously to effects by interaction of different energy sources in the mouse embryo development, and these results will provide to foundation on the human embryo culture.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.195-204
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• 1991

Glufosinate-ammonium에 대(對)한 수도(水稻) 품종간(品種間)의 반응차이(反應差異)를 구명(究明)하고자 glufosinate-ammonium에 대한 감수성(感受性) 반응(反應), 총(總) 수용성(水溶性) 단백질(蛋白質) 함량(含量), 단백질(蛋白質) 패턴의 변화(變化), glutamine synthetase의 활성(活性), 축적(蓄積)된 암모니아 함량(含量), 유리(遊離) 아마노산 조성변화(組成變化)를 조사(調査)를 실시(實施)한 바 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. Glufosinate-ammonium 10ppm 에 대한 수도(水稻) 품종간(品種間) 반응(反應)을 보면 Fukei 126과 탐진벼의 신초(新鞘)의 길이가 무처리구(無處理區)에 비(比)해 각각(各各) 96%, 100%로 내성품종(耐性品種)으로, 영덕벼, 팔공벼, 남영벼는 신초(新鞘)의 길이가 무처리(無處理)에 비(比)해 각각(各各) 40%, 39%, 37%로 감수성품종(感受性品種)으로 분류(分類)하였다. 2. 총(總) 단백질(蛋白質) 함량(含量)은 내성품종(耐性品種)으로 선발(選拔)된 Fukei 126과 탐진벼는 무처리(無處理)에서 240.0, 207.2 ${\mu}g$/100${\mu}l$이던 것이 처리(處理)에서 234.0, 184.0 ${\mu}g$/100${\mu}l$으로 무처리(無處理)에 대(對)한 비(比)가 97.5%, 88.8% 이었고, 감수성(感受性) 품종(品種)_으로 선발(選拔)된 영덕벼, 팔공벼, 남영벼는 무처리(無處理)에서 255.4, 204.4, 236.3${\mu}g$/100${\mu}l$이던 것이 처리에서 181.1, 160.7, 191.0 ${\mu}g$/100${\mu}l$으로 각각(各各) 무처리(無處理)에 비(比)해 70.1%, 78.6%, 80.8%로 내성품종(耐性品種)에 비(比)해 크게 감소(減少)되었다. 3. 단백질(蛋白質)패턴의 변화(變化)는 내성품종(耐性品種)인 탐진벼에서는 glufosinate-ammonium 10ppm 처리시(處理時)에도 band의 density의 변화(變化)가 없었으나, 감수성(感受性) 품종(品種)으로 선발(選拔)된 남영벼에서는 66kD 상위(上位)에서 band density가 감소(減少)하거나 사라지는 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 2D-PAGE에서도 마찬가지로 내성(耐性)인 탐진벼의 경우(境遇)는 spot의 변화(變化)가 거의 없었던 데 비(比)해 감수성(感受性)인 남영벼에서의 경우(境遇)는 45kD와 66kD사이, 20kD 부근에서 spot의 density가 감소(減少)하거나 사라지는 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 4. Glutamine synthetase의 활성(活性)은 내성(耐性)의 탐진벼는 처리(處理)와 무처리(無處理)에서 각각(各各) 44, 86${\mu}mol$ GHA/mg protein/min로 무처리(無處理)에 대(對)한 처리(處理)의 효소활성(酵素活性)의 비(比)가 51.2%이었고, 감수성(感受性)의 남영벼는 처리(處理)와 무처리(無處理)에서 23, 68${\mu}mol$ GHA/mg protein/min로 무처리(無處理)에 대(對)한 비(比)가 33.8%로 나타나 내성(耐性)의 탐진벼에 비(比)해 다소(多少) 약(弱)한 반응(反應)을 보였다. 5. 암모니아의 체내축적량(體內蓄積量)은 내성(耐性)의 탐진벼는 처리(處理)와 무처리(無處理)에서 각각(各各) 1.46, 0.44mmol/g FW로 무처리(無處理)에 대(對)한 암모니아 함량(含量)의 비(比)가 331.8%이었고, 감수성(感受性)의 남영벼는 3.08, 0.35mmol/g FW로 무처리(無處理)에 대(對)한 비(比)가 905.9%로 나타나 내성(耐性)의 탐진벼에서보다 약 3배 더 많은 것으로 나타났다. 6. 유리(遊離) 아미노산의 조성(組成)은 glutamine synthetase 기질(基質)인 glutamic acid가, 내성(耐性)의 탐진벼는 처리(處理)와 무처리(無處理)에서 4.879, 16.599로 무처리(無處理)에 대(對)한 비(比)가 29.4%로 줄어든 반면(反面), 감수성(感受性)인 남영벼는 처리(處理)와 무처리(無處理)가 13.221, 3.021로 무처리(無處理)에 대(對)한 비(比)가 오히려 약 430%로 증가(增加)되어 glutamine synthetase 기질(基質)로 이용(利用)되지 못하고 남아있었다.

• 한국초지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초지조사료학회 2003년도 제28회 정기총회, 제41회 학술발표회.심포지엄
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• pp.174-175
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• 2003

• 생명과학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.533-541
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• 2000

Compared to mammal including human, many bioreactive genes that regulate various biological events has not been cloned and characterized yet in fishes, especially shark, Scyliorhinus torazame. In orther to isolate genes that regulate physiological processes in cartilaginors fishes, we performed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using the RNA of cartilage tissues of Scyliofhinus torazame. The cloned partial genes were 86%, 80%, 73%, 84%, 75%, 79% identical to $\alpha$- actin, 90-kDa heat-shock protein, methyle-neterahydrofolate dehydrogenase-methenyltertrahydrofolate cyclohudrolase-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, ubiquitin, glutamine synthetase and connective tissue growth factor genes of human, respectively. They also have similar nucleotide sequence homologues with those of another species. These partial bioreactive genes elucidated in this study may support to studies of phylogenetic analysis based on evolutionary relationships between shark and other species.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 1963

The studies could be summarized as follows: 1. Standard Rf Values were made as Table II for the identification of amino acids. 2. Amounts of free amino nitrogen in eggs were increased about 0.03% (Table IV) while the amounts of total nitrogen (Table III) were increased lower percentage during the ten days of development. 3. Three unknown substances were found newly during the development. 4. Eight ninhydrine positive amino acids were present, in the fresh embryonic eggs, but the numbers increased to eighteen after fifty days of development. 5. Through the development, there were large amounts of glutamic acid, aspartic acid and alanine. 6. After fifty days development, the amount of amides, such as asparagine, glutamine and alanine were increased very large which were very small amount before it and the amount of asparagine were more than that of glutamine. 7. Tryptophane, Cystine , Histidine were detected after 50 days of development. This is very remarkable fact.