• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제18권2호통권23호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2004

Temperature variations, and carbon dioxide and methane concentrations are summarized during the past 400,000 years. Atmospheric temperature varied approximately within $10^{\circ}C$ during the past 400,000 years. Most of the time during the past 400,000 years, temperature was lower than today except 410000, 320000, 250000, and 125000 years ago. Temperature was slightly higher or at least similar to today during the time period of 410000. 320000, 250000, and 125000 years ago. The carbon dioxide concentration varied between 180 and 300 ppm, and the methane concentration varied between 40 and 700ppb. The present atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide is 375 ppm and methane is 1750 ppb. Temperature was 5-$7^{\circ}C$ lower than today during the Last Glacial Maximum(18,000 years ago) and the Younger Dryas(10,000 years ago). Temprature was varied within $1^{\circ}C$ during the past 10,000 years. Especially Middle Holocene Climatic Optimum(6,000 years ago), Medieval Warm Period (500-1,000 years ago), and Little Ice Age(100-500 year ago) were global climatic events. In general, mechanism for the Middle Holocene Climatic Optimum, Medical Warm Period, and Little Ice Age can be explained by the solar insulation, however their exact mechnism is not well known. Carbon dioxide concentration during the past 400,000 years never reached the current value of 375 ppm. Furthermore, the current methane concentration never reached during the past 20Ma. However, current temperature value has happened several times during the past 400,000 years. The implication of this is unsolved question so far. This should be challenged in the near future.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.165-165
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• 2003

A borehole core ECSDP-102 (about 68.5 m long) has been investigated to get information on paleoenvironmental changes in response to the sea-level fluctuations during the period of late Quaternary. Several AMS $\^$14/C ages show that the core ECSDP-102 recorded the depositional environments of the northern East China Sea for approximately 60 ka. The Yangtze River discharged huge amounts of sediment into the northern East China Sea during the marine isotope stage (MIS) 3. In particular, $\delta$$\^$13/Corg values reveal that the sedimentary environments of the northern East China Sea, which is similar to the Holocene conditions, have taken place three times during the MIS 3. It is supported by the relatively enriched $\delta$$\^$13/Corg values of -23 to -21$\textperthousand$ during the marine settings of MIS 3 that are characterized by the predominance of marine organic matter akin to the Holocene. Furthermore, we investigated the three Holocene sediment cores, ECSDP-101, ECSDP-101 and YMGR-102, taken from the northern East China Sea off the mouth of the Yangtze River and from the southern Yellow Sea, respectively. Our study was focused primarily on the onset of the post-glacial marine transgression and the reconstructing of paleoenvironmental changes in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea during the Holocene. AMS $\^$14/C ages indicate that the northern East China Sea and the southern Yellow Sea began to have been flooded at about 13.2 ka BP which is in agreement with the initial marine transgression of the central Yellow Sea (core CC-02). $\delta$$\^$18/O and $\delta$$\^$13/C records of benthic foraminifera Ammonia ketienziensis and $\delta$$\^$13/Corg values provide information on paleoenvironmental changes from brackish (estuarine) to modem marine conditions caused by globally rapid sea-level rise since the last deglaciation. Termination 1 (T1) ended at about 9.0-8.7 ka BP in the southern and central Yellow Sea, whereas T1 lasted until about 6.8 ka BP in the northern East China Sea. This time lag between the two seas indicates that the timing of the post-glacial marine transgression seems to have been primarily influenced by the bathymetry. The present marine regimes in the northern East China Sea and the whole Yellow Sea have been contemporaneously established at about 6.0 ka BP. This is strongly supported by remarkably changes in occurrence of benthic foraminiferal assemblages, $\delta$$\^$18/O and $\delta$$\^$13/C compositions of A. ketienziensis, TOC content and $\delta$$\^$13/Corg values. The $\delta$$\^$18/O values of A. ketienziensis show a distinct shift to heavier values of about 1$\textperthousand$ from the northern East China Sea through the southern to central Yellow Sea. The northward shift of $\^$18/O enrichment may reflect gradually decrease of the bottom water temperature in the northern East China Sea and the Yellow Sea.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.461-476
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• 2015

Global warming has accelerated glacial retreat in the high Arctic. The exposed glacier foreland is an ideal place to study chronosequential changes in ecosystems. Although vegetation succession in the glacier forelands has been studied intensively, little is known about the microbial community structure in these environments. Therefore, this study focused on how glacial retreat influences the bacterial community structure and its relationship with soil properties. This study was conducted in the foreland of the Midtre Lovénbreen glacier in Svalbard (78.9°N). Seven soil samples of different ages were collected and analyzed for moisture content, pH, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents, and soil organic matter fractionation. In addition, the structure of the bacterial community was determined via pyrosequencing analysis of 16S rRNA genes. The physical and chemical properties of soil varied significantly along the distance from the glacier; with increasing distance, more amounts of clay and soil organic carbon contents were observed. In addition, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were dominant in soil samples taken close to the glacier, whereas Acidobacteria were abundant further away from the glacier. Diversity indices indicated that the bacterial community changed from homogeneous to heterogeneous structure along the glacier chronosequence/distance from the glacier. Although the bacterial community structure differed on basis of the presence or absence of plants, the soil properties varied depending on soil age. These findings suggest that bacterial succession occurs over time in glacier forelands but on a timescale that is different from that of soil development.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.78-81
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• 2012

Aromatic 2,3-diazabuta-1,3-dienes in glacial acetic acid with isothiocyanate in the presence of catalyst $TiCl_4$ at room temperature produced via criss-cross cycloaddition reactions the corresponding perhydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4] triazole-1,5-dithiones in relatively high yields and short reaction time.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제18권2호통권23호
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• pp.17-17
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• 2004

The Pleistocene lake level and climate development is described by proxies from sediment, pollen and diatom records in Mongolia and Northwest-China. It could be proved that higher lake levels seem to have existed during the old and mid Pleistocene period interpreted on the base of geomorphological and sedimentological reords. They are dated in a relativ time scale. The lake basins are filled up to 300 m by limnic deposits, which foused on a constant water balance of more than 700.000 years. Late Glacial and Holocene lake level fluctuations and climate changes can be proved by biostratigraphic records pointing to dry and wet phases. Only for the youngest history desiccation of some lakes are related to human impact.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.65-68
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• 2023

The herb Pedicularis cheilanthifolia var. albida (Pennell) P. C. Tsoong is reported and collected for the first time from the Rudraprayag District of Uttarakhand. The species was seen growing along a glacial stream in an alpine region between 4,100 and 4,400 m asl. Morphological characteristics of the species were examined and processed for herbarium deposition. To simplify taxon identification, a brief taxonomic description and illustration of the taxon are provided.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.31-50
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• 2010

제2차 고기후 모델링 비교 프로그램(Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Program phase II, PMIP2)의 대기-해양-해빙 접합모형을 통해 얻어진 시뮬레이션 자료를 이용하여 마지막 최대빙하기(Last Glacial Maximum)의 북극 기후변화를 연구하였다. 연구에 이용된 모형은 미국 해양대기청의 CCSM, 독일 막스플랑크 연구소의 ECHAM3-MPIOM, 영국 기상청의 HadCM3M2, 프랑스 라플라스 연구소의 IPSL-CM4, 프랑스 기상연구소의 CNRM-CM3, 일본 동경대 기후연구소의 MIROC3.2, 그리고 중국 대기물리연구소의 FGOALS을 포함해 총 7개로 구성된다. 7개 모형들에 의해 재현된 현재 기후를 관측에 기초로 한 재분석 자료와 비교해 본 결과, 모든 모형에서 관측에 나타나는 북극기후의 특징들이 비교적 잘 재현되었다. 모든 기후 모형들에 마지막 최대빙하기의 대기 이산화탄소 농도를 포함한 온실기체, 지구공전궤도함수, 그리고 빙상 및 지형의 경계 조건이 적용되었다. 빙하기 경계 조건에 대하여 대륙빙하가 발달했던 북미와 북유럽에서 $24^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도 감소가 나타나는데, 이는 빙하의 발달에 따른 표층의 알베도 증가와 고도의 증가에 기인하는 것으로 여겨진다. 또한 빙하의 발달에 기인하여 북극해에서도 $10^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도 감소가 나타난다. 여름철에 비해 겨울철 온도 감소가 대체로 더 크게 나타나며, 북극 주변에서 평균 약 $14^{\circ}C$ 정도의 연평균 온도 감소를 보이고 있다. 저위도에 비해 북극 지역의 온도 감소가 모든 계절, 특히 겨울철에 더 크게 나타나는데, 이는 최근 지구 온난화의 정도가 극 지역에서 저위도나 중위도에 비해 더 크게 나타나고 있는 것과도 잘 대비된다. 본 연구결과와 최근의 온난화가 서로 대비되게 일어나기 때문에, 마지막 최대빙하기의 연구를 통해 미래 지구온난화 하에서 나타날 수 있는 기후변화를 간접적으로 이해할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2017

Subi basin is located at the crestline of Taebaek mountains. This paper aims to elucidate the geomorphic development of Subi basin through the analysis of river terraces built in Wangpi-cheon and Banbyeon-cheon. Wangpi-cheon flows northeastward from Subi basin, and Banbyeon-cheon flows southward at the west of Subi basin. Absolute age of terrace is measured by means of OSL methodology, long profile of Wangpi-cheon is made up with 10m interval contour line, and the elevation above river bed of high terraces is measured at the end part of terrace. The results are as follow: Firstly, high river terraces of Subi basin, Wangpi-cheon and Banbyeon-cheon are formed about 40 kyr(MIS 3) being interstadial stage of last glacial period. Secondly, the elevation above river bed of high terraces of Wangpi-cheon and Banbyeon-cheon tends to increase toward upstream. It means that the uplift of Taebaek Mountains influences considerably the formation of their terraces. Thirdly, the elevation above river bed of high terraces at the reach from Seomchon to Suha-ri of Wangpi-cheon tends to decrease toward upstream. This section is captured from Banbyeon-cheon flowing in the opposite direction. River piracy has occurred from the time of formation of Suha-ri high terrace to the time of formation of Hantee wind gap. Finally, for fluvial system of Wangpi-cheon to establish dynamic equilibrium, topographic axis will move toward Banbyeon-cheon.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.204-217
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• 2013

본 연구는 대구광역시 달성군에 위치한 유가 선상지를 대상으로, 지형면의 특성과 퇴적물 분석 및 OSL 연대 측정을 실시하여, 유가 선상지의 형성과정을 구체적으로 설명하였다. 유가 선상지는 3개(YG-F1, YG-F2, YG-F3)의 지형면으로 분류되며, 하도의 경사도 감소가 아니라 좁은 하곡에서 넓은 평지로 흘러나온 유수의 수리기하학적 변화에 의한 퇴적작용으로 형성되었다. 유가 선상지는 지난 최종 간빙기가 시작되면서 침식기준면의 상승으로 퇴적작용이 우세해지면서, 약 11만 년 전(MIS 5.4) 경에, 용리천이 다량의 암설을 퇴적하여 YG-F3 지형면이 형성되었다. 이후, 하곡과 지형면의 삭박이 꾸준히 발생하다가, 최종 빙기 내 아간빙기(MIS 3)가 시작되고, 국지적 및 계절적으로 강수량 및 하천 유량에 변화가 발생하면서, 암설류, 토석류, 이류, 하천류 등에 의해 YG-F2 지형면이 형성되었다. 그 이후에도 단기적인 기후 변화 및 일시적인 기후 사건에 의해 매적과 삭박이 반복적으로 발생하다가, 최종 빙기의 최성기(MIS 2)에 토석류 또는 이류에 의해 YG-F1 지형면이 형성된 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국석유지질학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국석유지질학회 1998년도 제5차 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.22-28
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• 1998

Twenty species of calcareous nannofossils belonging to 11 genera are identified from the Seoguipo Formation in Cheju island, Korea. On the basis of the marker species, the Seoguipo Formation is biostratigraphically assigned to the Pseudoemiliania lacunosa Zone (NNl9), which corresponds to the combined zones of Emiliania annula - Emiliania ovata (CN13a-CN14a) of latest Pliocene and Early Pleistocene. Generally, cold-water species is dominant in the lower part, whereas warm-water one in the upper part. This is interpreted the palaeoceanographic condition has changed from cooling to warm phase. The change in floral composition and abundance of specific species allows the recognition of 4 ecostaratigraphic units in the Seoguipo Formation and the migration of oceanographic frontal boundary. According to nannofossil distribution in the study area, the position of an oceanographic boundary between warmer water and cooler water appeared to have oscillated north-south over the Korea Strait and Cheju island in response to glacial and interglacial cycles. The geologic time of the interpreted paleoceanographical changes determined by nannofossil biochronology is well agreed with the results obtained from the Japan Sea (East Sea) and Japan-Sea side of Japan.