• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.134-138
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• 2000

Addition of carbon and nitrogen source to an alcohol distillery wastewater was tried to increase the cell concentration of a b baker's yeast cultivated in that wastewater. Carbon was found to be primary limiting nutrient and nitrogen secondary limiting o one. Glucose addition increased the cell concentration 1.3 times higher than no addition, and both glucose and $(NH_4)_2S0_4$ a addition did 5.8 times. A fed-batch cultivation by the automatic addition of glucose and ammonium was executed. Added g glu$\infty$se was automatically controlled to low concentration by a method using DO as control parameter. Ammonium was a automatically added as NH40H used as pH $\infty$ntrol agent after initiating glucose addition. By this simple cultivation method t the cell concentration $\infty$내d be efficiently increased from 2.6g/L to 12.0g/L, and maximum specific growth rate and biomass y yield to glu$\infty$se were $0.18hr^{-1}$ and about 0.54g/g respectively. By increasing cell concentration, COD of the wastewater m media could be additionally reduced by about 22%.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of energy source on development of in vitro development of in vitro matured and fertilized porcine 2-cell embryos. The relative preferences of glucose, lactate and pyruvate for in vitro development of porcine 2-cell embryos were determined. The results obtained are as follows. 1. 33.3, 20.8 and 29.2% of porcine embryos reached morula stage in addition to lactate, glucose, and both glucose and lactate in the culture medium as energy source, respectively. 2. 38.5, 15.4 and 26.9% of porcine embryos reached morula stage in addition to pyruvate, glucose, and both glucose and pyruvate in culture medium as energy source, respectively. 3. 42.9, 21.4 and 28.6% of porcine embryos reached morula stage in addition to pyruvate and lactate, glucse alone, and glucose, lactate and pyruvate in culture medium as energy source, respectively.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 1998

In this study, rat hepatocytes known to have active glucose metabolism were obtained to investigate the hypoglycemic action of fat soluble fraction of red ginseng by using the liver perfusion technique and incubated in two different media-one containing insulin and glucagon (control group), and the other containing glucagon only The activities of main regulating enzymes, such as glucokinase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenate, and glucose 6-phosphatase, related to metabolic pathways of glucose in these two kinds of hepatocytes were compared between these two groups and the effects of addition of fat soluble fraction ($10^1$~$10^4$%) from red ginseng to these two groups on these enzymes were also detected. The results were as follows. The specific activity of enzymes such as glucokinase, flucorse 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase related to glucose-consuming pathways of insulin-deficient group was much less than control one. However, their decreased activity was recovered after the addition of fat-soluble fraction at all range of concentrations. The specific activity of these enzymes after the addition of ginseng components to the control group was also increased. On the other hand, the specific activity of glucose 6-phosphatase related to glucose-producing pathway of insulin-deficient group was much higher than control one, but their increased activity was decreased obviously after the addition of fat soluble fraction at all range of concentrations. The same results were observed after the addition of fat-soluble fraction to the control group. These results suggest that the red ginseng saponin components might be effective on diabetic hyperglycemia by regulating the activity of enzymes related to glucose metabolism directly and/or indirectly. The effects of fat-soluble fraction ($10^2$%) and ginsenosides (mixture, $Rb_1$ and $Rg_1$, $10^4$%) on hypoglycemic action were compared. As a result, they showed considerable effect on hyperglycemia, but the best eff ect on the activities of glucokinase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase was appeared by ginsenoside $Rb_1$ and that of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glucose 6-phosphatase was by ginsenoside mixture.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1699-1704
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• 2007

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of adding encapsulated-glucose, glucose, sorbic acid or prefermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (FJLB) on the fermentation quality and residual mono- and disaccharide composition of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) silages. The additive treatments were as follows: (1) control (no addition), (2) encapsulated-glucose addition at 0.5% for glucose, (3) glucose addition at 1%, (4) sorbic acid addition at 0.1%, (5) FJLB addition at a theoretical application rate of $2.67{\times}10^5$ CFU (colony forming unit) $g^{-1}$, on a fresh weight basis of Italian ryegrass. Although control and encapsulated-glucose treatments had higher contents of butyric acid (33.45, 21.50 g $kg^{-1}$ DM) and ammonia-N/Total nitrogen (114.91, 87.01 g $kg^{-1}$) as compared with the other treated silages, the fermentation in all silages was clearly dominated by lactic acid. This was well indicated by the low pH (4.38-3.59), and high lactic acid/acetic acid (4.39-22.97) and lactic acid content (46.85-121.76 g $kg^{-1}$ DM). Encapsulated-0.5% glucose and glucose addition increased lactic acid/acetic acid, and significantly (p<0.05) decreased ammonia-N/total nitrogen, and the contents of butyric acid and total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) as compared with the control. However, there were higher butyric acid and lower residual mono-and di-saccharides on the two treatments as compared with sorbic acid and FJLB addition, and their utilization efficiency of water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) was lower than that of both sorbic acid and FJLB additions. Sorbic acid addition showed the lowest content of ethanol and ammonia-N/total nitrogen, and the highest content of residual fructose and total mono-and disaccharides as well as the higher lactic acid/acetic acid value. Sorbic acid addition decreased the loss of mono-and disaccharides, and inhibited the activity of clostridial and other undesirable bacteria, and greatly increased the utilization efficiency of fermentable substrates by epiphytic LAB. FJLB addition had the lowest pH value and the highest lactic acid content among all additive treatments, with the most intensive lactic acid fermentation occurring in FJLB treated silage. This resulted in the faster accumulation of lactic acid and faster pH reduction. Sorbic acid and FJLB addition depressed clostridia or other undesirable bacterial fermentation which decreased the WSC loss and saved the fermentable substrate for lactic acid fermentation.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.96-102
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of energy source on development of in vitro matured and fertilized porcine 2-cell embryos. The effects of glucose and phosphate for in vitro development of porcine 2-cell embryos were determined using modified BMOC-II medium. The results obtained are as follows. 1. In the absence of glucose and phosphate in the culture medium, 15.2% of porcine embryos developed 4-cell stage or further but morula formation was completely blocked. 2. The addition to 5mM glucose in the culture medium decreased rate of embryo reached 4-cell stage or further but increased morula stage as compared with addition to 0mM and 2.5mM glucose, regardless of the presence of phosphate. The addition to glucose in the culture medium without phosphate increased rate of embryo reached 4-cell stage or further and morula stage as compared with both addition to glucose and phosphate, regardless of added glucose concentration.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.388-392
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• 2000

An on-line glucose flow injection analysis system was developed and used for the automatic analysis and addition of glucose in the cultivationof a Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a korean paper digestion wastewater in order to increase the cell concentration. The system was composed of a ceramic sampler a sampling valve an injection valve an immobilized glucose oxidase column a debbble a flow cell with platinum electrodes a potentiostat a computer and interface system and tubing pumps. The glucose concentration of the wastewater medium was mainitained at the low concentration of $176{\pm}31 mg/L$ with the on-line FIA system and by adding glucose and $>(NH_4)_2S0_4$ the cell concentration as total cell count can be increased by 3.1times.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2021

In electrochemical glucose sensing, the enhancement of the sensitivity and the response time is essential in developing stable and reliable sensors, especially for continuous glucose monitoring. We developed a method to increase the sensitivity and to shorten the response time for the sensing upon the appropriate addition of single wall carbon nanotube onto the osmium polymer-based hydrogel electrode. Also, the background stabilization is dramatically enhanced.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 1996

Effect of glucose addition to xylose medium on xylitol production was investigated by using Candida parapsilosis ATCC 21019 mutant. With increasing the ratio of glucose to xylose in total amount of 50 g/l as glucose and/or xylose, xylitol production was decreased but ethanol and glycerol production were increased. Ethanol and glycerol concentration were maxmum in 10 g/l of xylose and 40 g/l of glucose medium as 21.5 g/l and 3.6 g/l, respecti- vely. No xylitol was formed in glucose medium without xylose because xylitol could be not produced from glucose. With increasing the ratio of glucose to xylose, the activity of xylose reductase which converted xylose to xylitol were decreased. The activities of xylitol dehydrogeiiase which converted xylitol to xylulose and then cell materials were found to be constant regardless of the ratio of glucose to xylose. This results indicated that glucose addition to xylose medium on cell growth was not affected. In order to prevent the inhibitory effect of glucose on xylitol production, glucose in a fermentor was fed with low concentration and then ethanol and glycerol was critically decreased and the xylitol yield from xylose of the culture with glucose feeding was recovered the almost same as that with only 50 g/l of xylose. However, the xylitol yield from total sugars (xylose and glucose) was decreased and glucose was not contributed to xylitol production. Therefore, the fermentation at high concentration of xylose without glucose was carried out. A final xylitol concentration of 242 g/l which corresponding 80.7% of xylitol yield was obtained from 300 g/l of xylose for 273 hours.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.466-472
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• 1990

The effect of sugar addition and heat treatment on the myofibrillar protein extractability was studied. Maillard reaction was dependent on heating time significantly and glucose revealed the highest reactivity for Maillard reaction. The extractability of myofibrillar proteins was lowest in case of glucose addition and decreased according to increasing of heating time, Higher extractability was resulted in by digestion of myofibrillar proteins with enzymes after sugar addition and heat treatment than the undigested samples, as the sample was digested with trypsin that is the highest. And by digestion with trypsin, chymotrypsin and peptidase at a time the extractability of meat proteins increased remarkably.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1989

This study was undertaken to find out the effect of eeg albumen concentration and addition of sugars on the functional properties of egg albumen before and after heat treatment at $60^{\circ}C$ for 5 minutes. The turbidity was decreased until 8.3% protein concentration but increased as diluted and decreased again below 3.32% protein concentration before and after the heat treatment. The foaming power was peak at 8.3% protein concentration but decreased as diluted before and after the heat treatment. The foam stability was decreased as diluted before and after the heat treatment. The turbidity was not changed by addition of sucrose before the heat treatment and decreased after the heat treatment. The foaming power was decreased by addition of over 5% sucrose before the heat treatment and decreased by addition of over 2.5% sucrose after the heat treatment . The foam stability was increased by addition of over 5% sucrose before the heat treatment and increased by addition of sucrose after the heat treatment. The turbidity was increased by addition of glucose before the heat treatment and not changed after the heat treatment. The foaming power was decreased by the addition of glucose before the heat treatment and decreased by the addition of over 5% glucose after the heat treatment. The foam stability was decreased by the addition of glucose before and after the heat treatment.