• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.63-67
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• 1988

인삼사포닌 분획물들(total saponin, diol saponin and triol saponin)이 생쥐의 항체생성에 미치는 영향과 면역억제의 회복에 미치는 영향 그리고 혈청총단백질의 생성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아본 결과 아래와 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. Total saponin은 10mg/kg/day, diol saponin은 10mg/kg/day, triol saponin은 5mg/kg/day로 생쥐에 투여하였을 때 순환성 항체가 가장 많이 생성되는 것으로 나타났다. 2. CY로 면역을 억제시킨 상태에서는 인삼사포닌을 투여하여도 순환성 항체의 생성이 대조군과 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 인삼사포닌은 항체생성과 혈청총단백질의 증가에 서로 다른 농도로 작용을 나타낸다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.518-521
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• 2004

이상계 용매시스템을 이용하여 물질을 고순도로 대량 분리 할 수 있는 기술인 countercurrent chromatography를 이용하여 인삼으로부터 생리황성 성분인 saponin을 대량 분리 농축하였다. 용매 조성별 인삼 saponin의 분배계수에 따른 인삼 saponin 분리에 적합한 용매시스템은 chloroform/methanol/water(40/39/21, v/v/v)으로 결정되었으며 HSCCC의 작동 조건은 chloroform/methanol/water 용매시스템의 하층부를 이동상으로 한 head to tail mode에서 이동상의 유속 5mL/min, 인삼추출물 injection량 $200{\mu}L$, 컬럼회전속도 800 rpm의 조건이 적합한 것으로 판단되었다. 이러한 조건하에서 분리된 인삼saponin의 양은 $550.7{\mu}g$으로 HSCCC에 주입한 인삼 추출물 $200{\mu}L$중에 존재하는 총 saponin의 양 $865.5{\mu}g$에 비교하여 전체 수율은 63.6%로 나타났으며 TLC로 각 분획의 순도를 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.200-208
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• 1986

It was attempted in this study to investigate the effect of ginseng saponin on several glycolytic enzymes of yeast cell and the following results were obtained. The amount of $CO_2$formed during the incubation of yeast cells in medium containing saponin fraction of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer was greater than that of control cells and found that the $CO_2$ formation was greatest when the cells were grown in the medium containing 10$^{-3}$% of the saponin fraction, at which the uptake of inorganic phosphate and glucose consumption were also increased. Radioactivity study of several glycolytic intermediates of yeast cells cultured in the medium containing [U-$^{14}$C]-glucose showed that the radioactivity of fructose 6-phosphate of test cells was as much as 1.6times that of control group. On the other hand, the radioactivity of pyruvate of test cells was considerably decreased compared to control. Investigation of the effect of ginseng saponin on yeast hexokinase, phosphoglucose isomers, pyruvate kinase and perverted decarboxylase in vitro showed that the maximum activities of the above enzymes were observed when the concentration of ginseng saponin was 10-$^{-5}$% in the reaction mixture. It seemed that the ginseng saponin stimulated both glycolytic enzymes such as hexokinase, phosphoglucose isomers and perverted decarboxylase significantly.

• 생약학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 1978

The present study is involved with the prolactin secretion from anterior pituitary gland by ginseng saponin since it was handled down by tradition that ginseng might influence the milk secretion when it was given to nursing mother. To investigate the effect of saponin on the prolactin production or release from the anterior pituitary gland, cell culture study and whole animal studies were carried out. For the cell culture study, enzymatically dispersed anterior pituitary cells of rat anterior pituitary gland in HEPES buffers containing trypsin were used. Ginseng saponin was added to the culture media and the amount of prolactin produced in the cell culture media was determined by radloimmunoassay(RIA) technique. Dose-dependent increases of prolactin with ginseng saponin were observed, whereas, no change was observed without ginseng treatment. For the whole animal study, normal and castrated rats which previously cannulated into the heart via the right juglar vein were used. The prolactin concentration in plasma were determined by using the technique of RIA. In normal rats, prolactin concentration in plasma were elevated dramatically after 1 hour of ginseng saponin administration, whereas, instantaneous increases were observed in castrated rats. For prolactin assay by RIA, NIAMDD Rat Prolactin Kit and NIAMDD Rat Prolactin RP-1 were used as standard. The results indicate that ginseng saponins increase the release of prolactin from the anterior pituitary gland and production of prolactin from the cell in rats.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.29-33
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• 1969

The effects of Ginseng saponin on respiration and $Na^+$, $K^+$ content of rat cerebral cortex slices were investigated to determine the action of Ginseng saponin on brain cortex at cellular level. There are many reports for the study of Ginseng on central stimulatory action in experimental animals. The electrical stimulation of slices of cortex causes a loss of potassium. And the respiration is needed to maintain a supply of energy for active cation transport. The reduction in $Qo_2$ is a consequence of primary cessation of active cation transport. Ginseng saponin stimulated respiration which was depressed by Morphine. But there was no significant change of electrolyte. It is suggested that the Ginseng saponin act rather on metabolic process than neural excitatory mechanism in vitro.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 1985

인삼 Saponin의 첨가가 효모균체 증식과 균체 지방함량 및 지방산조성에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 기본배지에 인삼의 crude saponin을 각각 0 % (control) $10^{-4}$ %, $10^{-3}$%, $10^{-2}$ %, $10^{-1}$% 되게 넣고 Rhodotorula glutinis를 접종하여 8 일간 진탕배양한 후 효모의 수율 및 지방산 조성을 비교 조사하였다. 1) 균체수율은 인삼 Saponin로 증가하였으며 $10^{-2}$ % 첨가구 8.45mg/$m\ell$로 가장 높았다. 2) 인삼 Saponin 농도가 증가함에 따라 인삼 Saponin 처리구의 균체지질함량은 $10^{-1}$% 첨가구를 제외한 모든 처리구에서 대조구보다 증가하였으며 그중 $10^{-2}$ % 첨가구에서 49.8%로 가장 많았다. 3) Rhodotorula glutinis의 균체지방산은 Palmitic acid. stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid 등이었으며, 불포화지방산 함양이 포화지방산 함양보다 많았다. 4) 인삼 Saponin 농도에 관계없이 각 처리구의 지방산 함양은 oleic＞linoleic＞linolenic＞palmitic＞stearic acid 순으로 많았으며, Saponin 농도 $10^{-2}$ % 이상의 농도에서는 palmitic acid가 linolenic acid 보다 증가하였다. 5) 인삼 Saponin 농도가 증가함에 따라 각 처리구 균체지방산 함량은 증가하였으며, 그중 $10^{-2}$ % 및 $10^{-3}$% 첨가구에서 가장 많았으나 $10^{-1}$ 첨가구에서는 현저하게 감소하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.51-54
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• 1969

The effects of saponin and histamine solution on the division of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were compared with the effects of ginseng on the division. 1. $10^{-2},\;10^{-3}%$ saponines were inhibitory on the division but $10^{-5}%$ saponin increased slightly the division, however its increasing rate was much less than that of ginseng. 2. 0.5% histamine was inhibitory on the division but $10^{-2}%$ histamine increased the division, however its increasing rate was higher than that of saponin and lower than that of ginseng. 3. Although some doses of saponin and histamine were inhibitory on the division, the increasing dose of saponin or histamine on the division could be recognized as shown in the case of the optimal dose of ginseng.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1993년도 학술대회지
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• pp.127-131
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• 1993

The effects of total ginseng saponin. extracts of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, on the differentiation of F9 teratocarcinoma stem cells were studied. F9 stem cells cultured in the presence of ginseng saponin together with dibutyric cAMP became parietal endoderm - like cells. Moreover, the expressions of differentiation marker genes. laminin. type IV collagen. and retinoic acid $receptor-{\beta}(RAR{\beta})$ were increased after treatment of ginseng saponin. Among various ginsenosides purified from crude ginseng saponin, $Rh_1\;and\;Rh_2$ caused the differentiation of F9 cells most effectively. Since ginsenosides and steroid hormone show resemblance in chemical structure. we studied the possibility of the involvement of a steroid receptor in the differentiation process induced by ginsenosides. According to Southwestern blot analysis, a 94 kDa protein regarding as a steroid receptor was detected in F9 cells cultured in the medium containing ginseng saponin. Based on these data, we suggest that ginseng saponin, especially ginsenosides $Rh_1\;and\;Rh_2$ cause the differentiation of F9 cells and the effects of ginsenosides might be exerted via binding with a steroid receptor or its analogous nuclear receptor.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 1981

In this experiment, observations were made on the effects of ginseng saponin, one of the major components of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng, C. A. Meyer) root, on the membranes of microorganism (E. coli K-12), the concentration of intracelluar and extracellular cycle AMP therein, and uptake of U-14C-glucose. When the E. coli were grown on media containing 0.1% ginseng saponin, the growth was faster than for that of the control by about 30 minutes. The lysis of E. coli grown on the ginseng saponin medium increased to about double that of the control in the stationary phase. And the amount of protein and lipopolysaccharides in the outer cell meberances increased 25% and 80% respectively in comparison with the control. By electron microscope observation, it was shown that the periplasmic region of the E. coli grown on the ginseng saponin medium was widened it was observed that the cellular cyclic AMP content of the E. coli increased significantly to the hightest levels between the late exponential phase and early stationary phase. The total cyclic AMP content of E. coli grown on the ginseng saponin medium decreased about 50% when compared to that of the control.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.233-240
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• 1996

In order to study effects of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) saponin fraction on polyamine metabolism in rat organs, Korean ginseng saponin fraction was administrated to rats for 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12 months and brain, liver, prostate, spleen and testis were removed from these rats. Two enzyme activities were measured from those organs; ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), which is a regulatory enzyme of putrescence biosynthesis and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC), which is also a regulatory enzyme of spermidine and spermine biosynthesis. The amounts of polyamine were also determined. As for prostate and testis organs, Korean ginseng saponin fraction was innocuous for ODC and SAMDC activities from rats fed for 1 and 2 months. However, after 3 months, the stimulatory effect on the activities of two enzyme gradually increased in test groups and reached its maximum in 12 months. The contents of spermidine and spermlne of test groups in prostate and testis were also much higher than those of control groups. Another stimulatory effect on the activities of two enzymes was observed in liver and reached its maximum in 6 months. In the other organs such as brain and spleen, the enzymes were turned out to be not affected by feeding Korean ginseng saponin fraction. From the cumulative results, the stimulatory effect of Korean ginseng saponin fraction on polyamine metabolism was observed in prostate, testis and liver.