• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.390-392
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• 2005

A case of chordoid meningioma occurring in a 61-year-old woman who did not have a Castleman's disease is presented. The patient had suffered from headache and motor dysphasia. Laboratory findings are normal. The tumor, located in the left frontal region and associated with peritumoral edema, was totally resected. Surgical specimen revealed a solid mass with irregular surface that measured $3.5{\times}4.5{\times}4cm$. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the tumor cells expressed epithelial membrane antigen[EMA] focally, but not S-100 protein and glial fibrillary acid protein [GFAP], and the Ki-67 proliferative index of the tumor was 9%. The neoplasm was diagnosed chordoid meningioma of the World Health Organization[WHO] grade II. After total resection, her preoperative headache and dysphasia were disappeared.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2001년도 International Symposium on Signal transduction in Toxicology
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• pp.123-123
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• 2001

The distribution of necrotic and apoptotic neural cells, and expression of astrocytic glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the brain of rats poisoned intraperitoneally with diisopropylfluorophosphate were investigated. Pyridostigmine bromide (0.1 mg/kg) and atropine methylnitrate (20 mg/kg), which are centrally inactive, were treated intramuscularly 30 min and 10 min, respectively, before diisopropylfluorophosphate (4 - 10 mg/kg) poisoning to reduce the mortality.(omitted)

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.231-235
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• 2015

Damage to peripheral nerves or the spinal cord is often accompanied by neuropathic pain, which is a complex, chronic pain state. Increasing evidence indicates that alterations in the expression and activity of gap junction channels in the spinal cord are involved in the development of neuropathic pain. Thus, this review briefly summarizes evidence that regulation of the expression, coupling, and activity of spinal gap junction channels modulates pain signals in neuropathic pain states induced by peripheral nerve or spinal cord injury. We particularly focus on connexin 43 and pannexin 1 because their regulation vastly attenuates symptoms of neuropathic pain. We hope that the study of gap junction channels eventually leads to the development of a suitable treatment tool for patients with neuropathic pain.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.165-168
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• 2008

The location of ganglioglioma (GG) within the infratentorial compartment is unusual. The authors report a rare case of GG in the cerebellar hemisphere. A 12-year-old boy suffered from headache and gait disturbance. Neuroimaging studies demonstrated a large enhancing cerebellar mass with cystic components compressing the forth ventricle. After complete resection of the tumor, the patient became symptom free. Histological examination on the tumor disclosed glial cells and dysplastic ganglion cells. Although it is a rare tumor, in the appropriate clinical setting, a GG should be considered in the presence of a cerebellar mass with both solid and cystic components on magnetic resonance images in children.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.373-376
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• 2006

An astroblastoma is a rare primary glial tumor occurring preferentially in young adults. It is characterized by a perivascular arrangement of the tumor cells forming perivascular pseudorosettes mimicking ependymomas. The histogenesis of astroblastoma is unclear, despite a number of studies to determine its possible cellular origin. We have experienced a case of astroblastoma located at the temporal lobe. It presented as a large, well-circumscribed, and highly enhanced mass lesion on magnetic resonance images[MRI]. The tumor was well demarcated and did not infiltrate the brain, which made complete removal possible. Here, we report and discuss the characteristic histological and radiological features of this case.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.302-305
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• 2016

Gliofibroma is an extremely rare biphasic tumor with an astrocytic and benign mesenchymal component, which commonly occurs within the first two decades of life. The exact biological behavior of the tumor is not fully understood. Therefore, it is not listed as a distinct entity in the current World Health Organization classification of central nervous system tumors. Here, we describe a rare case of gliofibroma, which was located on the medial temporal lobe in a 61-year-old woman. Preoperatively, we misdiagnosed it as a meningioma because it was a well-demarcated and well-enhanced extra-axial mass with calcification and bony destruction. On the histopathological and immunohistochemical examination, the tumor consisted of a mixture of glial tissue and mesenchymal tissue and it was finally diagnosed as a gliofibroma. To our knowledge, this case of intracranial gliofibroma is in the oldest patient ever reported.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.228.2-229
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• 2002

Methylmercury (MeHg). a potent neurotoxicant. produces neuronal death that may be partially mediated by glutamate. Glutamine synthetase (GS), a glial-specific enzyme. catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia and is associated with ischemic injury and neurological diseases. Objectives of this experiment are to investigate whether in vivo and in vitro MeHg exposure have adverse effects on GS and whether duration of exposure to MeHg and glutamate co-treatment playa role in MeHg-induced toxicity. (omitted)

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.451-455
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• 2006

It is demonstrated that inorganic mercury has cytotoxic effect on glial cells. Recently, oxygen radicals is involved in methylmercuric chloride (MMC)-induced cytotoxicity. But, the toxic mechanism of MMC is left unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the cytotoxicity of MMC on $C_6$ glioma cells. The cytotoxicy was measured by cell viability using XTT assay in $C_6$ glioma cells. Colorimetric assay is regarded as a very sensitive screening method for the determination of the cell viability on various agents. In this study, MMC decreased cell viability according to the dose- and time dependent manners after $C_6$ glioma cells were grown with various concentrations of MMC for 48 hours. In the protective effect of allopurinol on MMC-induced cytotoxicity, allopurinol was effective in the prevention of MMC-induced cytotoxicity in these cultures. These results suggest that MMC has highly cytotoxic effect on $C_6$ glioma cells by the decrease of cell viavility, and free radical scavenger such as allopurinol was effective on organic mercury-induced cytotoxicity in these cultures.

• BMB Reports
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.94-105
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• 2002

Apoptotic cell death is a fundamental and highly regulated biological process in which a cell is instructed to actively participate in its own demise. This process of cellular suicide is activated by developmental and environmental cues and normally plays an essential role in eliminating superfluous, damaged, and senescent cells of many tissue types. In recent years, a number of experimental studies have provided evidence of widespread neuronal and glial apoptosis following injury to the central nervous system (CNS). These studies indicate that injury-induced apoptosis can be detected from hours to days following injury and may contribute to neurological dysfunction. Given these findings, understanding the biochemical signaling events controlling apoptosis is a first step towards developing therapeutic agents that target this cell death process. This review will focus on molecular cell death pathways that are responsible for generating the apoptotic phenotype. It will also summarize what is currently known about the apoptotic signals that are activated in the injured CNS, and what potential strategies might be pursued to reduce this cell death process as a means to promote functional recovery.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.291-300
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• 1998

Dementia is the neurodegenerative process that affects cognition, behavior and function and one of the most prominent diseases of dementia is Alzheimer's disease(AD). AD is a dementing illness characterized clinically by the progressive and irreversible deafferentation of the limbic system, association neocortex and basal forebrain. A number of conditions are known to be predisposing risk factors for AD. In several of these, initiation of glial-mediated inflammatory pathways as a mechanism of AD is getting a lot of attention. On the other hand, a biochemical marker for monitoring the onset and progression of the disease would be a valuable tool for disease management. Also such a marker might be used as an end point in clinical intervention protocols. This biochemical marker will have the potential for identifying subjects afflicted with the disease and possibly for monitoring the onset and longitudinal progression of the disease. Here we have reviewed the latest papers of different approaches to AD. Of course, there is a section of PET which is very useful clinically nowadays.