• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.517-525
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• 2021

The study investigates the behavior of Asian banks in response to the subprime mortgage crisis and examines how countries that have experimented with a mix of conventional and Islamic banking managed their balance sheet during that period. The study carries out an independent mean t-test comparing the difference of leverage of 464 conventional commercial Asian banks pre- and post-crisis from the largest twenty-five Asian economies based on GDP (2007). The analysis uses 10-year unbalanced panel data of conventional banks and employs the generalized least squares estimation using a dummy variable event window method to capture the response of Asian banks. The study finds evidence of a structural change in the capital structure of Asian commercial banks in response to the financial crisis. Findings suggest that conventional banks increased their capital position more in countries that have both Islamic and conventional banking than those countries without Islamic banking services. By having Islamic banking in their product portfolio, countries can exert market discipline on conventional banks. The study identifies a significant role of global macroeconomic shocks on banks liability structure decision-making. Evidence shows that this increase in capital positioning by banks was a permanent rather than a temporary response.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.217-227
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• 2022

Predicting return and volatility in the global Capital Market during a pandemic is challenging, and it is more difficult for a specific sector, particularly if that sector has a positive outlook. The goal of this research is to look at the impact of COVID-19 on the mean and volatility of the Information Technology Indexes of the best nine technology-driven countries based on return performance using an econometric GARCH model that is widely used. The daily returns of information technology indexes are evaluated for the same from November 2018 to February 2021. Data is taken from Yahoo Finance for CAC Tech (France), DAX Tech (Germany), FTSE All Tech (UK), KOPSI 200 IT (Korea), NIFTY IT (India), S&P 500 IT (US), S&P TSX (Canada), SSE_IT (China) and TOPIX17 (Japan). The results show daily positive mean returns for 8 countries' IT Indices and further, an uptrend in mean daily returns is observed in the crisis period for 6 countries' IT Indices. The exogenous variable COVID-19 which was taken as a regressor for the GARCH model was found to be positively significant for IT indices of all the countries. The overall results confirm the presence of the mean-reverting phenomenon for IT indices of all the countries.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.327-346
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• 2023

In the recent 20 years, the capital flows between Korea and European Union have increased and diversified. In particular, the business cycles of two economies have shown similar patterns since the Global Financial Crisis. This study examines both trends and investigates the roles of finance and trade on business cycle co-movements between two economies. The empirical results show that the business cycles can diverge due to either the common shocks or the country-specific shocks. Furthermore, financial integration increases the business cycle co-movements driven by both the country-specific shocks and the common shocks between two economies.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권7호
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• pp.323-331
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• 2021

This paper examines the relationship between ownership structure and level cash holdings in an emerging country, namely, Saudi Arabia, by constructing a corporate governance mechanism (foreign ownership, family ownership, institutional and managerial ownership). This paper uses data from 100 listed firms at Saudi Stock Exchange (TADAWUL) from 2011 to 2019. The firm's decision to hold cash has come to the fore in the last two or three years as a result of the recent global financial crisis, and the impact that this has had on the firms' ability to raise funds from external sources. Using the random-effect generalized least square (GLS) regression model, the findings reveal that foreign and family ownership negatively influences cash holdings, while managerial ownership has a positive association with cash holdings. Further, institutional ownership did not have a direct effect on cash holdings in Saudi Arabia. Our results suggest that ownership structure include foreign ownership, family and managerial ownership is an essential vehicle to promote the performance of cash holding of all the 100 public-listed non-financial firms in Saudi Arabia. We recommend that sound policies should be targeted toward foreign ownership, family, and managerial ownership since they are essential to improve cash holding in Saudi Arabian firms.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권12호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2021

We investigate competition and its impact on borrowers' indebtedness (BI) in South Asian microfinance. Our empirical investigations are based on a comprehensive panel dataset of 355 MFIs located in seven countries in South Asia. The empirical results revealed that microfinance in South Asia is imperfectly competitive and the existing industry shows a monopolistic competition during the period under consideration. Also, the competition increased after the global financial crisis (GFC) in 2007-08 which implies that microfinance uses hostile lending behavior through the adverse selection that is highly risky and it can induce repayment crisis. The empirical findings also show that increased competition has significant negative effects on borrowers' indebtedness, particularly in large-scale and regulated microfinance organizations (MFIs). Instead of using equity financing, debt financing could be a better option. Finally, we find that while competition seems to have some positive effects in economic discourse by channeling technological improvements in products and services, its negative effects in microfinance outweigh the benefits over costs, particularly in poverty-stricken nations. The findings are helpful for the policymakers, microfinance industry, investors, borrowers, and Central Bank of South Asian markets.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권9호
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• pp.263-269
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• 2022

The global financial crisis of 2008-2009 and the COVID-19 pandemic that started in 2019 along with the slow and unstable recovery of the global economy have raised concerns about the impact of global uncertainty on the macroeconomics of the countries. The paper used the Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) model to examine the impact of global uncertainty shocks on Vietnam's economy from the period 2008-2022. We found that Vietnam's output dropped following the shock of global uncertainty, the peak was in the third month, and lasted for one year. Inflation in Vietnam had a rapid downturn in the first month, peaked in the seventh month, and took a long time to cease. When the economy experienced the shock of increased global uncertainty, Vietnam's policy interest rate was adjusted downward. Additionally, we included a long-term interest rate to consider the overall impact of monetary policy into account. A decreasing trend was also found with this rate. The global uncertainty shock effects acted as the aggregate demand shocks, reducing output and inflation as the uncertainty increases and vice versa, thus monetary policy can be used to regulate Vietnam's economy to deal with negative shocks without the trade-offs between output and inflation as aggregate supply shocks.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.121-148
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 2007-2008의 글로벌 금융위기 기간 동안에 이중차분법 설계(Differences in Differences Design)를 사용해서 회계보수주의가 한국거래소에 상장된 비금융기업들의 투자 지출에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 구체적으로 본 연구에서는 신용위기 이전의 사전적 회계보수주의의 수준이 사후적인 투자 감소 정도를 설명하는데 도움이 되는지를 분석하였다. 실증적 분석결과, 과거의 연구들과 일치하게(Campello et al. 2010; Duchin et al. 2010) 기업들은 금융위기 기간 중에 투자의 감소를 경험하였다. 이에 추가로 더 보수적인 재무보고를 하는 기업들은 덜 보수적인 재무보고를 하는 기업들에 비하여 금융위기의 시작 이후에 투자의 감소폭이 더 작게 나타났다. 또한 과소투자로부터 손실이 발생할 가능성이 더 높은 기업들에서 더 보수적인 회계방법을 사용하는 기업들의 투자가 더 작게 감소된다는 것을 제시하였다. 또한 외부 자금조달에 대하여 상대적으로 더 큰 비용을 지불해야하는 기업들(재무적으로 제약된 기업들)과 외부자금조달의 필요성이 상대적으로 더 큰 기업들(내적 재무조달 자원이 부족한 기업들)에서 보수주의의 더 높은 효익을 발견하였다. 이러한 결과들은 보수주의 재무보고가 금융위기 기간 중에 과소투자를 완화시킨다는 해석을 지지하는 것이다. 본 연구 결과가 신용공급 충격이라기보다는 수요충격에 대한 민감성을 반영할 수도 있는 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 북한의 핵실험으로 비롯된 위기에 따른 부의 수요충격에 대하여 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 1년 이전의 보수주의 측정치는 북한의 핵실험에 따른 이후 기간의 투자와 관련성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 본 연구 결과가 수요 충격으로 부터 발생하지 않았고, 공급 충격으로 발행하였다는 것을 제시한다. 마지막으로, 본 연구는 금융위기 기간 중에 회계보수주의의 역할이 채권의 발행과 주식수익률에 영향을 미치는가를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 더 높은 수준의 보수주의를 사용하는 기업들이 금융위기 기간 중에 부채를 통한 자금조달 능력의 감소폭이 더 낮게 나타났다는 것을 발견하였다. 또한 더 높은 수준의 보수주의를 사용하는 기업들의 주식 가격 하락폭이 더 낮게 나타났다. 종합하면, 이러한 결과는 보수주의가 기업의 대출능력을 향상시키고 과소투자를 완화한다는 예상과 일치하는 것이다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.189-201
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• 2022

The study empirically examines the impact of monetary fundamentals along with global oil prices on the Pak-rupee exchange rate using the monthly data over 2001-2020. Employing the cointegrating vector autoregressive with exogenous variables (VARX) and vector error correction model with exogenous variables (VECMX), the study analyzes the impact of domestic monetary fundamentals while considering the foreign variables as weakly exogenous. In order to account for the structural breaks in the data, the Lagrange multiplier (LM) unit root test with two structural breaks has been used (Lee & Strazicich, 2003). The empirical results reveal that the domestic and foreign monetary variables significantly explain the exchange rate movements in Pakistan both in the long run and in the short run. The dynamic properties of the monetary model of exchange rate have been analyzed using the persistence profile analysis and generalized impulse response functions (GIRFs). The results reveal that the responses of shocks to domestic monetary fundamentals are consistent with the predictions of the monetary model of the exchange rate. Furthermore, being a net oil importer, a rise in global oil prices significantly depreciated the Pak-rupee exchange rate over the period of study. The global financial crisis (GFC) and pandemic (COVID-19) were also found to cause the Pak-rupee exchange rate depreciation.

• 무역학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.19-38
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• 2021

This study aims to analyze the foreign asset leverage effect on Korean oil & gas companies' foreign profits and to maintain the appropriate foreign asset volume for reducing exchange risk. For a long time, large Korean companies, including oil companies, overheld foreign currency liabilities. For this reason, most large companies have been burdened to hedge exchange risk and this excess limit holding deteriorated total profit and reduced foreign currency asset management efficiency. Our paper proceeds in presenting a three-stage analysis considering diversified exchange risk factors through estimation on transformation of foreign transactions a/c including annual trends of foreign asset and industry specifics. We also supplement incomplete the estimation method through a practical hedging case investigation. Our research parts are differentiated on the analyzing four periods considering period-specifics The FER value of the oil firms ranged from -0.3 to +2.3 over the entire period. The results of the FER Value are volatile and irregular; those results do not represent the industry standard comparative index. The Korean oil firms are over the credit limit without accurate prediction and finance high interest rate funds from foreign-owned banks on the basis on a biased relationship. Since the IMF crisis, liabilities of global firms have decreased. Above all, oil firms need to finance a minimum limit without opportunity losses on the demand forecast and prepare for uncertainty in the market. To reduce exchange risk from the over-the-limit position, we must consider factors that affect the corporate exchange risk on the entire business process, including the contract phase.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.242-253
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• 2019

2008년 글로벌 금융위기가 유동성위험에서 촉발되었으므로 금융위기 이후 유동성위험 관리방안에 대해 많은 연구들이 수행되었다. 그러나 투자자 보호 정도가 은행들의 유동성위험에 영향을 미치는지에 대해서는 전 세계적으로 아직 연구된 바가 없으므로 본 연구에서는 투자자 보호와 유동성위험과의 관계를 고찰하고 정책적 시사점을 도출하였다. 경제협력개발기구(OECD) 21개국 상업은행들을 대상으로 패널데이터를 구축하여 분석한 결과, 투자자에 대한 보호 수준이 높을수록 은행들의 유동성위험이 낮아짐을 발견하였다. 또한 투자자 보호의 이러한 긍정적 효과는 금융위기 기간 동안 더욱 강화되는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 금융위기 기간 동안 시행되는 강력한 경기부양책으로 인해 시장에 의한 규율이 약화된 상황에서 법적인 투자자 보호제도가 은행들의 건전성 제고에 기여할 수 있음을 시사한다.