• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.16 no.11
• /
• pp.369-383
• /
• 2016

This study aims for strengthening the ability of home visiting care giver by figuring out interpersonal stress of bearing hardships which affect turnover intentions of home visiting care givers and by focusing on mediating effect of burnout. First, in summary, the analysis result was that the age of care givers and the presence of spouse are in relational factors correlated with burnout. Also age and experience of turnover have some connection with turnover intentions. Second, interpersonal stress of burnout and turnover intentions have static correlation. Third, the interpersonal stress represents increasing level of stress of burnout and the intervention of burnout shows static effects on turnover intentions of care givers. Suggestions of this study's results are, first, solution of interpersonal stress which home visiting care givers are facing should be improved by families' support or encouragement. In addition, the more professional and organized job training should be advanced to improve the understanding of various situations and coping skills. Second, the more interest should be need on business characteristics and environmental limitation. Also many centers that support care givers should reinforce their role. Third, to decrease the turnover intention which comes from interpersonal stress, doing some burnout research could be helpful and especially the legal regime which supports the research of burnout is essential.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.66 no.3
• /
• pp.209-230
• /
• 2014

The study is to show the prevalence of double-care burdened households who care simultaneously for children(under 6) and provide invalid elderly care for aging parents among women aged 30s to 40s in Korea. The study aims to place care as ordinary needs for our whole lifetime, not as a special happening to a certain age group at specific period. Also, study attempts to reveal that care experiences include both burden and pleasure, and that care relationship, such as care giver-receiver-assistants(second-helpers), strongly affects the diversity of caring experience. Results are as follows. 38.1% of the survey respondents report that they are/have ever been the double-care burdened households who carry both child care under 6 and elderly care suffering from health problems in the past or the present. If including those who expecting the double burden of care in the near future, the prevalence rate goes up to 54.9%. As hypothesized, caring includes both pleasure and burden. The order of pleasant feelings is child care> parents care>in-law parents care, and that of burden is in reverse. However, caring relationship has a strong influence on pleasure or agony of the caring experience. The association between the relationship and the experience, which is expressed by pleasure or pain, occurs to both daughter-parents and in-laws. Interestingly, the caring experiences by daughter to her parents tend to go more burdensome because their husbands do not commit their identity as carer aid, with no additional caring effort for their in-laws. In conclusion, some policy suggestions for double care problems are provided.

• Industry Promotion Research
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.41-50
• /
• 2020

WIn Korea, the rapid rise of elderly population and dementia prevalence resulting from the unprecedently rapid aging in the world is being emerged as a serious social issue. Caring the elderly with dementia is a different way from a general life and is a world which new cultural existential relationships are interlaced from the relationship viewpoint. From this aspect, the psychological matter of family caring a demented elderly needs to be studied for existential understanding in depth and fundamentally. This study focused on in-depth understanding and description of the stress phenomena experienced by family caregivers with a demented elderly based on Giorgi's method among phenomenological research methods and using existential group counseling techniques. Total 8 sessions of existential group counseling were conducted. This study drew out the outcomes(emotional stress, psychosocial stress, time-dependent stress) of participants' self-awareness experiences by applying 4 steps of Giorgi's phenomenological research methodology based on the Existential Philosophy to participant's intensive statements about stress of family caring a demented elderly drawn out of the existential group counselling sessions. It is hoped that understanding the pain of the supporters who cannot express their own pains through the research results and their self-help group counseling activities will become active, contributing to the health of our society which is about to enter post-aged society.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.24-39
• /
• 1995

For the purpose of clarifying to what degree the mothers of developmentally delayed children are involved in treating their child at home. 193 mothers were sampled from 220 mothers of developmentally delayed children below 12 years of age who have visited one of four institutions: the Rehabilitation Hospital of Yonsei Medical Center, Inchon Severance Hospital, Disabled Welfare Center in Myongil-dong, and Nambu Disabled Welfare Hall. The study period was from Mar. 25, 1995 through Apr. 15, 1995. A questionnaire survey was conducted listing the characteristics of the developmentally delayed children, their mothers, mother's satisfaction with their therapists, and the actual conditions of the home treatment. 1. The mothers who treat their child at home for more than 31 minutes a day show a high involvement score, while the mothers of those who give treatment for less than 30 minutes a. day show a low involvement score. That is, the longer the treatment, the greater the involvement score. This indicates a statistically significant result(p<0.01). 2. In cases where a child's father is involved in the home treatment, his/her mother discloses a statistically high involvement score(p<0.001). 3. The result of analysis of cases where other family members, relatives or friends (fathers excepted) reveals a statistically significant high involvement score(p<0.05) for the mother. 4. Mothers in general represent a statistically significant high involvement in home treatment. In the meantime, the mothers in a nuclear family show a higher involvement home treatment than mothers in an extended family(p<0.01). 5. Among those respondents who think that home treatment is helpful and that mothers' involvement in home treatment is helpful, the mothers record a statistically significant high involvement score(p<0.05). When seen from the above perspectives, it seems of much significance that fathers and other relatives or family members play an important role in enhancing the involvement of mothers in home treatment. One point to note here is that providing a long home treatment time is crucial. Therefore, it is recommended that family members have access to rehabilitation treatment for training developmentally delayed children or their care giver; and moreover, we needed to carry out family training or at least arrange for meetings between the family members and medical personnel involved in the child's rehabilitation.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.40-50
• /
• 2012

Increase in the number of older people due to demographic changes poses great challenges to the social healthcare systems both in the Western and as well as in the Eastern countries. Support for older people by formal care givers leads to enormous temporal and personal efforts. Therefore, one of the most important goals is to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of today's care. This can be achieved by the use of assistive technologies. These technologies are able to increase the safety of patients or to reduce the time needed for tasks that do not relate to direct interaction between the care giver and the patient. Motivated by this goal, this contribution focuses on applications of acoustic technologies to support users and care givers in ambient assisted living (AAL) scenarios. Acoustic sensors are small, unobtrusive and can be added to already existing care or living environments easily. The information gathered by the acoustic sensors can be analyzed to calculate the position of the user by localization and the context by detection and classification of acoustic events in the captured acoustic signal. By doing this, possibly dangerous situations like falls, screams or an increased amount of coughs can be detected and appropriate actions can be initialized by an intelligent autonomous system for the acoustic monitoring of older persons. The proposed system is able to reduce the false alarm rate compared to other existing and commercially available approaches that basically rely only on the acoustic level. This is due to the fact that it explicitly distinguishes between the various acoustic events and provides information on the type of emergency that has taken place. Furthermore, the position of the acoustic event can be determined as contextual information by the system that uses only the acoustic signal. By this, the position of the user is known even if she or he does not wear a localization device such as a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag.

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.136-160
• /
• 2005

Before introducing the national long-term care insurance in 2008, the want for long term care service has to be estimated and analysed. This study estimates the demand and analyses what determines the want of long term care service. This study investigated data of 3f6 elderlies, that was collected by age stratified random sampling. The elderies resided in Onyang 4 - dong (urban area) and Dogo-myun (rural area) In the city of Asan. The researchers visited the elderlies and their care giver, and assessed their demand for the long term care service and examined physical, mental, socio-economic status by the assessment tools for Korean Long-Term Care System. $64\%$ of the those who are entitled to be served refuse the long term care service. $26.7\%$ of them wants for home care service and $7.9\%$ want facility care service. It is estimated that the want of home care service are three or four times as much as that of facility care service. The demand for long term care service is 5.155 times higher for those who live in rural area (p=0.000), 3.040 times higher for those who do not have spouse(p=0.057), and 3.356 times higher for the people who is in medicaid than medical insurance(p=0.029). However, income(p=0.782), means(p=0.614), living alone(p=0.223), number of family to live with (p=0.341) and age of the elderly(p=0.420) are not related with the demand of long term care service. The assessment tools for Korean Long-Term Care System for need evaluation of the long term care service can reflect the demand well.(p=0.024) If medical care will cover $80\%$ of total cost, the willingness to pay of the out of pocket money of the people with medical insurance is 67,400 Korean Won(66.77 US$) for the home care service and 182,500 Korean Won(180.78 US$) for the facility care service. There is possibility that long term care demand is still small after Introducing the long term care Insurance due to the care given by family members. When developing service delivery system of long term care insurance, rural area has to be given more consideration than urban area because of the higher demand. The people who do not have spouse or are in medicaid have to be given special consideration as well.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.105-114
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to classify playground types according to the physical characteristics of playgrounds in child care facilities, to analyze the needs of care-givers and to evaluate the adequacy of playgrounds according to playground types. The specific areas discussed in this study were the evaluation of the adequacy in the physical characteristics of playgrounds for children's outdoor play activities by the care-givers, who assist in the outdoor play activities of children and manage safety in the playground, and a report on playground requirements of them. Data was collected from field survey carried out to investigate the physical characteristics of playgrounds of 21 child care facilities. This survey incorporated a structured-questionnaire for the purpose of evaluating the adequacy of the physical characteristics of playgrounds (location and size of the playground, play equipments, the composition of play areas, ground covers, and location of sidewalk in the playground) by the 181 care-givers from the facilities and investigating the needs of them. The major results showed the following. 1) In field survey, it was observed that while the location and the size of the playgrounds varied widely, ground cover, play equipments, and the composition of play area turned out to be identical, regardless of the location and the size of the playgrounds. 2) The playgrounds were classified into five types according to the number of children and the size of the playground. The five types include A-type as a large-scale facility/smallsize playground, B-type as a small-scale facility/large-size playground, C-type as a small-scale facility/small-size playground, D-type as a middle-scale facility/large-size playground, and E-type as a large-scale facility/large-size playground. 3) The adequacy of the physical characteristics of playground in the D-type was evaluated to be higher than that of the other types. The adequacy of the C-type playground was evaluated to be lower than that of the other types in terms of size and the composition of play areas within the playground. 4) The care-givers of the D-type and the E-type playground expressed a desire to install various play equipments, while the care-givers of the C-type playground did not wish to install play equipment. 5) Various outdoor play areas were needed in the D-type playground.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.431-439
• /
• 2002

Purpose : Nursing profession has been rapidly changed due to the development of bioscience and the change of medical service environment. Nursing profession that has been focused on only care giver's role like mother's in tradition, is required careful reflection new nursing role to cope properly to the change of medical service environment. In nursing profession, the concept of the role was used without an accurate definition, as a results, the concept of the role was mixed with the concept of the "activity", "job" and "function". Therefore, concept analysis of the role in nursing profession is needed to remove conceptual ambiguous and make confirm the true meaning of the role. Concept analysis is a strategy that examine the characteristics of a concept. It is a formal linguistic exercise to determine those defining attributes. The basic purpose of concept analysis is to clarify ambiguous concept in theory, and propose operational definition which reflects the theoretical base of the concept. Method : In this study, the concept of the role in nursing profession which was analyzed based on the steps of concept analysis by Walker & Avant(1988). Results : The attributes of the concept of the role in nursing profession are : 1. Basic factors to construct social structure. 2. Expected attitudes, values, behavior patterns according to the social status and position in social structure. 3. Perceptive attitudes, values, behavior patterns in order to social interaction. 4. Acquiring through continuous communication and learning. 5. Not fixative but changeable. The antecedents of the role in nursing profession are : 1. The social status and position which is possessed by a person. 2. Expected attitudes, values, behavior patterns according to the social status and position in social structure. 3. Acquiring through continuous interaction, communication, and learning process. And the consequences of the role in nursing profession are : 1. The role maintenance and the role expansion as a positive consequences. 2. The role conflict and the role loss as a negative consequences. Conclusion : Through this concept analysis, the concept of the role in nursing profession is defined as As basic factors to construct social structure, person's attitudes, values, behavior patterns which are expected from other social members according to person's social status and position, and perceived and acquired through continuous interaction, communication, and leaning process.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.453-469
• /
• 2000

This study has a purpose to provide information to help develop nursing intervention for demented elderly staying at home. For this purpose I analysed the relationship of patients' disturbing behaviors with their demographic and social characteristics, premorbid personality, and present environmental characteristics through questionnaire survey on their family members. The survey was performed through direct interview, telephone contact. and mail in the regions of Pusan and Gyeongnam. Among family members contacted. 112 ones made an appropriate response to the survey. The statistical package SAS was utilized for descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, stepwise multiple regression, and cluster analysis. The results of the study were as follows: 1) Demographic and social characteristics of the patients surveyed are female 81.3%, average age 81.4 years, lack of schooling 83.0%, spouse dead 73.2%, having no other disease 58.9%, average duration of dementia 3.8 years, no medical treatment for dementia 84.8%, good married life 40.2%, and primary care given by daughter-in-law 49.1%. 2) Aggressive Psychomotor Behavior(APB) was observed in a way statistically meaningful in case that primary care was given by daughter-in-law, while Nonaggressive Psychomotor Behavior(NPB) was in case of good married life and primary care given by other than daughter-in-law and spouse. Verbally aggressive behavior (VAB) was observed in groups of female, spouse dead, bad married life, and daughter-in-law's primary care. As for Passive Behavior(PB), it was observed in case that patients had educational background of not less high than middle school and that they were having medical treatment. Functionally Impaired Behavior(FIB) was observed in age group of 60-69 and more than 90, in patients' group having no other disease, and in case that the duration of dementia was not less than 5 years. 3) Premobid Neuroticism(N) showed positive correlation with APB and VAB, while Openness (O) did negative correlation with PB. Agreeableness (A) was proved to have positive correlation with PA and FIB, but to have negative correlation with APB and VAB. In addition, Conscientiousness(C) showed negative correlation with APB and VAB. 4) The worse the psychosocial environment was, the more NPB and VAB were observed. 5) APB was explained 24% by C and primary care-giver, while NPB was explained 28% by psychosocial environment, having other disease or not, and married life. VAB was explained 40% by A. sex, and married life. On the other hand PB was explained 33% by O, A. N, and having medical treatment or not. But any significant factor was not found to explain FIB. 6) A cluster analysis was performed on disturbing behaviors of demented elderly staying at home. It enabled to regroup the demented elderly in 5 patterns: high scored in NPB, high scored in FIB. high scored in NPB and VAB, moderately scored in most disturbing behaviors, and low scored in all areas. In conclusion, disturbing behaviors of demented elderly not only reflect their premorbid personality in the past, but also are affected by their present psychosocial environment. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage and respond them with understanding their disturbing behaviors in relation to their past premorbid personality. In addition, it is important to provide them better psychosocial environment in order to reduce their disturbing behaviors.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.366-375
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the use of hospital, hospitalization, medical service, discharge and power of medical care patients who are concerned about moral hazard. We conducted focus group interview with 3 medical care patients and their families and 5 workers who had worked for more than 4 years in a nursing hospital. The main results and implications are as follows. First, admission to nursing hospitals was mostly based on the linkage between the medical institutions and the competition to attract the patients rather than the choice of the patients. Second, the main cause of the long-term hospitalization of medical assistance patients was the lack of social protection measures such as absences of residence and care giver, although there are factors that cause moral hazard such as low self-pay. Third, most of the patients were in need of treatment, but they were admitted to the hospital even though their needs were not higher than those of the health insurance patients. Fourth, the rehabilitation service is the mainstay of the medical service of the nursing hospital, and the roles of nursing staff and care givers are important. Fifth, medical care patients are paying medical expenses for nursing hospitals due to cost of living and family support, but they are exempted from the hospital expenses or the burden of their own expenses in the hospital. Sixth, public institutions and social welfare institutions have not managed continuously since commissioning patients to nursing hospitals and have neglected the connection with community services after discharge.