• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제43권5호
• /
• pp.735-740
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 인삼의 threonine/sucrose 용액 침지 및 볶음온도에 따른 색상의 발현특성을 조사하였다. 인삼의 아미노산 및 당 혼합용액 침지 및 볶음 조건은 threonine 농도($X_1$, 0.1~0.9%), sucrose 농도($X_2$, 1.0~3.0%) 및 볶음온도($X_3$, $130{\sim}170^{\circ}C$)이며, 종속변수로는 갈색도, Hunter's colors 및 관능적 색상을 반응표면분석을 통하여 모니터링 하였다. 갈색도와 기계적 색도에 대한 회귀식의 $R^2$은 모두 0.8758이상으로 5%의 유의수준에서 유의성이 있었다. 인삼추출물의 갈색도가 가장 높은 침지 및 볶음조건은 threonine 농도 0.70% 및 sucrose 농도 2.32%에서 침지한 후 건조하여 $166.03^{\circ}C$에서 25분간 볶음처리한 것으로 나타났다. 볶음 인삼의 적색도가 가장 높은 침지 및 볶음조건은 threonine 농도 0.74% 및 sucrose 농도 2.19%에서 침지한 후 건조하여 $165.40^{\circ}C$에서 볶음처리한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 황색도가 가장 높은 침지 및 볶음조건은 threonine 농도 0.61% 및 sucrose 농도 2.84%에서 침지한 후 건조하여 $159.16^{\circ}C$에서 볶음처리한 것으로 나타났다. 관능적 특성으로서 볶음 인삼의 색상에 대한 관능평점은 threonine 농도 0.53% 및 sucrose 농도 1.01%에서 침지한 후 건조하여 $146.96^{\circ}C$에서 25분으로 볶음처리한 것이 가장 높은 기호도 (7.27)를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.165-174
• /
• 1980

The concentrated red ginseng extract (RGE) which was prepared from water extract of red ginseng tails was investigated for its changes in color intensity, sugar contents and during storage at various temperatures. In order to evaluate the color of RCE, a spectrophotometric measurement in ultraviolet and visible range was applied. The concentrated RGE was divided into three fractions of aqueous, butanol and benzene layers. It was found that : (1) Increase in RCE color during heat treatment was considered to be due to nonezymatic browning reaction. Water soluble layer showed approximately 100 times higher color intensity than those of organic solvent layers (2) The RCE stored at 8$0^{\circ}C$ showed an increase in fructose and glucose content while a rapid decrease was resulted at 10$0^{\circ}C$. (3) A rapid increase in absorbances at 400 and 460nm was shown at 90 and 10$0^{\circ}C$ after an initial induction period and slowed down after 50 hours . (4) A significant relationship was found between decrease in sugar content and increase in color intensity. (5) Absorbance ratio of 400nm/460nm indicated that benzene layer has about two times higher value in violet color than those of butanol and aqueous layers.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.163-171
• /
• 1995

Organoleptic qualities were evaluated putting emphasis on flavor and color of white ginseng powders which were treated with ethylene oxide(EO) and gamma radiation(5, 10kGy) for microbial decontaminations. Immediately after treatments, there was no significant changes in the overall flavor and color of the samples between the nontreated control and both treatments. The color of even airtight-packaged samples, however, was changed(p<0.05) after 7 months of storage at 30$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$ when treated with EO and 10 kGy. These changes in color were confirmed by the instrumental determinations for the stored samples. Thus, it can be proposed that gamma Irradiation below 10kGy combined with airtight packaging is required for keeping the organoleptic quality of white ginseng powders for more than 6 months of storage.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.108-113
• /
• 1981

Major quality indices for deterioration of red ginseng including oxidation of lipids and change of brown color intensity were periodically investicated during storage of Red Ginseng under various water activity conditions at 3$0^{\circ}C$. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. The monolayer moisture contents were 3.25% and 6.3% for red ginseng and red ginseng powder, respectively, and the corresponding water activities were 0.14 and 0.16, respectively. 2. Oxidation of lipids as measured by TBA value increased with an increase in relative humidity and storage period 3. Under storage conditions above 42% R H., brown color intensity also increased in similar fashion to that of oxidation of lipids as relative humidity and storage Period increased 4. It was concluded from above results that water activity of Red Ginseng should be kept less than 0.57 so that red ginseng could Preserve stable qualify.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.248-255
• /
• 1985

In order to investigate the optimal drying condition of white ginseng by using bulk air drier(130 x 62 x 65cm), drying curves, diffusion coefficient at various drying temperature, the energy of activation, variation of color intensity and chemical components during drying of white ginseng were studied. Fick's second low of diffusion for diffusion out of spheres was successfully applied to describe the drying of white ginseng. It was found that the diffusion coefficient of water was 2.2x107, 9.0x107 cm2/sec at drying temperature 4$0^{\circ}C$, 55$^{\circ}C$, respectively. An Arrhenius type temperature dependency of moisture diffusivity was found, the energy of activation being 18.8 Kcal/g mol. Color intensity of white ginseng dried at various drying temperature was increased with an increase in drying temperature. The contents of crude protein, reducing sugar and crude saponin during drying of white ginseng were gradually decreased as increasing of drying time. And with the sensory evaluation by multiple comparison difference analysis, the optimal drying temperature of white ginseng was between 45$^{\circ}C$ and 5$0^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.228-231
• /
• 1993

Physicochemival properties of ginseng roasted at 170 to $250^{\circ}C$ were investigated. Soluble solid contents in roast ginseng increased until $200^{\circ}C$, but decreased at higher temperature than $200^{\circ}C$. Contents of reducing sugar and protein were decreased and pH values were dropped, while optical density, acidic polysaccharide contents, precursor of brown pigments and hydrogen donating activities by DPPH were increased according to increasing in roast temperatures. The color distribution of roast ginseng expressed as Hunter L, a and b values demonstrated that lower L values and higher a values were observed according to higher temperature, but b values were almost not changed.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.325-329
• /
• 2006

This study was to investigate the effect of the addition of red ginseng powder in Dasik. The addition of red ginseng powder in Dasik that we used with was in the ratio of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% of red ginseng powder to Dasik in weight. Also, we used two different kinds of Dasik. One was made of starch and the other was made of flour. The physic-chemical analysis and sensory test were performed on the Dasik. The red ginseng powder added flour and starch Dasik showed lower moisture content and higher ash content compared with the non-added control group. In color analysis, whereas L value lowed at the addition of red ginseng powder, a and b value increased at the addition of red ginseng powder. In mechanical texture test, addition of red ginseng powder starch Dasik showed high hardness, cohesiveness and brittleness. Addition of red ginseng powder flour Dasik showed high springiness and gumminess. In the sensory test, the addition of the red ginseng powder reduced the sweetness and increased the surface color and the flavor. There was no difference in preference between the Dasik with up to 4% of red ginseng powder added and the control group, but the Dasik with 6% or more red ginseng was found undesirable (p<0.05). In conclusion, the Dasik with up to 4% addition of red ginseng powder would be the useful method to fulfill the traditional quality of Dasik. It was also found that the flour Dasik was to be more preferable than the starch Dasik.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.196-202
• /
• 2010

The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics of black ginseng jelly prepared with different 5 levels(0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%) of black ginseng extract. We assessed the ginsenosides level of white and black ginseng for comparison between white and black ginseng. And we conducted the pH, sugar content, Hunter's color values, the mechanical characteristics and sensory evaluation of black ginseng jelly samples. The levels of ginsenoside $Rg_3,\;Rh_1$, and $Rh_2$ of black ginseng were higher than those of white ginseng. The more black ginseng extract was increased, the sugar contents of black ginseng jelly were significantly increased(p<0.05). We noted that the luminance and Hunter's b values of jelly samples were decreased according to black ginseng extract was increased, but in Hunter's a values 0.5% black ginseng jelly was the highest of the all. With regard to the mechanical properties of the black ginseng jelly samples, the score of hardness, gumminess and chewiness were significantly increased. In color, taste and overall quality, the score of jelly with 1.0% black ginseng extract was significantly increased than those of the all.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.206-210
• /
• 1982

pH, 유기산(有機酸), ascorbic acid 및 자외선조사(紫外線照射)가 홍삼갈색화반응촉진(紅蔘褐色化反應促進)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)하였다. 홍삼(紅蔘)의 갈색화반응(褐色化反應)은 약(弱) alkali성(性) 범위(範圍)에서 갈변(褐變)이 촉진(促進)되는 경향(傾向)을 보였으며 citric acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid등(等)의 유기산(有機酸) 첨가(添加)도 홍삼(紅蔘)의 갈변반응(褐變反應)을 촉진(促進)하였다. Fumalic acid의 단독첨가(單獨添加)는 홍삼(紅蔘)의 갈색화반응(褐色化反應)을 촉진(促進)하였으나 glucose, glutamic acid , $glucose{\times}glutamic$ acid의 혼합처리(混合處理)는 갈변(褐變)을 저하(低下)시켰다. 0.1M 이상(以上)의 ascorbic acid 처리(處理)는 홍삼갈색화반응(紅蔘褐色化反應)에 아주 큰 촉진효과(促進效果)가 있었으며 동시(同時)에 양질홍삼(良質紅蔘)의 특유(特有)한 색상(色相)인 홍색도(紅色度)도 크게 증대(增大)되었다. 자외선조사(紫外線照射)는 홍삼건조(紅蔘乾燥) 초기(初期)에는 갈변(褐變)을 상당히 촉진(促進)하였으나 그 이후(以後)에는 갈색도(褐色度)가 감소(減少)되었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.61-66
• /
• 2006

The objective of this study was to compare the color and microstructure of powder, redness, brownness, and antioxidative activity in extruded ginseng, white ginseng and red ginseng extracts. The colors of extruded dry ginseng powder (moisture content 30%, barrel temperature $110^{\circ}C$, and screw speed 200 rpm) were similar to those of red ginseng. Intact cell wall structure was examined in dried root ginseng at $70^{\circ}C$ (A), white ginseng with skin (D), white ginseng without skin (E), and red ginseng (F) under a scanning electron microscope. The cell wall was not detected in samples B and C (dry ginsengs extruded with 25% and 30% moisture contents, respectively). Intact starch granules were detected in samples A, D, and E under a scanning electron microscope. Melted starch granules were detected in samples B, C, and F. Colors (L, a, b) of 50% EtOH extracts were similar in samples C and F. Browniness and redness of extracts were high in extruded dry ginseng and red ginseng extracts. Extruded dry ginseng (B) showed higher electron donation ability and phenolic content than the other samples.