• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.152-166
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• 2002

Objective : This study was undertaken to determine whether Hominis Placenta(HP) aqua-acupuncture exerts renoprotective effect on diabetic nephropathy induced by streptozotocin(STZ) in rats. Methods : In order to study the renoprotective effect of HP aqua-acupuncture, experimental animals were divided into 5 groups and treated for 2 weeks as follows: control group was injected subcutaneously by saline aqua-acupuncture into Sinsu(BL23) in STZ induced diabetic rats, 5% HP aqua-acupuncture group was injected subcutaneously by 5% HP aqua-acupuncture into Sinsu(BL23) in STZ induced diabetic rats, 10% HP aqua-acupuncture group was injected subcutaneously by 10% HP aqua-acupuncture into Sinsu(BL23) in STZ induced diabetic rats, normal group was injected subcutaneously by saline aqua-acupuncture into Sinsu(BL23) in normal rats, and Captopril group was administrated with captopril at a dose of 50mg/kg in STZ induced diabetic rats. Results : While HP aqua-acupuncture did not reduce any body weight, index of kidney hypertrophy, the plasma glucose concentration and BUN respectively, HP aqua-acupuncture showed lowering urinary albumin excretion rate and serum creatinine as compared with the control group. Gene and protein expressions of $TGF-{\beta}1$ and fibronectin in kidney, one of the extracellular matrix proteins were investigated. There were significant differences in expression levels in HP aqua-acupuncture group as compared with the control group, and $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of HP depressed apoptosis, showing in a dose dependent manner. In the HE staining, HP aqua-acupuncture inhibited the injury of glomerulus and proximal convoluted tubule. Conclusions : HP aqua-acupuncture showed the renoprotective effect possibly through suppressions of $TGF-{\beta}1$ and fibronectin expressions in kidney.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.376-384
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• 2009

This research has microstructure observation to find tissue damage mechanism and radio-protection effect on mouse kidney tissue. The result observation of a Light Microscope(LM); The kidney tissue after 5Gy irradiation observed a glomerulus atrophy, also crack distance to base membrane of a convoluted tubules. The kidney tissue after 10Gy irradiation observed out flow cytoplasm to membrane break of a convoluted tubules. The result observation of a Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM); The kidney tissue of after 5Gy irradiation has to breaking a inside cristae and membrane of mitochondria, also show definite damage of nucleus membrane. 10Gy irradiation has all the more damage a base membrane and thickness of lysosome. However, Propolis eating groups observed normal to nucleus membrane and small body of intracellular. therefore We considered "Propolis" as make radio protection function to kidney tissue of the greater part.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2012

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the name of the primary glomerular disease as well as the terminology to describe the secondary phenomena of any other glomerular diseases. It is characterized by sclerosis, hyalinosis, foam cell infiltration, vacuolar change of podocytes, and halo formation in the glomerulus. Throughout the interstitium, lymphocytes infiltration, tubular atrophy and vascular changes are accompanied. Occasionally, IgM and/or C3 depositions are noted in the sclerotic areas. Electron microscopically, diffuse effacement of foot processes are seen in non-sclerotic area like minimal change disease. Podocyte injury patterns including vacuolar changes are frequently examined. Recently, Columbia group has suggested morphologic classification of FSGS and they demonstrated very good prognosis of tip lesion and poor prognosis of both collapsing and cellular types. However, the pathogenetic classification has been suggested by others; hyperfilteration, podocyte injury, genetic lesions etc. Further studies are necessary to understand and treat this disease.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.357-364
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• 2011

To evaluate hepatoprotective effect of Epimedium Koreanum nakai (EKN) on liver-damaged animal model, rats were intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride (1 ml/kg) for 9 weeks orally. Liver-damaged rats were divided into 2 groups: liver-damaged control (LDC) group and EKN group were administered vehicle (saline), EKN extract per os for 4 weeks respectively. Normal control (NC) group was administered saline as the same process of LDC group. The weights of prostate (absolute), testis (relative), epididymis (relative) and packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of EKN group significantly (P < 0.05) increased compared with LDC group. But Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpusulcar hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) decreased. Fibrotic regions in hepatic parenchyma of EKN group significantly (P < 0.01) decreased compared with LDC group and mean diameters of hepatic lobules significantly (P < 0.01) increased. Percentages of degenerative kidney regions and number of degenerative kidney tubules, number of vasodilated atrophic glomerulus of EKN group was significantly (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) decreased compared with LDC group. Number of atrophic seminiferous tubules and epididymal tubules showing oligospermatozoa of EKN group were significantly (P < 0.01) decreased compared with LDC group. In conclusion, EKN extract has a favorable effect on the $CCl_4$-induced liver damage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.213-213
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• 1996

The effects of the anti-tumor agent, SDZ-y2434, on rat kidney were investigated to predict the toxicities of its derivatives and to develope less toxic derivatives. After adjusted in metabolic cages for 5 days, rats were treated SDZ-62434(acute : 25mg/kg, i.p, once and 50mg/kg, i.p., once; subacute ; 10mg/kg, i.p., daily for 7 days). Kidney weights and urine volume during the treatment were observed. Creatinine concentration, protein concentration and the activities of N-acetyl-${\beta}$-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) in 24 hr urine were also determined. The kidney weights after the acute and subacute administration didn't show any difference. Urine volume increased 5 days after the acute administration (50mg/kg) and 3 days after the subacute administration. The excretion of creatinine was increased 5 days after the acute (50mg/kg) and subacute administration. However, the protein excretion didn't show any change. NAG acivity declined 7 days after the subacute administration. AAP and GGT activites increased 3 days after the acute administration (50mg/kg) but, returned to the control value. LDH activity showed continuousely high value after the subacute administration. These results indicates that the acute administration of SDZ-62434 might damage on glomerulus and that the subacute administration might be cytotoxic to kidney cells.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.110-120
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• 2013

Objectives : The object of this study was to observe the pharmacological effects of Yookmijihwang-tang-gamibang (Liuweidihuang-tang-jiaweifang, YGB) consisted of 17 types of herbs has been traditionally used in Korean medicine for treating various disorders in clinics, aqueous extracts on the genetically obese and type II diabetic C57BL/6JHam-ob/ob(ob/ob) mice. Methods :Three different dosages of YGB were orally administered, once a day for 28 days to ob/ob mice with ob/ob control and C57BL/6JJms normoglycemic intact mice. Four weeks after treatments of YGB: the changes on the body weight, food consumption, blood glucose levels, leptin and adiponectin contents were observed for monitoring the antiobese and antidiabetic effects of YGB. The effects were compared to those of CLA(conjugated linoleic acid) which improve type II diabetes and inhibit related obesity. Results : After end of 28 days of continuous treatments, ob/ob control showed increases of adipocyte hypertrophy, vasodilated atrophic glomerulus which were detected with marked hyperplasia of pancreatic islets, insulin and glucagon producing cells. These obese and related type II diabetes induced in ob/ob mice were markedly and significantly inhibited by 28 days of continuous treatment of three dosages of YGB. The YGB 50mg/kg showed similar favorable effects on the diabetes and related diabetic complications as compared with CLA 750mg/kg in ob/ob mice of the present study. Conclusions : The results obtained in this study suggest that over 25mg/kg of YGB extracts favorably retarded the obese and type II diabetes in genetically obese and type II diabetic ob/ob mice.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.115-121
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• 2004

Experiments were carried out to investigate Cd accumulation, elimination and cell response in juvenile rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) exposed to sub-chronic dietary Cd (0, 0.5, 5, 25 and 125 mg/kg) for 60 days and depuration periods of 30 days. Cd accumulation in the kidney of cock fish increased with exposure periods and concentrations for the 60 days of dietary Cd exposure. After the end of the dietary Cd exposure, Cd accumulation values in the kidney were $52.9{\pm}9.94\;{\mu}g/g$ and $90.6{\pm}15.7\;{\mu}g/g$ for those exposed to 25 mg/kg and 125 mg/kg Cd, respectively. The accumulation factors increased with the exposure period in the kidney. Cd elimination in the kidney of rockfish did not vary significantly and remained constant after the cessation of the dietary Cd exposure. In the primary exposure periods, the effect of kidney tissue in the rockfish exposed to dietary Cd was observed the swelling of capillary of the glomerulus. In addition, there was also hydropic swelling within the pyknotic nuclei, some of hyaline droplet accumulation and the microvilli showed a positive reaction to alcian blue in the tubular cells. While exposure time and concentrations were increased, there was a lot of hyaline droplet accumulation and the microvilli showed a positive reaction to alcian blue in the tubular cells. Fused renal tubule and its necrosis were observed after 60 days at l25 mg/kg.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.1 no.5
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• pp.565-572
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• 1997

In the freshly isolated rat nephron, the effect of endothelin-1, -2 and -3 (ET-1, -2 and -3) on cytosolic free calcium concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) was determined using the fluorescent indicator Fura-2/AM. $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase was investigated in 9 parts of the single nephron including glomerulus (Glm), $S_1,\;S_2,\;S_3$, cortical and medullary thick ascending limb and cortical (CCT) and outer medullary collecting tubule (OMCT). Endothelins increased $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in Glm (ET-1; $127{\pm}17%$, ET-2; $93{\pm}5%$, ET-3; $169{\pm}17%$), CCT (ET-1; $30{\pm}6%$, ET-2; $38{\pm}19%$, ET-3; $158{\pm}18%$) and OMCT (ET-1; $197{\pm}11%$, ET-2; $195{\pm}11%$, ET-3; $215{\pm}37%$) at 10-7 M. In OMCT, ET-1 and ET-2 increased $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in a dose-dependent manner ($10^{-10}{\sim}10^{-6}$ M). To the contrary, ET-3-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ rise was begun from $10^{-12}$ M. BQ-123Na, an antagonist of ETA receptor, at $10^{-4}$ M inhibited about 30% of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ rise induced by ET-1 and -3. Binding experiments using $[^{125}I]ET-3$ showed the existence of $ET_B$ receptor in OMCT. This binding was replaced by ET-1, ET-2 or ET-3 by the almost same degree but not by angiotensin II or vasopressin.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2020

Purpose: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is among etiologies of secondary membranous nephropathy (MN) in pediatric patients. We evaluated expression of phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R), a specific target antigen of primary MN, in pediatric HBV-related MN. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with biopsy-proven HBV-related MN from the renal biopsy registry and electronic medical records of Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea, from 1993 to 2004. Paraffin-embedded human kidney tissues were retrieved and immunohistochemically stained for PLA2R. Results: Ten pediatric patients with 13 biopsied specimens were reviewed. The predominant pathological stage was stage II-III, and second was stage II. The intensity of staining for IgG was greatest, with less intense staining for IgM, IgA, C3, C4, and C1q. All the patients had angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor combined with glucocorticoid, and four patients converted to cyclosporine treatment from glucocorticoid monotherapy. Urinalysis of all the patients normalized after variable period. PLA2R staining was demonstrated in the outer glomerulus in 3 out of 13 biopsies, 2 of which were obtained from the same patient over a 5-year interval. Conclusions: PLA2R was expressed in a small number of cases diagnosed as pediatric HBV-related MN, indicating that some HBV-related MN cases may be primary MN concurrent with HBV infection.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.133-140
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• 2004

The histopathologieal effects of his(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO) on the flounder, Paralichthys otivaceus were examined by means of histological methods. The experimental fishes were exposed to 0.17, 0.36, 0.60, 3.20, 6.30, 12.50 ${\mu}g \;L^{-1}$TBTO concentrations for 42 days. Histopathological change of the fish exposed to TBTO is dependent on the exposure duration and concentration. In the lower concentrations early histological changes included activated mucous cells and chloride cells, capillary hyperemia and epithelial hyperplasia in the gill; hepatocyte activation, degeneration of bile duct and pancyeatic zymogen reduction in the hepatopancreas; and capillary hyperemia, appearance of eosinophilic cell and melano-macrophagocytes in the kidney. At the higher concentrations histological changes of dysfunctionality included epithelial lifting and deformation of the lamellae in the gill; pycnosis and cytoplasmic degeneration of hepatocyte; pycnosis of haemopoietic cell and deformation of renal tubules and glomerulus in the kidney. It is indicated that TBTO induced histopathological changes in the fish as other aquatic pollutants.