• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제57권9호
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• pp.29.1-29.9
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• 2015

This review provides an overview of the published data on the canola meal and its suitability for duck as an alternative plant-origin protein source to soybean meal. Canola meal is a legume origin protein source containing comparable amino acid profile to soybean meal and rich in essential minerals and vitamins. Nonetheless, it is known to contain less in energy content than soybean meal. Factors like field conditions and processing methods creates compositional variations among canola meal. Presence of anti-nutritional factors such as phenolic substances, phytate and glucosinolates which are known to reduce growth performance in livestock animals, are the major drawbacks for canola meal to be a competitive plant-origin protein source in the feed industry. This review is focused to address i) nutritional characteristics and feeding value of canola meal for ducks and ii) impacts of feeding canola meal on performances of ducks.

• 한국식품영양과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품영양과학회 2004년도 Annual Meeting and International Symposium
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• pp.150-157
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• 2004

Cruciferous vegetables are rich in organosulfur compounds such as isothiocyanates and sulfides. While the isothiocyanates, corresponding to pungent principle, are generated from myrosinase-catalyzed hydrolysis of glucosinolates, the sulfides can be generated non-enzymatically. Recent studies provide evidences that some sulfur compounds in these vegetables show a chemopreventive action against carcinogenesis; while isothiocyanates such as sulforaphane induce phase 2 enzymes (glutathione S-transferase/quinone reductase), disulfides tends to elevate the level of phase 1 and 2 enzymes. Especially, sulforaphane rich in Cruciferae vegetables has been reported to express anticarcinogenic effect in some organs such as liver, kidney or intestine. When the level of sulfur compounds in Cruciferous and Alliaceous vegetables was determined by GC/MS (SIM), the richest in sulforaphane is broccoli followed by turnip, cabbage, radish, kale, cauliflower and Chinese cabbage. Meanwhile, the sulfides are predominant in Alliaceous vegetables such as onion. In related study, the administration of vegetable extract elevated the GST level by 1.5 fold for broccoli, 1.4 fold for radish, and 1.3 for onion. Thus, the vegetables frequently used in Korean dish contain relatively high amount of anticarcinogenic sulfur compounds. Moreover, the combination of broccoli and radish extracts elevated the GST induction up to 1.84 folds of control. In addition, the Kakdugi, fermented radish Kimchi was observed to show a comparable GST induction despite the decomposition of methylthio-3-butenylisothiocyanate (MTBI). Therefore, the combination of vegetables including broccoli, and fermented radish Kimchi would be useful as a functional food for chemoprevention.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.2095-2100
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• 2012

Sulforaphane (SFN) an isothiocyanate formed by hydrolysis of glucosinolates found in Brassica oleraceae is reported to possess anticancer and antioxidant activities. In this study, we isolated SFN from red cabbage (Brassica oleraceae var rubra) and evaluated the comparative antiproliferative activity of various fractions (standard SFN, extract and purified SFN) by MTT assay in human epithelial carcinoma HEp -2 and and Vero cells. Probable apoptotic mechanisms mediated through p53, bax and bcl-2 were also examined. The SFN fraction was collected by HPLC, enriched for its SFN content and confirmed. Expression of apoptosis-related proteins was detected by western blotting and RT PCR. Results showed that Std SFN and purified SFN concentration found to have closer $IC_{50}$ which is equal to 58.96 microgram/ml (HEp-2 cells), 61.2 microgram/ml (Vero cells) and less than the extract which is found to be 113 microgram/ml (HEp-2 cells) and 125 microgram/ml (Vero cells). Further studies on apoptotic mechanisms showed that purified SFN down-regulated the expression of bcl-2 (antiapoptotic), while up-regulating p53 and Bax (proapoptotic) proteins, as well as caspase-3. This study indicates that purified SFN possesses antiproliferative effects the same as Std SFN and its apoptotic mechanism in HEp-2 cells could be mediated through p53 induction, bax and bcl-2 signaling pathways.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.315-319
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• 2003

브로콜리 중의 bioactive organosulfur phytochemicals를 분석하기 위해 브로콜리를 용매추출하여 GC/MSD에 의해 분리동정하였다. 브로콜리에 함유된 phytochemicals 중에서 isothiocyanate류가 40.42%로 대부분을 차지하였으며, glucosinolate분해산물인 nitrile류는 5.12%로 isothiocyanate류에 비해 적었고, sulfide류는 0.84%로 매우 적었다. 분리 동정된 isothiocyanate류의 종류로는 3-butenyl 4-methtlthiobutyl, 4-methrlthio -3- butenyl, 5- methylthiopentyl, 2- phenylethyl, 3-methylsulfinyl propyl 및 4-methylsulfinylbutyl isothiocyanate의 7종이었다. Isothiocyanate류 중에서 3-butenyl isothiocynate는 22.05%로 가장 많았으며, 그 다음으로 sulforaphane 16.50%로 2종의 isothiocyanate가 대부분을 차지하였다. Nitrile의 종류는 4-methylthiobutyl, 5-methylthiopentyl, 2-phenylethyl 및 4-methylsulfinylbutyl nitrile의 6종류가 확인되었다. 한편, 동정된 sulfide종류로는 dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide 및 dimethyl tetrasulfide이었다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.461-465
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• 2012

본 실험에서는 여드름 치료에 사용되던 국소 레티노이드제와 항생제를 대용 할 수 있고 화장품에 사용되는 원료로 추출하여 항여드름 치료제 또는 화장품 원료를 개발하기 위해 실험한 결과 broccoli proplyeneglycol 그룹에서 DPPH, superoxide radical, nitric oxide assay 에서 모두 vitamin C에 가까운 활성을 나타내었고 paper disk diffusion test에서는 broccoli ethanol과 broccoli hexane 그룹에서 P. acne의 저해 활성을 나타낸 것으로 보아 항여드름 치료제 또는 화장품 원료로써의 유용 가치가 있다고 사료 되어진다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.173-182
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• 2019

To produce a high-quality Kimchi product, molten salt was used for the Kimchi. Changes in the physiochemical properties and functional compounds were analyzed during fermentation. The salinity of bay salt Kimchi was higher than that of the molten salt Kimchi. The fermentation speed of the lactic acid bacteria in the molten salt Kimchi was significantly faster. To evaluate the effects of the salts on the changes in the functional compounds during fermentation, the antioxidant activity, total phenolic compounds (TPC), flavonols, phenolic acids, and glucosinolates in Chinese cabbage were analyzed. In the first 9 days, antioxidants were decreased during this fermentation period and then, increased after that. TPC was slightly increased for all the conditions after 40 days fermentation. Kaempferol was a major flavonol but had a relatively larger decrease in the molten salt Kimchi than in the bay salt samples. Phenolic acid did not show any significant difference among the samples. The glucosinolate contents were significantly decreased in all the conditions of Kimchi during the fermentation period. Consequently, the molten salt greatly affected the fermentation speed of Kimchi and the total characteristics of the Kimchi lactic acid bacteria. Although the functional compounds of Chinese cabbage were decreased during the fermentation of Kimchi, this decrease did not profoundly deteriorate the food quality. Therefore, high-quality Kimchi with enhanced bioactivity will be available if appropriate Chinese cabbages that have enhanced functional compounds are used.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.26-35
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• 2021

Myrosinases (thioglucosidases) catalyze the hydrolysis of a class of compounds called glucosinolates, of which the aglycones show various biological functions. It is often necessary to minimize the loss of myrosinase activity during thermal processing of cruciferous vegetables. Myrosinase was isolated from a popular spice, white mustard (Sinapis alba), and its thermal inactivation kinetics was investigated. The enzyme was extracted from white mustard seeds and purified by a sequential processes of ammonium sulfate fractionation, Concanavalin A-Sepharose column chromatography, and gel permeation chromatography. At least three isozymes were revealed by Concanavalin A-Sepharose column chromatography. The purity of the major myrosinase was examined by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and on-gel activity staining with methyl red. The molecular weight of the major enzyme was estimated to be 171 kDa. When the consecutive step model was used for the thermal inactivation of the major myrosinase, its inactivation energy was 44.388 kJ/mol for the early stage of destruction and 32.019 kJ/mol for the late stage of destruction. When the distinct two enzymes model was used, the inactivation energy was 77.772 kJ/mol for the labile enzyme and 95.145 kJ/mol for the stable enzyme. The thermal inactivation energies lie within energy range causing nutrient destruction on heating.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제33권s01호
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• pp.98-114
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• 1988

This study was conducted to investigate the status and prospects of seed quality researches in rapeseed. Rapeseed Quality was mainly related to oil and protein content, fatty acid composition and glucosinolate content. Hence, breeding for improvement of rapeseed Quality has been emphasized as follows: 1) inheritance mode, 2) investigation of germplasm, 3) establishment of analysis technique, 4) establishment of selection method, 5) idealization of cultural technique. The oil quality is determined by its fatty acids. Fatty acids have been determined by gas chromatography. To improve oil quality was emphasized for zero erucic acid, the highest possible linoleic acid and the lowest possible linolenic acid content. Rapeseed meal is not considered as top quality feed ingredient although it has higher protein content and well-balanced amino acid composition. This is mainly because of the presence of considerable amounts of glucosinolates. Thus the reduction of glucosinolate content in rapeseed meal is of great importance. In breeding for meal quality, low glucosinolate lines (plants) were selected and analyzed by gas chromatography and UV-spectrophotometer. Current problems and future researches of rapeseed quality in Korea are 1) improvement of researcher's number and facilities, 2) depression of animal feeding trials, 3) unsatisfied relationship between research and manufacturing and products field, 4) improvement of fertility for yellow and thin seed coat lines crossed between mustard and rapeseed, 5) establishment of new rapid analysing system for rapeseed quality.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.285-294
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• 2011

Glucosinolate (GSL) contents were investigated (i) at 1~7 days after sowing (DAS) in seed sprouts and (ii) at 3-7 weeks after sowing for the time-course. Moreover, (iii) They were compared with five different cultivars of rocket salad (Eruca sativa). Seventeen GSLs were separated by HPLC analysis, and 10 GSLs among them were identified as glucoraphanin, sinigrin, glucoalyssin, diglucothiobeinin, glucobrassicanapin, glucoerucin, glucobrassicin, dimeric, 4-mercaptobutyl GSL, 4-methoxy glucobrassicin, gluconasturttin by using LC-APCI-MS analysis, but 7 compounds were not identified. (i) The total GSL content in seed sprouts initially increased up to 3 DAS and then decreased according to their seedling growth. In particular, glucoraphanin known as a strong anti-cancer reagent was found the highest level (5.05 ${\mu}mol/g$ dry wt.) at 3 DAS. The most abundant GSL was glucoerucin ranged from 26.0~49.6 ${\mu}mol/g$ dry wt. (ii) In the time-course, the total GSL contents increased dramatically from 3-week (5.91 ${\mu}mol/g$ dry wt.) to 7-week after sowing (32.2 ${\mu}mol/g$ dry wt.). The major GSLs were glucoraphanin, glucoerucin and 4-methoxy glucobrassicin. (iii) By comparing GSL contents with five different cultivars, the total GSL contents increased from 4-week to 6-week after sowing, regardless of cultivar. In 4-week-old, the order with the total GSL content was "Rucola" > "Rocket Herbs" ${\geqq}$ "Odyssey" > "Takii" > "Herb", but in 6-week-old it is changed as "Takii" > "Herb" > "Odyssey" > "Rucola" > "Rocket Herbs" even there was almost no significantly difference between them.

• 셀메드
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.21.1-21.5
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• 2013

Cholesterol gallstones are a digestive disease of high prevalence that has many risk factors; for this reason, research has focused mainly on how to prevent it rather than how to treat it. Many molecules of the hepatic, bile and intestinal systems are involved in the pathophysiology of this disease, making it very difficult to find a therapeutic target. The pharmacological treatment is limited, so when gallstones generate symptoms, medical treatment indicates gallbladder removal. Ursodeoxycholic acid is used to dissolve cholesterol stones, and ezetimibe and statins are other drugs with possible applications in the treatment of this disease. Given the small number of drugs that have been developed for treating this disease, the research of natural products becomes of paramount importance. Resources such as black radish, glucosinolates, fenugreek, capsaicin, curcumin, garlic, and onion, have all shown significant effects in the prevention and treatment of cholesterol gallstones. In this review, we made a synthesis of the scientific reports that deal with these natural products and that can serve as antecedents for finding a way to treat the most common disease of the gallbladder.