• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.1087-1094
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• 2005

세포 생장과 대사에 있어서 glucose의 세포내 도입은 대부분 동물세포에 필수적이며 이와 같은 도입은 glucose transport protein에 의하여 수행된다. glucose transport protein 중에 GLUT4는 사람과 설치류의 지방조직과 골격근에 있어서 인슐린 자극에 의하여 glucose을 세포내로 도입하는 중요한 역할을 수행한다. 본 연구에서는 한우로부터 이와 같은 GLUT4 유전자를 동정하고 그 발현을 조사하였다. 한우 GLUT4 유전자는 1527bp의 open reading frame으로 구성되어 있으며 509개의 아미노산을 암호화하고 있었다. 그리고 한우 GLUT4 아미노산을 홀스타인, 사람, 생쥐와 비교한 결과 매우 높은 상동성을 나타내었다. 한우 각 조직에 있어서 GLUT4 mRNA의 발현을 확인한 결과 심장에서 가장 높은 발현을 나타내었으며 갈비, 등심, 대장에서는 낮은 발현을 보였다. 그리고 피하지방과 소장지방에서 GLUT4의 발현을 확인하기 위하여 RT-PCR을 수행한 결과 지방조직에서도 발현을 확인할 수 있었다. 한우 intramuscular preadipocyte 세포가 지방세포로 분화하는 과정에 있어서 GLUT4의 발현을 RT-PCR로 확인한 결과 분화에 따라 점차 줄어드는 경향을 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과는 한우 지방조직에서의 GLUT4 기능은 사람과 생쥐에서의 기능과 다르다는 것을 나타낸다.

• 한국영양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국영양학회 1997년도 추계학술대회 초록
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• pp.24-25
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• 1997

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.274-278
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• 2008

Ethanol extracts from the edible mushroom hinmogi (Tremella fuciformis, TF) were used in the investigation of effects on $\alpha$-glucosidase in vitro and on glucose-uptake in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes. Addition of the extract significantly inhibited $\alpha$-glucosidase from small intestine of porcine and of rat (about 42 and 35% of control, respectively), and stimulated glucose uptake (about 100% of control), of which activity was higher than that of maitake (Grifola frondosa) X-fraction, a well known anti-diabetic substance. When the ethanol extracts were further partitioned successively by organic solvents and purified by silica gel chromatography, the non-polar layer (F-7) from hexane layer showed highest stimulatory activity of glucose-uptake among layers tested. The major components of the F-7 were 1-monooleoylglycerol and 1-monopalmitoylglycerol. Our report is the first description of TF with stimulatory activity of glucose-uptake. These results suggest that TF extracts may constitute a new source of glucose transport activator and could be employed as a potential anti-diabetic material for treatment and preventing diabetes.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2009

Taurine is the most abundant free amino acid in the retina and transported into retina via taurine transporter (TauT) at the inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB). In the present study, we investigated whether the taurine transport at the iBRB is regulated by oxidative stress or disease-like state in a conditionally immortalized rat retinal capillary endothelial cell line (TR-iBRB) used as an in vitro model of iBRB. First, [$^3H$]taurine uptake and efflux by TR-iBRB were regulated in the presence of extracellular $Ca^{2+}$. [$^3H$]Taurine uptake was inhibited and efflux was enhanced under $Ca^{2+}$ free condition in the cells. In addition, oxidative stress inducing agents such as tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), diethyl maleate (DEM) and glutamate increased [$^3H$]taurine uptake and decreased [$^3H$]taurine efflux in TR-iBRB cells. Whereas, 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), which is known to NO donor decreased [$^3H$]taurine uptake. Lastly, TR-iBRB cells exposed to high glucose (25 mM) medium and the [$^3H$]taurine uptake was reduced about 20% at the condition. Also, [$^3H$]taurine uptake was decreased by cytochalasin B, which is known to glucose transport inhibitor. In conclusion, taurine transport in TR-iBRB cells is regulated diversely at extracellular $Ca^{2+}$, oxidative stress and hyperglycemic condition. It suggested that taurine would play a role as a retinal protector in diverse disease states.

• BMB Reports
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.285-292
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• 2001

Insulin stimulates glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue and thus maintains normal blood glucose level in our body. Derangement of this process causes many grave health problems. Insulin stimulates glucose transport primarily by recruiting GLUT4 from its intracellular storage sites to the plasma membrane. The process is complex and involves GLUT4 trafficking through multiple subcellular compartments (organelles) and many protein functions, details of which are poorly understood. This review summarizes a recent development to isolate and characterize the individual intracellular GLUT4 compartments and to illustrate how this compartmental analysis will help to identify the insulin-sensitive step or steps in the insulin-induced GLUT4 recruitment in rat adipocytes. The review does not cover the recent exciting development in identification of many proteins implicated in this process.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.45-50
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• 1975

Uptake of $^{14}C$-sorbose and $^{14}C$-3-O-methylglucose by ungerminated conidia of Neurospora crassa was measured by means of the millipore filter technique. Initial rates of jptake of both sorbose and 3-O-methylglucose show a marked dependence optimal pH for uptake of both sugars is close to 4.75. When ungerminated conidia are "starved" with buffer for a prolonged period of time prior to assaying their transport capacity and mycelia, no de-repression of the glucose-repressible sugar transport system is effectuated in contrast to the findings for germinated conidia.d conidia.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.738-746
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• 1996

In order to anticipate the physiological function of dietary fibers, glucose and bile acid retarding effects were experimented by using in vitro methods based on dialysis for commercial fibers and dietary fiber residue of food samples. The glucose retarding effect in commercial fibers increased in the order of alginic acid, guar gum, CM-cellulose, citrus pectin > apple pectin > $\alpha$-cellulose and the effect in food fiber residues increased in the order of sea mustard > Korean cabbage, apple > rice bran, barley, soybean, and tangerine. The bile acid retarding effect in commercial fibers increased in the order of citrus pectin, guar gum > CM-cellulose, alginic acid > apple pectin > $\alpha$-cellulose and the effect in food fiber residues increased in the order of barley, rice bran > sea mustard > tangerine > Korean cabbage, soybean > apple. The higher the retarding effect of glucose movement through the dialysis membrane, the more effective the control of the human blood glucose level. As the retarding effect of bile acid movement across the dialysis membrane increased, the human serum cholesterol level correspondingly reduced. Consequently these in vitro methods can be used as a preceding test before undertaking animal and human experiments to predict the physioloical effects of fiber residues from diverse food samples as well as commercially refined fibers.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.621-626
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• 2002

In the case of immobilizing of glucose oxidase (GOx) in polypyrrole (PPy) conducting polymer using electrosynthesis, the GOx obstructs charge transfer and mass transport during the film growth. This may lead to short chained polymer and/or make charge-coupling weak between the GOx and the backbone of the PPy. That is mainly due to insulating property and net chain of the GOx. Since being the case, it is useless to increase in amount of GOx mere than reasonable in the synthetic solution. We improved the amount of immobilized GOx into the PPy by adding a little ethanol in the synthetic solution without any more amount of GOx in the solution. We electrochemically analyzed an improvement in the immobilizing event. For the glucose sensing, when ethanol was added by 0.1 mol $dm^{-3}$ in the synthetic solution, the Michaelis constant of the resulting enzyme electrode was about 32 mmol $dm^{-3}$ and maximum current was about $146\mu A$.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.1257-1262
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• 2007

혈당강하 효능을 갖는 버섯배양곡물을 개발하기 위하여 수종의 버섯균과 버섯배양곡물의 식후 혈당상승 억제 효과를 조사하였다. 균사체의 포도당 투과지연 효과를 측정한 결과 120분 동안 투석후 전체 포도당 중 $13.1{\pm}3.6{\sim}41.8{\pm}8.0%$의 포도당이 투석막 내액에 잔존하는 것으로 나타나 대부분의 균사체가 pectin보다 포도당의 투석막 밖으로의 투과를 지연시키는 효과가 컸다. 당뇨쥐에 균사체를 투여한 후 혈당변화를 조사한 결과 맥아당 섭취후 30분 경과시 $389.4{\pm}43.8{\sim}426.3{\pm}49.4mg/dL$로 대조구의 $535.3{\pm}78.6mg/dL$에 비해 상당히 낮은 값을 나타내어 버섯균사체의 식후 혈당상승 억제 효과가 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 Phellinus linteus와 Paecilomyces japonica의 효과가 우수하였다. Paecilomyces japonica를 배양한 버섯배양곡물을 당뇨쥐에 투여한 후 혈당변화를 조사한 결과 버섯 균사를 배양하지 않은 곡물에 비해 현저히 낮은 식후 혈당상승을 나타내어 버섯배양곡물이 우수한 혈당강하 효능을 나타냄을 알 수 있었고 특히 버섯배양 보리의 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.200-208
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• 2004

Objective: Non-insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) is characterized by insulin resistance, which affects the glucose transportation inside the cell. The purpose of this study was to find out how Palmijihwangtang (PMT) and exercise influence the glucose transport metabolism in the organ muscles of ZDF (zucker diabetic fatty) rat with insulin resistance. Methods: Using three male normal zucker rats and twelve male obese rats, they were divided into a normal lean group (N=3), obese control group (N=3), obese exercises group (N=3), obese medication group (N=3), obese exercise and medication group (N=3). Treadmill exercise were repeated with 27m/min speed for an hour a day, five days a week, for 8 weeks. And 20β/sub ￠/ of PMT was orally administered twice a day for 8 weeks, after that a period blood sample was exsanguinated by heart perforation and was analyzed. Results: The body weight of the OM and OEM group showed a significant decrease among all the obese groups. The blood insulin level increased significantly of all groups in comparison with the N group. All of the OE, OM and the OEM groups showed a significant decrease of insulin level compared with the OC group; especially the OEM group demonstrated the most among obese groups. Regarding GLUT-4 level, OEM was the unique group showed a significant increase among all the obese groups. The VAMP-2 level in myocardium cell membrane was increased significantly at OC group in comparison with the N group, whereas the OEM group only showed significant decrease of it. In addition, the VAMP-2 level in pancreas β-cell was significantly decreased at all the obese groups in comparison with the N group. Only the OEM group showed significant increase among all the obese groups. Conclusion: Palmijihwangtang (PMT) and exercise could effectively promote the insulin metabolism in pancreas β-cells and activate the glucose transport process in myocardium cell membrane by lowering the insulin resistance of ZDF rats.