• 약학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.20-23
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• 1994

The contents of ginkgolides were determined in the leaves of male and female Ginkgo biloba from late spring until mid-autumn. Ginkgolides were detected during the whole growing season in the leaves of each tree. Ginkgolides content was low in late spring, gradually increased to reach a maximum in august and decreased thereafter. The male trees have two or three times higher ginkgolides content than the female trees. Comparing our results with that of previously reported values, the sexual variation of ginkgolides content seemed not to be genetic.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1885-1887
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• 2006

• 생약학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.304-308
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• 1993

A platelet activating factor(PAF) antagonist ginkgolides produced from Ginkgo biloba are well known for their potential usage in septic shock and other PAF related diseases. Even though they are extracted from the leaves and on occasion the root bark, the exact biosynthetic site and pathway have not proved yet. In order to locate the enzymes involved and elucidate the biosynthetic site of the compounds, embryo-derived aseptic intact plantlet and plantlet without root have been cultured on 0.3% active carbon-containing solid Murashige and Skoog's medium. The leaves from the six-week-old normal plantlet contained similar amount of ginkgolide B to that of outdoor plant leaves, while the plantlets without root had less than 30% of the ginkgolide B compared to the in vitro intact plantlets. The results suggest that the ginkgolides may be synthesized in the root and transported to the aerial part.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.80-88
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• 2017

Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) is a standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves and has anti- atherosclerosis properties. Many patients with atherosclerosis disorders take Ginkgo biloba extracts to supplement current therapy. In addition, normal healthy individuals also take Ginkgo biloba extracts for prophylactic purposes. However, it is unknown whether supplementation of Gingko biloba extracts in healthy individuals offer a benefit. In this study, we assessed whether EGb 761 could provide beneficial effects on serum cholesterol levels in normal mice. Wild-type C56Bl/6 mice were orally administered EGb 761 at 25 mg/kg (Group 3) or 50 mg/kg (Group 4) every other day for 40 days. We found that the serum levels of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) were significantly increased in EGb 761 and lovastatin treated groups. Treatment with EGb 761 and lovastatin resulted in reduced serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) compared to control group. Serum lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) levels were higher in EGb 761 and lovastatin treated group compared to the control group. However, no difference was observed in serum APO A-I levels between the control group and treatment group. These results suggest that EGb 761 can increase HDL-C resulting in increased serum LCAT levels.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제73권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 1986

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 잣나무와 은행나무에 대하여 인공산성우(人工酸性雨), 건조(乾燥) 및 식염수(食鹽水)를 처리(處理)하여 가시적(可視的) 엽피해(葉被害)를 유발(誘發)시켰을 때 수종간(樹種間) 및 처리간(處理間)의 엽피해(葉被害)에 대한 조직변화(組織變化)를 알아보고자 시도(試圖)되었다. 잣나무의 피해엽조직(被害葉組織)에서 공통적(共通的)으로 관찰(觀察)된 것은 엽육조직(葉肉組織)의 파괴(破壞)였으며, 산성우(酸性雨)에 의한 피해엽조직(被害葉組織)에서는 표피(表皮)가 파괴(破壞)되었으며, 건조(乾操)에 의한 피해엽조직(被害葉組織)에서는 표피(表皮), 엽육조직(葉肉組織) 및 내피(內皮)가 수축되거나 변형(變形)되었으며, 식염수(食鹽水)에 의한 피해(被害)는 사부(篩部)와 이입조직(移入組織)(transfusion tissue)의 파괴(破壞) 등이 각각 특이(特異)한 점으로 나타났다. 한편, 은행나무 피해엽조직(被害葉組織)에서 공통적(共通的)으로 관찰(觀察)된 것은 해면조직(海綿組織)의 파괴(破壞)였으며 산성우(酸性雨)에 의한 피해(被害)로는 표피(表皮)와 책상조직(柵狀組織)의 파괴(破壞), 건조(乾操)에 의 한 피해(被害)로는 해면조직(海綿組織)의 수축 변형(變形), 식염수(食鹽水)에 의한 피해(被害)로는 내피(內皮)와 이입조직(移入組織)의 가벼운 비대현상(肥大現象)과 파괴(破壞) 등이 각각 특이(特異)한 점이었다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.223-228
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• 2020

아름다운 헤어스타일을 위하여 건강한 모발을 꾸준히 관리해야 할 필요성이 강하게 대두(擡頭)되고 있으며, 시대적 요구에 따라 인체에 무해(無害)한 천연 항산화 물질을 활용한 모발 화장품 개발이 필요한 시점이다. 이에 매우 탁월한 생리활성 성분이 이미 입증된 은행잎(Ginkgo biloba L.) 추출물을 도포 한 모발에 대한 최대 하중, 최대 인장강도, 최대 신장률, 파단 하중, 파단강도, 파단 신장률, 구간에 따른 Max. modulus와 Tangential modulus 값 등 다양한 융합적인 물성(物性)실험을 하였다. 연구 결과 은행잎 추출물을 도포 한 모발은 대조군에 비하여 인장강도를 포함한 고유 물성값이 전반적으로 증가하였다. 본 연구를 통해 은행잎이 기존 출시된 건강보조식품이나 의약품뿐만 아니라 퍼머넌트 웨이브 제재와 같은 모발 화장품의 유용한 재료로서의 가능성에 대해 연구를 하고자 하며, 다양한 모발 화장품의 후속개발을 위한 유용한 연구자료로 제공되기를 기대한다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.92-100
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• 2022

Ginkgo biloba Leaf Extract (GBE) is an extract from leaves of the Ginkgo biloba tree, widely used as a health supplement. GBE can inhibit the proliferation of several types of tumor cell. Although it is known to have anti-cancer effects in breast cancer and skin cancer, research related to gastric cancer is still insufficient. Based on results showing anti-cancer effects on solid cancer, we aimed to determine whether GBE has similar effects on gastric cancer. In this study, the anti-cancer effect of GBE in gastric adenocarcinoma was investigated by confirming the cell proliferation inhibitory effect of AGS cells. We also evaluated whether GBE regulates expression of the tumor suppressor protein p53 and Rb. GBE has apoptotic effects on AGS cells that were confirmed by changes in anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and pro-apoptosis protein Bax levels. Wound healing and cell migration were also decreased by treatment with GBE. Furthermore, we verified the effects of GBE on mitogenic signaling by investigating AKT target gene expression levels and revealed downregulated Sod2 and Bcl6 expression. We also confirmed that expression of inflammation-related genes decreased in a time-dependent manner. These results indicate that GBE has an anti-cancer effect on human gastric cancer cell lines. Further research on the mechanism of the anti-cancer effect will serve as basic data for possible anti-cancer drug development.

• 생약학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.111-120
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• 1990

Five biflavones and sevenflavonolglycosideswereisolatedfromtheleaves of Ginkgo biloba. They were sciadopitysin(1), ginkgetin(2), isoginkgetin(3), bilobetin(4), amentoflavone(5), kaempferol 3-O-[$6'-O-{\rho}-coumaroyl-{\beta}-_D-glucopyranosyl(1{\rightarrow}2)-{\alpha}-_Lrhamnopyranoside$](6), quercetin 3-O-[$6'-O-{\rho}-coumaroyl-{\beta}-_D-glucopyranosyl(1{\rightarrow}2)-{\alpha}-_Lrhamnopyranoside$](8), rutinosides of kaempferol(7), isorhamnetin(9), quercetin(10), laricitrin(11), and kaempferol 3-O-($2',6'-{\alpha}-_L-dirhamnopyranosyl-{\beta}-_{D}-glucopyranoside$)(12). The structures were established by spectroscopic and chemical methods.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.24-29
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• 2001

은행잎함유 살충성분인 bilobalide의 활성부위를 조사하기 위해 bilobalide를 가수분해 및 산화를 시킨 후 구조를 확인하고 살충활성을 검정하였다. 분해물의 분석 결과, 염기에 의한 가수분해물은 cyclopentenone 계열의 화합물로 밝혀졌고, 산화물은 trilactone 형태를 유지한 sesquiterpene 구조로써 dehydration된 형태로 추정되었다. 분해물의 살충활성을 검정한 결과, 살충력의 크기는 bilobalide, monoacetyl 유도체, ginkgolide C, 산화분해물, diacetyl 유도체, 가수분해물의 순으로 감소하여 bilobalide의 살충력을 나타내는데에는 trilactone의 구조를 유지하는 것이 중요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.306-313
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• 1999

Polyphenol Oxidase(PPO) was purified from an extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves by ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by sephadex G-150 column chromatography, which resulted in a 18-fold increase in specific activity. The enzyme was most active at pH 8.5 and the temperature optimum for the PPO catechol oxidation reaction was $45^{\circ}C$. Heat inactivation studies showed that heating for 7, 9 and 48 min, at 80, 70 and $60^{\circ}C$ respectively caused a 50% loss in enzymatic activity and that the enzyme was completely inactivated after heat treatment at $90^{\circ}C$ for 60 min. Km values of the PPO for catechol, hydroquinone and 4-methylcatechol derived from Lineweaver-Burk plots were $6.06\;{\times}\;10^{-4}M,\;1.02\;{\times}\;10^{-3}M,\;1.41\;{\times}\;10^{-3}M$ respectively. Of the substrates tested, 4-methylcatechol was oxidized most readily and the enzyme did not oxidize monophenols. The enzyme datalyzed browning reaction was completely inhibited in the presence of reducing reagents, namely ascorbic acid, cysteine, glutathione, 2-mercaptoethanol, potassium metabisulfite at 0.5 mM level. Sodium chloride showed very little inhibition effect on Ginkgo biloba leaves PPO. Lineweaver-Burk analysis of inhibition data revealed that the inhibition by cysteine, 2-mercaptoethanol, potassium cyanide was competitive with ki values of $1.1\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M,\;2.4\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M,\;8\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M$, respectively. Among the divalent cations, $Cu^{2+}ion$ was a strong activator on PPO and $Mn^{2+}ion$ was little or no effect on PPO activity $Ni^{2+}ion$ was an inhibitor on PPO.