• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.171-185
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• 2001

The design of tall buildings has recently provided many challenges to structural engineers. One such challenge is to minimise the cross-sectional dimensions of columns to ensure greater floor space in a building is attainable. This has both an economic and aesthetics benefit in buildings, which require structural engineering solutions. The use of high strength steel in tall buildings has the ability to achieve these benefits as the material provides a higher strength to cross-section ratio. However as the strength of the steel is increased the buckling characteristics become more dominant with slenderness limits for both local and global buckling becoming more significant. To arrest the problems associated with buckling of high strength steel, concrete filling and encasement can be utilised as it has the affect of changing the buckling mode, which increases the strength and stiffness of the member. This paper describes an experimental program undertaken for both encased and concrete filled composite columns, which were designed to be stocky in nature and thus fail by strength alone. The columns were designed to consider the strength in axial compression and were fabricated from high strength steel plate. In addition to the encased and concrete filled columns, unencased columns and hollow columns were also fabricated and tested to act as calibration specimens. A model for the axial strength was suggested and this is shown to compare well with the test results. Finally aspects of further research are addressed in this paper which include considering the effects of slender columns which may fail by global instabilities.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.441-457
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• 2007

A new numerical model based on the spline finite strip method is presented here for the analysis of buckling of built-up columns with and without end stay plates. The channels are modelled with spline finite strips while the connecting elements are represented by a 3D beam finite element, for which the stiffness matrix is modified in order to ensure complete compatibility with the strips. This numerical model has the advantage to give all possible failure modes of built-up columns for different boundary conditions. The end stay plates are also taken into account in this method. To validate the model a comparative study was carried out. First, a general procedure was chosen and adopted. For each numerical analysis, the lowest buckling loads and modes were calculated. The basic or "pure" buckling modes were identified and their critical loads were compared with solutions obtained using analytical methods and/or other numerical methods. The results showed that the proposed numerical model can be used in practice to study the elastic buckling of built-up columns. This model is considered accurate and efficient for the local buckling of short columns and global buckling for slender columns.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.289-304
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• 2000

This study discusses on the experimental and analytical results of the global buckling tests, carried out on aluminum alloy double layer space grids composed of tubular members, ball joints and connecting bolts at the member ends, with the purpose of demonstrating the effectiveness of a simplified analysis method using an equivalent slenderness ratio for the members. Because very few experiments have been carried out on this type of aluminum space grids, the buckling behavior is investigated experimentally over the post buckling regions using several space grid specimen with various values for the member slenderness ratio. The observed behavior duping the experiments is compared with the analytically obtained results. The comparison is made based on two different schemes; one on the plastic hinge method considering a bending moment-axial force interaction for members and the other on a method using an equivalent slenderness ratio. It is confirmed that the equivalent slenderness method can be effectively applied, even in the post buckling regions, once the effects of the rotational rigidity at the ball joints are appropriately evaluated, because the rigidity controls the buckling behavior. The effectiveness of the equivalent slenderness method will be widely utilized for estimation of the ultimate strength, even in post buckling regions for large span aluminum space grids composed of an extreme large number of nodes and members.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.561-580
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• 2020

Buckling restrained braces (BRBs) were developed as an enhanced alternative to conventional braces by restraining their global buckling, thus allowing development of a stable quasi-symmetric hysteretic response. A wider adoption of buckling restrained braced frames is precluded due to proprietary character of most BRBs and the code requirement for experimental qualification. To overcome these problems, BRBs with capacities corresponding to typical steel multi-storey buildings in Romania were developed and experimentally tested in view of prequalification. In the second part of this paper, a complex nonlinear numerical model for the tested BRBs was developed in the finite element environment Abaqus. The calibration of the numerical model was performed at both component (material models: steel, concrete, unbonding material) and member levels (loading, geometrical imperfections). Geometrically and materially nonlinear analyses including imperfections were performed on buckling restrained braces models under cyclic loading. The calibrated models were further used to perform a parametric study aiming at assessing the influence of the strength of the buckling restraining mechanism, concrete class of the infill material, mechanical properties of steel used for the core, self-weight loading, and frame effect on the cyclic response of buckling restrained braces.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권1A호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2006

일축대칭의 단면특성을 갖는 T형 부재는 단면의 특성상 축방향 압축력으로 인하여 전체좌굴이 발생할 경우 휨-비틀림 좌굴이 지배모드가 된다. 인발성형 T형 부재의 휨-비틀림 좌굴거동을 실험적 연구를 통하여 알아보았다. E-glass/vinylester와 E-glass/polyester로 만들어진 2종류의 인발성형 부재가 사용되었으며, 보강층의 배치, 보강층의 두께, 구성물질의 부피비, 역학적 성질 등을 실험적으로 규명하였다. 좌굴실험에서 휨 및 비틀림에 대한 단순지지 조건을 만족시키기 위해서 knife edge를 사용하였으며, 3개의 potentiometer를 사용하여 실험체의 횡변위와 비틀림각을 측정하였다. 모든 실험체에 휨-비틀림 좌굴이 발행하였으며, 대부분의 실험체가 후좌굴 강도를 가지고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.693-718
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• 2016

This paper presents a finite element procedure based on Bridging multi-scale method (BMM) in order to incorporate the effect of local/cross-sectional deformations (e.g., flange local buckling and web crippling) on the global behaviour of thin-walled members made of fibre-reinforced polymer composite laminates. This method allows the application of local shell elements in critical regions of an existing beam-type model. Therefore, it obviates the need for using computationally expensive shell elements in the whole domain of the structure, which is otherwise necessary to capture the effect of the localized behaviour. Consequently, highly accurate analysis results can be achieved with this method by using significantly smaller finite element model, compared to the existing methods. The proposed method can be used for composite polymer laminates with arbitrary fibre orientation directions in different layers of the material, and under various loading conditions. Comparison with full shell-type finite element analysis results are made in order to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed technique.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.393-403
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• 2019

Cold-formed steel (CFS) has a great potential to meet the global challenge of fast-track and durable construction. CFS members undergo large buckling instabilities due to their small wall thickness. CFS beams with corrugated webs have shown great resistance towards web buckling under flexure, when compared to the conventional I-sections. However, the magnitude of global imperfections significantly affects the performance of CFS members. This paper presents the first attempt made to experimentally study the effect of global imperfections on the structural efficiency of various strengthening schemes implemented in CFS beams with corrugated webs. Different strengthening schemes were adopted for two types of beams, one with large global imperfections and the other with small imperfections. Strength and stiffness characteristics of the beams were used to evaluate the structural efficiency of the various strengthening schemes adopted. Six tests were performed with simply supported end conditions, under four-point loading conditions. The load vs. mid-span displacement response, failure loads and modes of failure of the test specimens were investigated. The test results would compensate the lack of experimental data in this area of research and would help in developing numerical models for extensive studies for the development of necessary guidelines on the same. Strengthening schemes assisted in enhancing the member performance significantly, both in terms of strength and stiffness. Hence, providing an economic and time saving solution to such practical structural engineering problems.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.411-422
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 고강도 강관과 PHC pile을 활용한 흙막이 버팀보의 좌굴거동과 설계를 수행하였다. 조립기둥의 형식 세가지와, 연결방식, 버팀보의 전체길이(30m, 60m, 90m)에 따라 다양한 버팀보 시스템에 대한 좌굴해석을 하였고, 주부재의 국부좌굴 및 전체좌굴, 사재좌굴에 대해 유한요소해석을 통해 계산된 좌굴하중을 엄밀해와 비교분석하였다. 고강도강관 설계가이드와 PHC pile로 조립된 기둥의 P-M상관도를 활용하여 조립기둥의 설계를 수행하였다.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.215-241
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• 2014

Steel catenary riser (SCR) is a popular/economical solution for the oil/gas production in deep and ultra-deep water. The behavioral characteristics of SCR have a high correlation with the motion of floating production facility at its survival and operational environments. When large motions of surface floaters occur, such as FPSO in 100-yr storm case, they can cause unacceptable negative tension on SCR near TDZ (touch down zone) and the corresponding elastic deflection can be large due to local dynamic buckling. The generation, propagation, and decay of the elastic wave are also affected by SCR and seabed soil interaction effects. The temporary local dynamic buckling vanishes with the recovery of tension on SCR with the upheaval motion of surface floater. Unlike larger-scale, an-order-of-magnitude longer period global buckling driven by heat and pressure variations in subsea pipelines, the sub-critical local dynamic buckling of SCR is motion-driven and short cycled, which, however, can lead to permanent structural damage when the resulting stress is greatly amplified beyond the elastic limit. The phenomenon is extensively investigated in this paper by using the vessel-mooring-riser coupled dynamic analysis program. It is found that the moment of large downward heave motion at the farthest-horizontal-offset position is the most dangerous for the local dynamic buckling.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.337-348
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• 2012

본 연구는 초기조건에 민감한 공간 트러스를 대상으로 불완전성으로 인한 분기거동 및 불안정 특성에 대해서 연구하였으며, 접선강성행렬의 행렬식과 고유치해석으로 임계점과 좌굴하중을 구하였다. 고유모드의 민감성에 의한 불안정 현상을 고찰하기 위해서 2-자유절점공간 트러스와 스타 돔 및 3링 돔 모델을 예제로 채택하였으며, 라이즈-스팬 비 및 하중 파라메타에 따른 좌굴하중의 영향을 분석하였다. 2-자유절점 모델의 초기 형상불완전성에 따른 민감성은 고유모드에 따라 임계 후 평형경로가 바뀌었으며, 좌굴하중은 불완전 량의 증가에 따라 감소하는 결과를 얻었다. 예제에서 나타난 두 가지 민감한 좌굴패턴은 자유절점의 변위 위치를 살펴봄으로서 설명할 수 있었고, 형상 불완전성에 따른 거동은 비대칭 고유모드가 가장 큰 영향을 주었다. 민감한 고유모드는 단순화한 모델의 비신장 메커니즘 기저와 유사하였다. 스타 돔 모델은 라이즈-스팬 비가 높을수록 전체좌굴보다는 국부좌굴이 우세하며, 하중 파라메타 값이 클수록 평형경로 상에 분기점이 발생하였다. 또한 스타돔과 3링 모델의 좌굴하중은 각각 극한점 하중레벨의 약 50-70% 및 80-90%로 나타났다.