• 한국연초학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.184-189
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• 2000

This study was conducted to develop the objective evaluation method for tobacco smoke. The evaluation was carried out by using the data of cut or blended tobacco components, smoke components, electric nose system (ENS), and sensory test. By using the statistical methods, such as cluster analysis, discriminant analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis, the relationship among the data of tobacco, smoke, ENS, and sensory evaluation was studied. By the results of cluster analysis, the data from smoke analysis by GC and ENS were able to select the difference of tobacco leaf characteristics. As the results of discriminant analysis, grouping by the components of tobacco leaves and smoke was possible and the results of GC analysis of smoke could be used for discrimination of tobacco leaves. In the results of factor analysis, nicotine, tar, CO, puff No and pH in the smoke were the factors effecting on the tobacco leaf characteristics. From the correlation analysis, aroma, taste, irritation, and smoke volume of sensory test had high relation to tar, p-cresol threonolatone, levoglucosane, and quinic acid- ${\gamma}$ -lactone of smoke. The ENS data showed high efficiency for discriminant analysis and cluster analysis, but it was not good for factor analysis, and correlation analysis. It was possible to estimate tobacco leaves and their blending characteristics by the analytical data of tobacco leaves, smoke, ENS, and sensory test results. By the multiple regression analysis, some correlation among selected chemical components and sensory evaluation were found. This study strongly indicated that the some chemical analysis data was available for the objective evaluation of tobacco sensory attributes.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.207-211
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• 1981

재식밀도를 달리하여 소향을 공시하고 생육, 수양 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 2개년(1979, 1980)동안 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 주당 절대 생장양과 액아 발생량은 소식구보다 밀식구에서 적었다. 2. 엽면적은 소식일수록 컸으나 엽면적지수는 밀식구에서 컸으며 단위 엽면적중은 처리간에 차가 인정되지 않았다. 3. 상대생장률은 소식일수록 후기 생육이 계속되었고, 초형은 밀식인 경우에 양분경합으로 상위엽의 전개가 저해되었으나, 수광율은 본, 상엽에서 광합성작용에 충분한 것으로 보였다. 4. 모용수, Total alkaloid 및 Total nitrogen 함량은 밀식구에서 적었고, 세포간극율, Total sugar 함량은 처리간에 차이가 없었다. 5. 수량은 밀식할수록 많아지는 경향이었으며, 품질은 처리간에 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 따라서 16,666주보다 밀식하여도 품질면에서 지장이 없을것으로 생각된다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.126-135
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• 2019

Background: The ginseng ginsenosides, which have various physiological activities, are known to be more abundant in the leaves than in the roots, and the consumers' interest in ginseng sprout as a functional vegetable has been increasing. Methods and Results: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of growth period on growth properties, active ingredients and rheology of ginseng sprouts cultivated in a non-heated greenhouse equipped with a shade net for 60 days, starting from the end of May to the middle of July. The chlorophyll content of the leaves decreased, but their length and width increased with increasing cultivation days. In particular, growth increased significantly until 40 days, but only slightly after 50 days. The stem length did not increase greatly from the 20 th to the 30 th day of cultivation, but increased significantly from the 30 th to the 40 th day, and then further increased gradually. The weight of the leaves, stems, and roots increased slightly, but not change significantly. After 40 days of cultivation, the total ginsenoside content increased by 1.07 times in the leaves and decreased by 0.80 times in the roots with increasing cultivation days. The leaf contents of ginsenosides $Rg_1$, Re, $Rb_1$, Rc, $F_3$ and $F_4$ increased with increasing cultivation days. The rheological properties of ginseng sprout showed the greatest influence on stem hardening with increasing cultivation days. Conclusions: Therefore, based on the growth characteristics, active ingredients and physical properties, 40 days after sowing was considered to be an appropriate harvesting time for ginseng sprouts.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.181-195
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• 1989

The study was conducted to obtain the genetic informations for some useful characters in tobacco breeding. The eight parents and a set of 28 crosses of F1's and F2's were used as materials, and planted on two different cultivated systems, i. e., oriental's and burley systems, during 1986-1988 at taegu Experiment Station, Korea Ginseng & Tobacco Research Institute. The observed characters were six agronomic characters which were plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf width, days to flowering, yield and five chemical components, nicotine, total nitrogen, protein nitrogen, total volatile base and pet, ether extract. The results obtaining are summarized as follows: 1. The higher heritabilities were found for days to flowering yield and nicotine in both generations, but values for number of leaves per plant, leaf length, total nitrogen and protein nitrogen were lower than other characters. 2. Genotypic correlation coefficients among all pairs of characters were slightly higher than the corresponding phenotypic correlations in F1's and F2's on two different cultivated systems. The relationship between leaf length and leaf width was the positive correlation, but that between number of leaves per plant and leaf width was negative. 3. From the genotypic correlations between yield and other characters, a conclusion that the yield was highly correlated with plant height, leaf length, leaf width and days to flowering was given. 4. Quality was positively correlated with number of leaves per plant and nicotine, but negatively with the other agronomic characters and chemical components.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.369-374
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• 1987

풍기와 금산지방의 백삼포장을 대상으로 인삼의수량, 재식본수, 결주율, 근중엽면적 수확근수간의 상호관계를 조사하였다. 1. 금산지방은 풍기지역보다 재식본수가 거의 2배나 되며 박엽을 및 결주율이 높고 수량은 낮았다 2. 수량이 밀식재배에서는 근수에 의존하고 소식재배에서는 근중에 의존하였다. 결주율이 수량에 주는 영향은 밀식재배에서 더욱 현저하였으며 재식본수는 유의성은 없으나 수량과 부상관이였다. 결주율과 재식본수와는 무관하였다. 3. 채굴본수는 재식본수에 의존하고 특히 결주율에 의해 제한되었다. 4. 수량은 수확기 엽면적지수(LAI) 특히 생육 최성기 LAI 에 의존하였으며 LAI는 밀식재배에서는 채를 본수에만 소식재배에서는 주엽면적에만 의존하였고 LAI 는 밀식과 소식재배간 차이가 없었으며 MR에 의하여 제한되었다. 5. 주엽면적은 근중에 고도로 의존하였으며 밀식에 의하여 LAI 가 증대하지 않는 원인이고 모든 포장은 최적 LAI 이하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.115-120
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• 1981

토양수분이 인삼생육에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 토경Pot(1/2000cm)에 묘삼을 이식하여 토양수분함량별 지상부 및 지하부 생육장황, 근수량과 지상부 형질과의 상호관계를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 인삼생육에 대한 토양의 적정수분 함량은 포장용수량의 65. 5%(절대수분 22.1%였고 생육이 정지되는 토양수분 함량은 포장용수량의 31.5%(절대수분 10.7%)였다. 2. 토양수분 함중이 적은 곳에서는 출아 및 전엽율이 상당히 지연되었으며 엽면적외 감소와 지상부 결주가 많아져 근수량이 현저히 감소되였다. 3. 근수량은 엽면적(r=0.91**) 경직경(r=0.76**) 경장(r=0.71**) 지상부생중(r=0.96**)간에 각각 정의 상기관계가 있었고 지상부 결주율(r=-0.77**) 간에 부의 상관관계가 있었다. 4. 생근중과 수분함량(r=- 0.80**)간에 부의 상관관계가 있어 수분이 충분한 곳에서 자란 인삼은 조직이 치밀함을 나타내었다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.294-302
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• 2016

Background: Crop rotation plays an important role in improving soil chemical properties, minimizing the presence of disease pathogens, and assists in neutralizing autotoxic effects associated with allelochemicals. Methods and Results: Five rotation crops of sudan grass, soybean, peanut, sweet potato, and perilla were cultivated for one year with an aim to reduce yield losses caused by repeated cropping of ginseng. In 2-year-old ginseng grown in the same soil as a previous ginseng crop, stem length and leaf area were reduced by 30%, and root weight per plant was reduced by 56%. Crop rotation resulted in a significant decrease in electrical conductivity, $NO_3$, and $P_2O_5$ content of the soil, whereas organic matter, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Zn content remained-unchanged. Soil K content was increased following crop rotation with sudan grass and peanut only. Rotation with all alternate crops increased subsequent ginseng aerial plant biomass, whereas root weight per plant significantly increased following crop rotation with perilla only. A significant positive correlation was observed between root rot ration and soil K content, and a significant negative correlation was observed between ginseng root yield and the abundance of actinomycetes. Crop rotation affected the soil microbial community by increasing gram negative microbes, the ratio of aerobic microbes, and total microbial biomass whereas decreases were observed in actinomycetes and the ration of saturated fatty acids. Conclusions: In soil exhibiting crop failure following replanting, crop rotation for one year promoted both soil microbial activity and subsequent ginseng aerial plant biomass, but did not ameliorate the occurrence of root rot disease.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.430-441
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• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of natural bioactive products such as Manda enzyme (T1), Yangmyeongwon (T2), effective microorganisms (T3), and Kelpak (T4) on the growth and ginsenoside contents of Panax ginseng cultured in an aeroponic system using a two-layer vertical type of nutrient bath under natural light conditions. The growth of ginseng plants showed specific characteristics according to the positions in which they were cultured due to the difference of light transmittance and temperature in the upper and lower layers during aeroponic culture in a two-layer vertical type of system. The growth of the aerial part of the leaves and stems of ginseng plants cultured in the lower layer (4,000 to 6,000 lx, $23^{\circ}C$ to $26^{\circ}C$) of the nutrient bath was observed to be superior to that of the ginseng plants cultured in the upper layer (12,000 to 15,000 lx, $25^{\circ}C$ to $28^{\circ}C$). The leaf area was significantly larger in the treatment of T2 and T4 (46.70 $cm^2$) than with other treatments. Conversely, the values of the root weight and root diameter were higher in ginseng plants cultured in the upper layer of the nutrient bath. The root weight was significantly heavier in the treatment of T4 (6.46 g) and T3 (6.26 g) than with other treatments. The total ginsenoside content in the leaves and roots was highest in the ginseng plants cultured by the treatment of T1, at 16.20%, while the total ginsenoside content obtained by other treatments decreased in the order of T4, T5 (control), T2, and T3, at 13.21%, 12.30%, 14.84%, and 14.86%, respectively. The total ginsenoside content of the ginseng leaves was found to be significantly higher in the treatment of T1 in the lower layer of the nutrient bath, at 15.30%, while the content of the ginseng roots in the treatments of T3 and T4, at 1.27% and 1.23%, respectively, was significantly higher than in other treatments in the upper layer of the nutrient bath.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.251-256
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• 2009

The parts of leaves, flowers and stems in ginseng were obtained for analyzing the component of saponin on 15th April, 25th April, 5th May, 25th May, which were considered as ginseng foliation stage. The total saponin content of the leaves were 97.29, 66.42, 67.61, 36.24 mg/g, respectively, in which the content of Re, $Rb_1$ and Rd were more than 2/3 amount of total saponin. Especially, the saponin content of leaves decreased according to the sequential collection days, in which the similar results were observed from the flowers and stems of ginseng. The total saponin content of the flowers and stems were 141.09,143.84,139.25,133.47 and 13.32, 9.85, 8.00, 4.65 mg/g, respectively. Among them, the content of Re, Rd and $Rb_2$ in flowers were more than 2/3 while the content of Re, $Rg_1$ and Rd in stems showed more than 9/10 amount of total saponin. The total saponin content of individual leaf were 19.46, 28.56, 58.82 and 169.24 mg/plant, 2.53, 2.76, 5.20 and 12.32 mg/plant in stems, and 14.11, 30.21, 37.60 and 73.41 mg/plant in flowers. Therefore, the total saponin content of aboveground parts in ginseng were leaves > flowers > stems.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 1980

포장조건하(圃場條件下)에서 인삼개체간의 근생육경합(根生育競合)을 유형별(類型別)로 분류(分類)하고 경합정도(競合程度)를 단순상관으로 검정하였다. 경합유형(競合類型)은 행간(行間), 열간(列間) 및 대각간으로 나눌 수 있고 각유형별(各類型別) 경합요인(競合要因)은 광(光), 양수분(養水分) 및 양자로 볼 수 있다. 경합(競合)의 정도(程度)는 행간(行間)이 가장 크며 열간(列間)과 대각간은 경우(境遇)에 따라 다르다. 후행(後行) 에서는 대각간 경합(競合)이 가장 컸다. 개체경합은 4년근(年根)에서 뚜렷해지는 것 같다. 이상의 결과와 엽면적지수가 4년근(年根)에서 부터 1 이상(以上)인 것으로 보아 광경합(光競合)이 개체생육을 결정(決定)하는 주요인(主要因)으로 광경합(光競合)의 감소(減少)또는 제거(除去)에 충분(充分)한 일복내광량증대가 수량(收量) 증대의 방법으로 보였다.