• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.133-134
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• 2007

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.122-129
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary Panax ginseng Leaves, (PGL), Dioscorea japonica Hulls(DJH) and Oriental Medicine Refuse(OMR) on meat quality and physico-chemical properties in meat sample of Korean Native Chicken(KNC). KNC were randomly assigned to one of the 4 dietary treatment : 1) control(commercial feed), 2) PGL(commercial feed supplemented with 5% Panax ginseng leaves) 3) DJH(commercial feed with 5% Dioscorea japonica hulls) 4) OMR (commercial feed with 5% oriental medicine refuse). They were feed one of the experimental diets for 12 weeks and slaughtered. 160 KNC raised for 20 weeks. In the proximate composition, moisture, crude protein and crude ash was no significantly difference. But fat content were tended to high in control. The heating loss of control, PGL, DJH and OMR were 28.44%, 30.44%, 28.83% and 25.71% and control, PGL, and DJH were higher compared with that of OMR. The WHC(whiter holding capacity) was contrary to heating loss. The shear value and pH did not show any difference among the treatment groups. There were no significantly different in meat color(L*, a*,　b*) between control and treatment groups (L*=63.20∼70.67, a*=2.20∼4.15, b*=2.70∼6.01). In sensory evaluation, juiciness, tenderness and flavor were not detected to panelist. Among fatty acid, oleic acid of DJH and OMR were higher than that of control and PGL(p<0.05). Also, saturated fatty acid/unsaturated fatty acid of control, PGL, DJH and OMR were 1.58, 1.58, 1.64 and 1.67, respectively. DJH and OMR groups was higher than control and PGL groups(p<0.05). Total amino acid contents was control>OMR>DJH>PGL. Major amino acid of KNC was comprised to glutamic acid, lysine, aspartic acid, leucine and arginine.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.345-353
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• 2015

Background: Ginseng is a semishade perennial plant cultivated in sloping, sun-shaded areas in Korea. Recently, owing to air-environmental stress and various fungal diseases, greenhouse cultivation has been suggested as an alternative. However, the optimal light transmission rate (LTR) in the greenhouse has not been established. Methods: The effect of LTR on photosynthesis rate, growth, and ginsenoside content of ginseng was examined by growing ginseng at the greenhouse under 6%, 9%, 13%, and 17% of LTR. Results: The light-saturated net photosynthesis rate ($A_{sat}$) and stomatal conductance ($g_{s}$) of ginseng increased until the LTR reached 17% in the early stage of growth, whereas they dropped sharply owing to excessive leaf chlorosis at 17% LTR during the hottest summer period in August. Overall, 6-17% of LTR had no effect on the aerial part of plant length or diameter, whereas 17% and 13% of LRT induced the largest leaf area and the highest root weight, respectively. The total ginsenoside content of the ginseng leaves increased as the LTR increased, and the overall content of protopanaxatriol line ginsenosides was higher than that of protopanaxadiol line ginsenosides. The ginsenoside content of the ginseng roots also increased as the LTR increased, and the total ginsenoside content of ginseng grown at 17% LTR increased by 49.7% and 68.3% more than the ginseng grown at 6% LTR in August and final harvest, respectively. Conclusion: These results indicate that 13-17% of LTR should be recommended for greenhouse cultivation of ginseng.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.20 no.1 s.46
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• pp.31-36
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• 1981

These experiments were conducted to investigate some effects of the soil fumigants Dow-fume MC-2, Cylone, TeloneC-17, and D-D on the growth response of the Korea ginseng(two-year old), Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, and the chemical composition of the plants. Fumigant treatment increased growth of roots, stems, and leaves. The increase of root growth rates ranging from 2.8 to $58.7\%$ in fresh weight and 8.1 to $63.8\%$ in dry weight were observed in the 2-year old ginseng plants grown in the old ginseng soil treated with the different soil fumigants. The chemical analysis of inorganic elements such as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, and Zn was made for the roots, stems and leaves of the 2-year old plants. The increases or decreases of content of the elements were observed, and their contents of each of the elements were changed with the kind of fumigants, part of the plants, and soil depth of the fumigant treatments, but their changing tendencies were not steady.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 1989

The experiment was conducted to obtain basic information on breeding of flue-cured tobacco varieties. Nine cultivars and partial diallel set of 36 F1 hybrides were grown at Taegu Experiment Station, Korea Ginseng & Tobacco Research Institute in 1983. Estimated heritability in the narrow-sense ranged from 66.21% to 94.12% for yield, leaves per plant, days to flower, leaf weight, leaf width, leaf shape, nicotine content and reducing sugar content, while that for stalk height, leaf length, midrib weight and midrib width ranged from 28.12% to 56.25%. The genotypic correlations were positive among yield, leaf weight, leaf length, leaf width, midrib weight and midrib width in the middle leaves, days to flower, nicotine content and reducing correlated with leaf length than leaf width. At the path coefficient analysis of the effect of leaf and midrib characters upon yield according to stalk position, leaf weight, leaf width and midrib width in the middle leaves, and leaf weight, and leaf width in the top leaves showed high direct effects.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.211-217
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• 2012

Endophytic fungi were isolated from various tissues (root, stem, petiole, leaf, and flower stalk) of 3- and 4-year-old ginseng plants (Panax ginseng Meyer) cultivated in Korea. The isolated endophytic fungi were identified based on the sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 1-5.8-ITS 2. A morphological characterization was also conducted using microscopic observations. According to the identification, 127 fungal isolates were assigned to 27 taxa. The genera of Phoma, Alternaria and Colletotrichum were the most frequent isolates, followed by Fusarium, Entrophospora and Xylaria. Although 19 of the 27 taxa were identified at the species level, the remainder were classified at the genus level (6 isolates), phylum level (Ascomycota, 1 isolate), and unknown fungal species (1 isolate). Endophytic fungi of 13 and 19 species were isolated from 3- and 4-year-old ginseng plants, respectively, and Phoma radicina and Fusarium solani were the most frequently isolated species colonizing the tissues of the 3- and 4-year-old ginseng plants, respectively. The colonization frequency (CF%) was dependant on the age and tissue examined: the CFs of the roots and stems in the 3-year-old ginseng were higher than the CF of tissues in the 4-year-old plants. In contrast, higher CFs were observed in the leaves and petioles of 4-year-old plants, and endophytic fungi in the flower stalks were only detected in the 4-year-old plants. In conclusion, we detected diverse endophytic fungi in ginseng plants, which were distributed differently depending on the age and tissue examined.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.747-755
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• 2020

Background: Ginsenosides accumulation responses to temperature are critical to quality formation in cold-dependent American ginseng. However, the studies on cold requirement mechanism relevant to ginsenosides have been limited in this species. Methods: Two experiments were carried out: one was a multivariate linear regression analysis between the ginsenosides accumulation and the environmental conditions of American ginseng from different sites of China and the other was a synchronous determination of ginsenosides accumulation, overall DNA methylation, and relative gene expression in different tissues during different developmental stages of American ginseng after experiencing different cold exposure duration treatments. Results: Results showed that the variation of the contents as well as the yields of total and individual ginsenosides Rg1, Re, and Rb1 in the roots were closely associated with environmental temperature conditions which implied that the cold environment plays a decisive role in the ginsenoside accumulation of American ginseng. Further results showed that there is a cyclically reversible dynamism between methylation and demethylation of DNA in the perennial American ginseng in response to temperature seasonality. And sufficient cold exposure duration in winter caused sufficient DNA demethylation in tender leaves in early spring and then accompanied the high expression of flowering gene PqFT in flowering stages and ginsenosides biosynthesis gene PqDDS in green berry stages successively, and finally, maximum ginsenosides accumulation occurred in the roots of American ginseng. Conclusion: We, therefore, hypothesized that cold-induced DNA methylation changes might regulate relative gene expression involving both plant development and plant secondary metabolites in such cold-dependent perennial plant species.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.139-147
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• 2002

In order to the development of a new organic compost to exclusive use in a ginseng, we conducted the study of the preparation of organic fertilizer and the application effect of organic fertilizer in cultivation of ginseng. The new organic compost was composed of dryed broad leaves of acorn 40%, puffed husks of rice 40% and organic material mixture 20%. The chemical properties of the organic compost shown that the values of the total nitrogen, available phosphate, pottasium, calcium, magnesium, organic matter and C/N ratio were $17g\;kg^{-1}$, $8g\;kg^{-1}$, $11g\;kg^{-1}$, $14g\;kg^{-1}$, $4g\;kg^{-1}$, $794g\;kg^{-1}$, and 26.7, respectivly. The application effect of organic compost in the cultivation of ginseng shown that survival ratio of above ground plant of ginseng was shown the high value than control, and the ratio of root rot and red colored root were decreased. The optimal amount of organic fertilizer for ginseng seedling was $24M/T\;ha^{-1}$. The chemical properties of the ferilized soil were analyzed.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 1987

Panu ginseng (6 Year old) was grown $17^{\circ}C$/$15^{\circ}C$ and $27^{\circ}C$ day/$23^{\circ}C$ night in the light room of phytotron for 84 days. The composition of neutral lipid(NL), glycolipid(GL), phospholipid(PL) and fatty acids were investigated in leaves. The contents of NL and GL were higher in $25^{\circ}C$ while PL was lower. Similarity (simple correlation) of lipid composition between $16^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ was not significant for PL and GL but significant for NL(p = 0.001), indicating that PL and GL were important factors in the mostability. Similarity of fatty acid composition between growth temperatures was highly significant (p = 0.001) for all three lipids, while similarity between lipids was significant between NL and PL (p=0.01) and NL and GL (p=0.05), but nonsignificant between GL and PL at $16^{\circ}C$. .In NL digalactosyldiacylglycerol (3->$7^{\circ}$) increased but monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (10%) did not change at $25^{\circ}C$. In PL phosphatidic acid (22 -> 4%) and phosphatidylinositol (18 -> 5%) decreased but phosphatidyl ethanolamine (12->l6%) increased at $25^{\circ}C$. Percent unsaturated acid slightly decreased in NL and PL but greatly increased in GL at $25^{\circ}C$. Percent unsaturated bond slightly decreased in NL but did not change in PL and GL.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.254-260
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• 2013

Greenhouse and field experiments with American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) stratified seed sown at depths of 10 to 100 mm were carried out to determine effects of seeding depth on seedling emergence, growth and development and to calculate optimum seeding depth. The time to 50% seedling emergence ($E_{50}$) in the field increased linearly from 17 d at 20 mm seeding depth to 42.5 d at 80 mm. Seedling emergence and root weight (economic yield) at the end of the first year each increased quadratically with the increase of seeding depth. Maximum emergence and root yields were produced at sowing depths of 26.9 and 30.6 mm respectively. In a greenhouse pot experiment, increasing seeding depth from 10 to 100 mm increased partitioning of dry matter to leaves from 23.6% to 26.1%, to stems from 6.9% to 14.2%, and decreased dry matter to roots from 69.5% to 59.7%. Optimum seeding depth was 31.1 mm for a corresponding maximum root weight of 119.9 mg. A predictor equation [X (seeding depth, mm)=Y (seed weight, mg)/9.1+20.96] for seeding depth for ginseng, based on data for ten vegetable crops, their seed weights and suggested seeding depths, predicted a seeding depth of 28.3 mm for ginseng similar to that reported above for most pot and field experiments.