• Architectural research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

In contemporary architecture, glass is being used less as a single piece for the exterior envelope, due to a variety of influences such as increased performance regulations, the market environment and technical developments. An architectural exterior wall today is usually installed as a 'ystem' wall, not as a single plane glass wall. That brings up the necessity to question the appropriateness of the materiality of an individual piece of glass for the exterior envelope in urban settings. Therefore, in many cases it is appropriate to examine materiality of glass as a system. A new examination of materiality can be carried out by analyzing the interactions between layers that constitute a system. This paper examines the experimental use of glass systems in contemporary architecture, and analyzes them to interpret the relationship between the layers of each system in order to establish the diversified materiality of glass in contemporary architecture.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.187-195
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• 2011

Glass Envelope is vulnerable to insulation performance and controling solar radiation. Insulation performance is consistently improving these days due to recent building energy saving policy in South Korea. However, solar control at glass envelope is still limited to meeting requirements of ideal high performance. Generally, Inside Blind plays an important role of solar control instead of glass which have a characteristics of transmitted solar. Unfortunately, most of them are controled by occupants and which method is not resonable in building energy. Therefore, achieving the high efficient performance building, automated control blind system considering reduction of building loads have to be adopted. Furthermore, considering occupants visual comport about removing discomfort glare is also essential.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.75-81
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• 2014

In this paper we made energy consumption units of glass curtain wall type apartment and general apartment in Busan metropolitan city and compared energy consumption characteristics by building envelope. The monthly electricity consumption units of general apartment were shown in the range of $1.16{\sim}1.51kWh/m^2{\cdot}mon$ which were indicated higher value in January, February, August and September with little variation. On the other hand, in case of glass curtain wall type apartment, monthly electricity consumption units were represented in the range of $1.91{\sim}7.07kWh/m^2{\cdot}mon$ with significant fluctuations monthly, which were outstandingly high in July, August and September. The monthly city gas consumption units of general apartment were found to be in the range of $1.79{\sim}18.07MJ/m^2{\cdot}mon$, while glass curtain wall type apartment were within $0.94{\sim}19.91MJ/m^2{\cdot}mon$. City gas consumption units from December to March were shown highly in both type apartments. The monthly energy consumption units of general apartment were found to be within $14.23{\sim}30.69MJ/m^2{\cdot}mon$, while glass curtain wall type apartment were within $24.49{\sim}68.9MJ/m^2{\cdot}mon$. Energy consumption units of glass curtain wall type apartment were suggested 4.84 times higher than those of general apartment.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.23-32
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• 2019

Vacuum Insulation Panel(VIP) has the lowest thermal conductivity among present insulations. It is composed of envelope, core material and getter. Aluminum film is usually used as the envelope of VIP, and it is important component to decide the useful life of VIP. In this research, the thermophysical properties of incombustible fiber glass core VIP were investigated with the possibility of its architectural applications. The results of this research can be summarized as follows: 1) The thermal conductivity of 20mm-thick fiber glass core VIP is resulted as 0.00177W/m·K, which means that 20mm-thick VIP can meet all the reinforced insulation guideline and it can be used in any envelope of any region in Korea. 2) As a result of the test of incombustion and gas toxicity, fiber glass core VIP was suitable for incombustible material. 3) As the test result for the long term thermal conductivity, fiber glass core VIP was found out that it would keep above 10 times insulating performance than polystyrene foam and glass fiber. 4) To meet the thermal transmittance of 0.12W/㎡K, limited-combustible insulation of expanded polystyrene foam and phenolic foam should be used respectively as thick as above 280mm and 170mm, incombustible VIP can meet the same insulation level with 20mm thickness. 5) The price competitiveness of incombustible VIP to meet the thermal transmittance of 0.12W/㎡·K was about 1,500won/㎡ higher than that of phenolic foam.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.127-131
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• 2003

KARI developed 50m class unmanned airship. The airship employ the pressure envelope design principle. The envelope must be considered as a main structural element of the airship. The envelope ＆ three ballonets are fabricated by polyfiber composite laminates. Other structural components (gondola, tailwing, nosecone ＆ engine mounts) are manufactured by carbon fiber ＆ glass fiber laminates. In order to develop a big unmanned airship, a large amount of structural design, analysis and tests had to be made. The paper describes the structural configuration of the 50m class uumanned airship which are basic starting point of the structural development of an airship. The paper includes the various designing processes, components development tests and analysis results. Envelope ＆ ballonets development processes which are very different to conventional airplane design are given in details with actual analysis & test results. The paper also describes the structural design and analysis results for other composite made structures. Each components were tested by static design limit loads and structural safety were confirmed. The paper shows the manufactured structural components and assembled airship.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.497-509
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• 1996

Evacuated powder insulations have long been known to have better thermal performance than existing commercially available insulators, such as fiber glass and CFC-blown foam. To make a composite powder panel, a series of individually evacuated panels was encapsulated in a rigid closed cell foam matrix. The panels were encapsulated in a thin glass sheet barrier to preserve the vacuum. The thermal conductivity of the individual panel was found to be $0.0062W/m^{\circ}K$ by experiment and the polyurethane foam above had a thermal conductivity of $0.024W/m^{\circ}K$. In this study, numerical analysis using finite element method was carried out to investigate insulation performance of rigid foam/evacuated powder composite panel with respect to panel geometries such as panel pitch, panel aspect ratio and panel area ratio. Numerical analysis has indicated that more optimal vacuum panel geometries, much lower overall thermal conductivities can be achieved.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2020

"A practical architect might not unnaturally conceive the idea of erecting a vast edifice whose frame should be entirely of iron, and clothing the frame--preserving it--by means of a casing of stone…that shell must be regarded only as an envelope, having no function other than supporting itself..." --Viollet-le-Duc, 1868. Viollet-le-Duc's recipe for an encased iron frame foresaw the separation of structural and enclosing functions into discrete systems. This separation is an essential characteristic of skyscrapers today, but at the time of his writing cast iron's brittle nature meant that iron frames could not, on their own, resist lateral forces in tall structures. Instead, tall buildings had to be braced with masonry shear walls, which often also served as environmental enclosure. The commercial availability of steel after the 1880s allowed for self-braced metal frames while parallel advances in glass and terra cotta allowed exterior walls to achieve vanishingly thin proportions. Two Chicago buildings by D.H. Burnham & Co. were the first to match a frame "entirely of iron" with an "envelope" supporting only itself. The Reliance Building (1895) was the first of these, but the Fisher Building (1896) more fully exploited this new constructive typology, eschewing brick entirely, to become the first "building without walls," a break with millennia of tall construction reliant upon masonry

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.26-31
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• 2021

Buildings with glass curtain walls have become popular due to their appealing aesthetics and ability to let in natural light. However, light reflection from the glass surface is unavoidable in these buildings. In particular, the reflection of light from the glass envelope can create afterimage glare, a hazard to nearby drivers and pedestrians. Despite this potential danger, glare from buildings with curtain walls has not been well-studied. Hence, we analyzed the effect of light reflection on glare around a glass-enclosed skyscraper, depending on its surface reflectance. We investigated the potential hazard of glare to drivers using a commercially available software program. The results indicate that the direction of light reflection is distinctive when the incident angle of solar light increases. Moreover, this light reflection is high enough to induce an afterimage to drivers and pedestrians near the building. We found that keeping the reflectance of the building surface under 3% is required to minimize the afterimage hazard to drivers. Consequently, we recommend managing glass reflectance and installing additional traffic safety systems to reduce traffic accidents near curtain wall buildings.

• Ceramist
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.7-14
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• 2007

PbS QDs in glasses have attracted much attention due to the potentials for near-infrared applications. Growth of PbS QDs in the glass is discussed and size of PbS QDs formed in the glass can be tuned by varying the thermal treatment conditions. Hyperbolic-band approximation and four-band envelope function provide good simulation of the exciton energies of PbS QDs. Absorption and photoluminescence of PbS QDs was tuned into $1{\sim}2{\mu}m$ wave-length regime with large full width at half maximum photoluminescence intensity (>160 nm). Photoluminescence intensity of PbS QDs in the glasses was closely related to size of quantum dots, temperature, excitation and defects. Decrease in temperature shifted the photoluminescence bands to shorter wavelength and switched the photoluminescence from darkened state and brightened state.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.853-856
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• 2008

Windows have an great effect on annual building load because windows are the weakest parts of building envelope thermally. To reduce the consumption of building energy, the thermal performance of window has to be improved in first place. Therefore this research aims to make a quantitative analysis of the heating and cooling load according to the window thermal performance using the heat load simulation program. As a result of the simulation, annual heat load is down 38% according to the decrease of U-value of window, 1.00 W/$m^2K$. and annual heat load is up 10% according to the decrease of shading coefficient, 0.20. The annual load of the window with Low-E glass is 15% lower than the window with pair glass.