• 제목/요약/키워드: Ginsenoside F2

검색결과 134건 처리시간 0.029초

홍삼 . 백삼 및 압출성형 건조수삼의 성분특성 (Chemical Components of Red, White and Extruded Root Ginseng)

  • 하대철;류기형
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제34권2호
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    • pp.247-254
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    • 2005
  • 본 실험은 홍삼, 백삼, 압출성형 공정변수인 수분함량을 25%와 30%로 달리하여 제조한 압출성형수삼의 화학적 성분을 비교하였다. 조회분, 조지방, 총당의 경우 홍삼, 백삼, 압출성형수삼 간의 차이가 거의 나타나지 않았고, 환원당의 경우 백삼시료에서 다른 처리구보다 낮은 함량을 나타내었다. 아미노산은 수삼을 파쇄하여 7$0^{\circ}C$에서 건조한 수삼(A처리구)에서 낮은 함량을 나타내었고, 수분함량 25%, 배럴 11$0^{\circ}C$, 스크루 회전속도 200 rpm에서 압출성형한 수삼(B처리구)보다 수분함량 30%, 배럴 11$0^{\circ}C$, 스크루 회전속도 200 rpm에서 압출성형한 수삼(C처리구)이 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 조사포닌의 경우에는 A처리구가 4.02%, B와 C처리구가 4.77%, 4.12%이고, 수삼 표피를 제거하지 않은 피부백삼(D처리구)은 3.56%, 수삼 표피를 제거한 피부백삼(E처리구)의 경우는 3.25%, 홍삼(F처리구)은 4.02%로 조사되었다. 총 진세노사이드는 조사포닌의 경우와 유사한 결과를 나타내었다. 즉 A처리구가 6.031 mg/g, B와 C처리구가 8.108 mg/g, 6.876 mg/g으로 조사되었고, D처리구는 7.978 mg/g, E처리구의 경우는 5.591 mg/g, F처리구는 9.834 mg/g로 측정되었다. F처리구에서 홍삼특유 사포닌이라고 알려진 $R_{g3}$가 측정되었다. 말톨의 경우에는 홍삼과 압출성형수삼 처리구에서만 관찰되었다. 산성다당체는 압출성형에 의해 2∼3% 증가하였다. 결론적으로 압출성 형수삼은 홍삼의 성분과 유사한 결과를 나타내었으며, 압출성형공정변수의 변화를 통해 홍삼에 포함된 홍삼특유 사포닌인 $R_{g3}$도 전환될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

The bioavailability of red ginseng extract fermented by Phellinus linteus

  • Ryu, Jae Sik;Lee, Hyun Jung;Bae, Song Hwan;Kim, Sun Young;Park, Yooheon;Suh, Hyung Joo;Jeong, Yoon Hwa
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제37권1호
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    • pp.108-116
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    • 2013
  • For the improvement of ginsenoside bioavailability, the ginsenosides of fermented red ginseng by Phellinus linteus (FRG) were examined with respect to bioavailability and physiological activity. The polyphenol content of FRG ($19.14{\pm}0.50$ mg/g) was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared with that of non-fermented red ginseng (NFRG, $11.31{\pm}1.15$ mg/g). The antioxidant activities in FRG, such as 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid, and ferric reducing antioxidant power, were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those in NFRG. The HPLC analysis results showed that the FRG had a high level of ginsenoside metabolites. The total ginsenoside contents in NFRG and FRG were $41.65{\pm}1.53$ mg/g and $50.12{\pm}1.43$ mg/g, respectively. However, FRG had a significantly higher content ($33.90{\pm}0.97$ mg/g) of ginsenoside metabolites (Rg3, Rg5, Rk1, compound K, Rh1, F2, and Rg2) compared with NFRG ($14.75{\pm}0.46$ mg/g). The skin permeability of FRG was higher than that of NFRG using Franz diffusion cell models. In particular, after 3 h, the skin permeability of FRG was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of NFRG. Using a rat everted intestinal sac model, FRG showed a high transport level compared with NFRG after 1 h. FRG had dramatically improved bioavailability compared with NFRG as indicated by skin permeation and intestinal permeability. The significantly greater bioavailability of FRG may have been due to the transformation of its ginsenosides by fermentation to more easily absorbable forms (ginsenoside metabolites).

Enzymatic Transformation of Ginsenoside Rb1 by Lactobacillus pentosus Strain 6105 from Kimchi

  • Kim, Se-Hwa;Min, Jin-Woo;Quan, Lin-Hu;Lee, Sung-Young;Yang, Dong-Uk;Yang, Deok-Chun
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제36권3호
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    • pp.291-297
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    • 2012
  • Ginsenoside (ginseng saponin), the principal component of ginseng, is responsible for the pharmacological and biological activities of ginseng. We isolated lactic acid bacteria from Kimchi using esculin agar, to produce ${\beta}$-glucosidase. We focused on the bio-transformation of ginsenoside. Phylogenetic analysis was performed by comparing the 16S rRNA sequences. We identified the strain as Lactobacillus (strain 6105). In order to determine the optimal conditions for enzyme activity, the crude enzyme was incubated with 1 mM ginsenoside Rb1 to catalyse the reaction. A carbon substrate, such as cellobiose, lactose, and sucrose, resulted in the highest yields of ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity. Biotransformations of ginsenoside Rb1 were analyzed using TLC and HPLC. Our results confirmed that the microbial enzyme of strain 6105 significantly transformed ginsenoside as follows: Rb1${\rightarrow}$gypenoside XVII, Rd${\rightarrow}$F2 into compound K. Our results indicate that this is the best possible way to obtain specific ginsenosides using microbial enzymes from 6105 culture.

Chemical and Free Radical-scavenging Activity Changes of Ginsenoside Re by Maillard Reaction and Its Possible Use as a Renoprotective Agent

  • Yamabe, Noriko;Song, Kyung-Il;Lee, Woo-Jung;Han, Im-Ho;Lee, Ji-Hwan;Ham, Jung-Yeob;Kim, Su-Nam;Park, Jeong-Hill;Kang, Ki-Sung
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제36권3호
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    • pp.256-262
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    • 2012
  • Reactive oxygen species play critical role in kidney damage. Free radical-scavenging activities of Panax ginseng are known to be increased by heat-processing. The structural change of ginsenoside and the generation of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) are closely related to the increased free radical-scavenging activities. In the present study, we have demonstrated the Maillard reaction model experiment using ginsenoside Re and glycine mixture to identify the renoprotective effect of MRPs from ginseng or ginsenosides. Ginsenoside Re was transformed into less-polar ginsenosides, namely Rg2, Rg6 and F4 by heat-processing. The free radical-scavenging activity of ginsenoside Re-glycine mixture was increased in a temperature-dependant manner by heatprocessing. The improved free radical-scavenging activity by heat-processing was mediated by the generation of antioxidant MRPs which led to the protection of LLC-PK1 renal epithelial cells from oxidative stress. Although the free radical scavenging activities of less-polar ginsenosides were weak, they could protect LLC-PK1 cells from oxidative stress. Therefore, MRPs and less-polar ginsenosides contributed to the combined renoprotective effects against oxidative renal damage.

Enterococcus faecium SA5의 기능적 특성과 인삼 ginsenoside Rb1의 전환 (Functional Characteristics of Enterococcus faecium SA5 and Its Potential in Conversion of Ginsenoside Rb1 in Ginseng)

  • 김은아;랜친핸드;어르가말 막살;박영우;남명수
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.172-179
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 몽골 마유로부터 분리한 유산균 Enterococcus faecium SA5의 이화학 특성을 파악하고 유산균 E. faecium SA5의 ${\beta}$-glucosidase의 활성과 이를 통한 ginsenoside 전환을 확인하는 것을 목표로 진행되었다. E. faecium SA5는 내산성, 내담즙성을 나타내었으며 4종의 병원성 미생물(Salmonella typhimurium KCTC 3216, Listeria monocytogenes KCTC 3710, Bacillus cereus KCTC 1012, Staphylococcus aureus KCTC 1621)에 항균 활성을 가질 뿐만 아니라 항생물질 colistin, gentamycin, neomycin에 내성을 나타내었다. 또한, E. faecium SA5는 bile salt hydrolase 활성을 나타내어 혈액 내 콜레스테롤 수준 감소 효과가 있다고 사료되며 10% skim milk에서 배양하였을 때, pH가 감소하고 산도 및 생균수가 증가하는 것으로 보아 발효유 스타터로써의 활성을 갖는 것으로 판단되었다. 또한 E. faecium SA5의 ${\beta}$-glucosidase에 의해 ginsenoside $Rb_1$이 ginsenoside $Rg_3-s$$Rg_3-r$으로 전환되었음을 TLC 분석을 통해 확인하였다. 따라서 E. faecium SA5는 잠재적인 probiotics로 이를 이용하여 발효유 제조 및 ginsenoside 전환 관련 건강기능식품 개발에 응용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

팽화에 의한 인삼 유효성분의 변화 (Changes in Effective Components of Ginseng by Puffing)

  • 김지혜;안순철;최성원;허남윤;김병용;백무열
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제51권3호
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    • pp.188-193
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    • 2008
  • 수삼을 수분함량 별로 건조한 다음 원형이 변하지 않는 팽화 인삼을 제조할 수 있는 최적의 압력조건을 찾아 팽화 인삼을 제조하고 각 조건 별 시료의 추출수율, 조사포닌, ginsenoside함량 변화를 관찰하였다. 팽화 처리 후 외관상의 가장 큰 변화는 갈변과 부피팽창이었다. 추출수율 측정 결과, 대조군은 37.6%, 팽화 인삼의 경우 $50.0{\sim}62.1%$의 범위로 측정되었다. 조사포닌 함량의 경우 대조군은 11.0 mg/g ginseng, 팽화 인삼은 $19.6{\sim}48.8mg/g$ ginseng의 범위로 측정되었다. 팽화 인삼에서는 홍삼 특유 사포닌인 ginsenoside-Rg3가 검출되었다. Ginsenoside-Rg3의 생성량은 팽화 압력이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. Ginsenoside-Rg3를 제외한 나머지 기본 ginsenoside와 total ginsenoside함량은 대조군에 비해 모두 증가하였지만, 팽화 압력이 증가함에 따라 그 양이 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구 결과 인삼을 적절한 조건에서 팽화처리하였을 경우 추출수율, 조사포닌 및 조사포닌 함량의 증진과 일부 ginsenoside의 변형을 확인할 수 있었다.

Ginsenoside F1 Attenuates Eosinophilic Inflammation in Chronic Rhinosinusitis by Promoting NK Cell Function

  • Kim, So Jeong;Lee, Jinju;Choi, Woo Sun;Kim, Hyo Jeong;Kim, Mi-Yeon;Kim, Sun Chang;Kim, Hun Sik
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제45권6호
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    • pp.695-705
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    • 2021
  • Background: Ginsenosides have beneficial effects on several airway inflammatory disorders primarily through glucocorticosteroid-like anti-inflammatory activity. Among inflammatory cells, eosinophils play a major pathogenic role in conferring a risk of severe refractory diseases including chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, the role of ginsenosides in reducing eosinophilic inflammation and CRS pathogenesis is unexplored. Methods: We investigated the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanism of ginsenoside F1 (G-F1) in comparison with those of dexamethasone, a representative glucocorticosteroid, in a murine model of CRS. The effects of G-F1 or dexamethasone on sinonasal abnormalities and infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells were evaluated by histological analyses. The changes in inflammatory cytokine levels in sinonasal tissues, macrophages, and NK cells were assessed by qPCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry. Results: We found that G-F1 significantly attenuated eosinophilic inflammation, mast cell infiltration, epithelial hyperplasia, and mucosal thickening in the sinonasal mucosa of CRS mice. Moreover, G-F1 reduced the expression of IL-4 and IL-13, as well as hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase required for prostaglandin D2 production. This therapeutic efficacy was associated with increased NK cell function, without suppression of macrophage inflammatory responses. In comparison, dexamethasone potently suppressed macrophage activation. NK cell depletion nullified the therapeutic effects of G-F1, but not dexamethasone, in CRS mice, supporting a causal link between G-F1 and NK cell activity. Conclusion: Our results suggest that potentiating NK cell activity, for example with G-F1, is a promising strategy for resolving eosinophilic inflammation in CRS.

Changes in ginsenoside compositions and antioxidant activities of hydroponic-cultured ginseng roots and leaves with heating temperature

  • Hwang, Cho Rong;Lee, Sang Hoon;Jang, Gwi Yeong;Hwang, In Guk;Kim, Hyun Young;Woo, Koan Sik;Lee, Junsoo;Jeong, Heon Sang
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제38권3호
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    • pp.180-186
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    • 2014
  • Background: This study evaluated changes in ginsenoside compositions and antioxidant activities in hydroponic-cultured ginseng roots (HGR) and leaves (HGL) with heating temperature. Methods: Heat treatment was performed at temperatures of $90^{\circ}C$, $110^{\circ}C$, $130^{\circ}C$, and $150^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours Results: The ginsenoside content varied significantly with heating temperature. The levels of ginsenosides Rg1 and Re in HGR decreased with increasing heating temperature. Ginsenosides F2, F4, Rk3, Rh4, Rg3 (S form), Rg3 (R form), Rk1, and Rg5, which were absent in the raw ginseng, were formed after heat treatment. The levels of ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rf, and Rb1 in HGL decreased with increasing heating temperature. Conversely, ginsenosides Rk3, Rh4, Rg3 (R form), Rk1, and Rg5 increased with increasing heating temperature. In addition, ginsenoside contents of heated HGL were slightly higher than those of HGR. The highest extraction yield was 14.39% at $130^{\circ}C$, whereas the lowest value was 10.30% at $150^{\circ}C$ After heating, polyphenol contents of HGR and HGL increased from 0.43 mg gallic acid equivalent/g (mg GAE eq/g) and 0.74 mg GAE eq/g to 6.16 mg GAE eq/g and 2.86 mg GAE eq/g, respectively. Conclusion: Antioxidant activities of HGR and HGL, measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging ability, increased with increasing heating temperature. These results may aid in improving the biological activity and quality of ginseng subjected to heat treatments.

인삼의 종자개갑시와 묘생육초기의 Ginsenosides 및 유리당의 변화 (Change of Ginsenosides and Free Sugars in Seeds During Stratification and Seedling During Early Growth Stage of Panax ginseng)

  • 박귀희;이미경;박훈
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제31권3호
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    • pp.286-292
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    • 1986
  • Saponin생합성의 개체발생학적 정보를 얻기 위하여 인삼종자의 개갑과정과 묘삼생육초기에 saponin및 유리당의 변화를 HPLC로 조사하있다. 개갑처리 40일 후에 약 80%의 saponin이 없어졌으며 Rc, Rb$_2$, Rb$_1$이 없어지고 PD가 더 많이 없어졌다. 70일 후에는 40일 후보다 증가하였으며 Rg$_2$와 Rg$_3$(추정), 20-gluco Rf(추정)의 증가는 분해용탈 외에 생합성 가능성을 배제하지 아니하였다. F$_3$(추정)는 과육에 없고 미숙배유와 배에 있고 개갑과정에서 적어졌다. Rg$_3$는 과육에 없고 배유와 배에 흔적으로 있으나 개갑에서 증가되었다. 20-gluco Rf는 개갑 중 배유와 배에서만 나타났다. 4월 20일의 묘삼근에서 saponin은 없었으나 줄기에서는 개갑시 보다 많았다. 근의 saponin 생성은 5월 29일에 나타났으나 6월 30일에야 Rc, Rb$_2$, Rb$_1$이 처음 생기며 본 궤도에 이르는 것 같다. 6월 중 단위 생중당 saponin 생합성 속도는 뿌리보다 잎에서 배가 높았다. 잎사포닌 F$_3$와 F$_{6}$가 뿌리에서 발견되고, 근 saponin Rg$_3$와 20-gluco-Rf가 엽에서 나타났으나 점점 감소하였다. Saponin함량의 변화에는 PD가 주역이여서 PT/PD는 saponin 함량과 부상관을 보였다. 재갑처리 70일에도 sucrose의 함량이 높았으나 glucose는 흔적, fructose는 없었다. 묘삼의 잎은 sucrose보다 glucose와 fructose가 초기에는 많았으나 후에는 상당히 적어졌다. 줄기는 glu-cose가 많고 기타는 흔적 정도 였으며 뿌리는 초기에 sucrose가 종자에서 보다 높았으나 그 후 모든 당이 거의 흔적뿐이었다.

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