• 디자인학연구
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.215-224
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• 2003

21세기는 소득증가에도 불구하고 여가시간의 감소로 인하여 최단시간에 다양한 경험을 할 수 있는 크루즈 여행이 최고의 관광상품으로 부상하게 되었고, 여행수요가 증가함에 따라 신규 크루즈 선박의 건조량이 증가하고 있다. 이에 선박수주 세계 1,2위를 지키고 있는 우리나라 조선업계는 부가가치가 높은 크루즈선 시장 진입을 위한 장기전략을 마련하고 크루즈선의 설계와 시공 능력확보 등의 목표를 설정하였으며, 크루즈 산업에 첫발을 내딛는 현시점에서 크루즈선의 변화의 추이에 관심을 가지고 살펴볼 필요성이 있다. 본 연구는 크루즈 산업의 발전동향과 공간구성의 변화를 시기별로 크측즈의 도약기, 침체기, 발전기, 절정기로 나누어 크루즈 선박 내의 승객거주구역의 공간규모ㆍ비율, 공간구성, 공간유형, 실내디자인 특성의 변화추이에 대하여 분석하여 향후 국내에서 크루즈선을 설계함에 있어 실내디자인계획의 기초자료를 구축하고자 한다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2016

PURPOSES : The aim of this article is to compare and identify eco-friendly competitiveness between (regional) motorway and high-speed rail(HSR) from the perspective of $CO_2$ emission in the Republic of Korea. METHODS : In order for an analysis of low-carbon competitiveness between the two modes, $CO_2e$ emission, $CO_2eppk$ (equivalent $CO_2$ gram per passenger kilometer), is employed as a comparison index. As for HSR, the index is calculated based on the passenger transport data and the gross of $CO_2e$ produced by Kyungbu high-speed line in 2013. Additionally, the gross of $CO_2e$ is computed by the greenhouse gas emission factors of domestic electricity generation mix. Regarding the index of motorway, it is directly calculated using both the official $CO_2e$ emission factor and the passenger-car occupancy of motorway. RESULTS : The results revealed, in the case of inter-regional transport, that the $CO_2e$ emission of displacement-based cars is 54.9% less than that of HSR, as the domestic electric power systems heavily relies on the thermal power plants over 66%. Note that internal combustion engines commonly used for vehicles are more energy-efficient than steam-driven turbines usually utilized for thermal power generation. CONCLUSIONS : It can be seen, at the very least in our study, that HSR has no superiority over motorway in the case of $CO_2e$ emission under the situations of domestic electricity generation mix. In addition, advanced eco-friendly vehicles have strong advantages over HSR. Therefore, all-out efforts should be made to develop and harvest renewable energy sources in order to achieve low-carbon HSR, sparing fossil fuels.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.649-655
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• 2005

Automotive exhaust is suspected to be one of the main reasons of the rapid increase in greenhouse effect gases in ambient air. Although methane emissions are generally orders of magnitude lower than emissions of $CO_{2}$, the global warming potential (GWP) of methane is greater than that of $CO_{2}$. The environmental impact of methane emissions from vehicles is negligible and is likely to remain so for the foreseeable future. In this study, in order to investigate greenhouse gas emission characteristics from gasoline passenger cars, 20 vehicles were tested on the chassis dynamometer and methane emissions were measured. The emission characteristics by model year, mileage, vehicle speed were discussed. Test mode is CVS-15 mode that have been used to regulate for light-duty vehicle in Korea. It was found that $CH_{4}$ emissions showed higher for cold start, old model year and long mileage than hot start, new model year and short mileage, respectively. These results were compared with IPCC emission factors and the overall our results were anticipated to contribute for domestic greenhouse gas emissions calculation.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.14-24
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• 2018

교통카드를 이용하는 승객의 지하철역사내에서 보행이동은 직승직하, 노선환승, 역사환승 3가지로 구분된다. 직승직하는 단말기노선과 열차노선이 동일한 상황에서 나타나는 통행을 의미한다. 직승은 출발역에서 직하는 도착역에서 각각 나타난다. 노선환승은 승객이 하차 및 승차한 열차노선이 다른 상황에서 발생한다. 노선환승은 출발역과 도착역이 아닌 중간역의 환승보행통행이다. 역사환승은 단말기노선과 열차노선이 다른 경우 나타난다. 역사환승은 출발역에서 출발환승과 도착역에서 도착환승으로 나타난다. 수도권 교통카드는 출발역 및 도착역 단말기노선번호가 기록되나 열차노선정보가 존재하지 않는다. 따라서 지하철역사를 보행하는 승객의 전체흐름을 분석하기 위해서 카드자료가 활용되지 못하고 있다. 본 연구는 교통카드자료의 제한된 정보를 활용하여 지하철역사내 승객의 보행이동 분석모형을 제안한다. 이를 위해 출발역과 도착역을 연결하는 경로선택모형을 구축하여 열차노선을 분석하는 개념을 적용한다. 수도권지하철을 대상으로 사례연구를 시행하여 보행통행을 분석한다.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.65-92
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• 2017

Purpose: The performance of global major airports is evaluated and several research questions are examined relative to the measures characterizing airport performance. Methods: The two-stage internal structure of airport performance is considered by decomposing it into physical operations and revenue generation. In the physical operations stage, operating costs, number of runways, terminal area and number of employees are used as inputs, while passenger throughput, cargo throughput and aircraft movements are taken as outputs. Subsequently, in the revenue generation stage, the outputs from the preceding stage are taken as inputs, while revenue is used as output. Results: Based upon this two-stage modeling of airport performance, a multiplicative two-stage network data envelopment analysis model is employed to calculate the overall and stage efficiencies of 59 airports using the recent data in the 2014 Airport Benchmarking Report published by the Air Transport Research Society. Several internal and external factors are also considered such as airport size, airport geographical location, proportion of international passengers, ownership (listed or not) and management style, and statistical analysis is performed to examine their impacts on airport performance. Conclusion: It is shown that the airports exhibit statistically significant difference across regions, and also some statistically significant factors affecting airport performance are identified.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.135-146
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• 2013

This study investigates the characteristic of the Tsushima Warm Current from an assimilated high resolution global ocean prediction model, $1/12^{\circ}$ Global HYbrid Coordiate Ocean Model (HYCOM). The model results were verified through a comparison with current measurements obtained by acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) mounted on the passenger ferryboat between Busan, Korea, and Hakata, Japan. The annual mean transport of the Tsushima Warm Current was 2.56 Sverdrup (Sv) (1 Sv = $10^6m^3s^{-1}$), which is similar to those from previous studies (Takikawa et al. 1999; Teague et al. 2002). The volume transport time series of the Tsushima Warm Current from HYCOM correlates to a high degree with that from the ADCP observation (the correlation coefficient between the two is 0.82). The spatiotemporal structures of the currents as well as temperature and salinity from HYCOM are comparable to the observed ones.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.449-464
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• 2016

Objective: The objective of this study is to identify essential requirements of the instrument cluster's features and layout for elderly drivers through interview and paper prototyping. Background: Recent updates implemented in passenger vehicles require more complex information to be processed by drivers. Concurrently, a large portion of the US population, the baby boomer generation has aged, causing their physical and cognitive abilities to deter. Thus it is crucial that new methods be implemented into vehicle design in order to accommodate for the deterioration of mental and physical abilities. Method: Forty elderly drivers and twenty young drivers participated in this study. The test included three sessions including: 1) location value assessment to identify the priority of areas within the instrument cluster; 2) component value assessment to capture rankings of the degree of importance and frequency of use for possible instrument cluster components; and 3) paper prototyping to collect self-designed cluster with selection of designs for each component and location of features from each participant. Results: Results revealed differences in the area priority of the instrument cluster as well as the shape and location of component features for age and gender groups. Conclusion: The study provided insights on instrument cluster layout guidelines by proving elderly driver's mental model and preferred cluster design configurations to improve driving safety. Application: LCD-based vehicle instrument cluster design, with an adaptable feature configuration for cluster components and layouts.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.14-19
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• 2015

Recently, R&D demand for environmental friendly vehicle has rapidly increased due to its global environmental issues such as global warming, energy and economic crisis. Under this situation, the most realistic alternative way for environmental friendly vehicle is a clean diesel vehicle. The common-rail fuel injection system, as key technology of clean diesel vehicle, consists of a high pressure pump, common-rail, high pressure fuel line and electronic control injector. In common-rail high-pressure fuel injection system, high pressure wave of injection system and geometry of injector elements have a major effects on high-pressure fuel spray. Therefore, in this study, the numerical model was developed for analysis about the common-rail fuel pressure pulsation by using AMESim code. We could secure stability of common-rail high-pressure fuel injection system through optimal design of fuel line.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2022년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.204-206
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• 2022

The global economy and the air transport business have been affected since the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. As countries tighten restrictions on international movements, the growing emphasis on air cargo puts pressure on airports to maintain and upgrade their cargo policies, facilities, and operations. Hence, ensuring the competitiveness of cargo airports becomes pivotal for airports survival under the volatile global demand. The study aims to evaluate the importance of the competitiveness factors for cargo airports and identify areas for further improvement. The study applies the Best-Worst Method (BWM) to assess the cargo airports' competitiveness factors: 'Transport Capacity,' 'Airport Operations and Facility Capacity,' 'Economic Growth,' 'Financial Performance,' and 'Airport Brand Value.' The selected airports include Heathrow Airport, Aéroport de Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Hong Kong International Airport, and Incheon International Airport. The results identify 'Transport Capacity' as the most significant competitiveness factor, and Hong Kong International Airport the best performing cargo airport. This research forms a reference framework for evaluating cargo airports' competitive position, which may help identify airports' relative strengths and weaknesses. Moreover, this framework can also serve as a tool facilitating the strategic design of airports that may accommodate both air cargo and passenger demand flexibly under the demand uncertainty.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.178-186
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• 2017

Air travel has become an essential part of the global society and its sustainable development is expected. Airlines profit structure and network operation will be influenced by internalization of external costs like emission charge. This additional cost of the airlines will be directly pose air ticket fare increase and demand of air passenger will be decreased. EU-ETS is a part of environmental binding to airlines fly to EU territory airports. This study analyzes the impact of emission charges by application of EU-ETS on airlines network change. For long-term forecast, a reliable estimation of the future price of carbon dioxide (CO2) will be used.