• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.239-246
• /
• 2019

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to propose and assess a shade guide for pink gingival aesthetics using a Spanish population sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The $L^*$, $C^*$, h, $a^*$ and $b^*$ coordinates of 259 participants were measured using a spectrophotometer in 3 standardized points along the attached gingiva of the maxillary central incisors. A hierarchical clustering analysis was applied to obtain separate solutions regarding the number of shade tabs. For each of the solutions obtained, color differences (${\Delta}E^*$) were calculated using the CIELab and CIEDE2000 formulas, and the proposed shade guide was selected considering (1) the color differences between tabs and (2) the coverage error of each of the solutions. RESULTS. The proposed shade guide consisted of 8 gingival shade tabs and achieved CIELab and CIEDE2000 coverage errors of less than the respective 50:50% acceptability thresholds (${\Delta}E^*=4.6$ units and ${\Delta}E_{00}=4.1$). The coordinates for the various gingival shade tabs were as follows: Tab 1: $L^*43.3$, $a^*21.9$, $b^*12.3$ (1.6); Tab 2: $L^*42.9$, $a^*34.1$, $b^*19.1$; Tab 3: $L^*46.5$, $a^*25.8$, $b^*10.9$; Tab 4: $L^*46.5$, $a^*27.3$, $b^*15.1$; Tab 5: $L^*49.6$, $a^*23.5$, $b^*16.8$; Tab 6: $L^*51.5$, $a^*19.7$, $b^*13.6$; Tab 7: $L^*55.9$, $a^*22.0$, $b^*15.0$; and Tab 8: $L^*56.0$, $a^*19.9$, $b^*18.8$. CONCLUSION. The CIELab and CIEDE2000 coverage errors for the 8 shade tabs of the proposed gingival shade guide were significantly lower than those of other guides. Therefore, despite the limitations of this study, the proposed guide is more appropriate for matching gingival shade in the Spanish general population.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.175-185
• /
• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a self - applied paint - on whitening gel combined with wrap to increase the effect of a whitening gel and minimize gingival irritation. Materials and Methods: Ninety adult volunteers were randomly treated to a control group and two experimental groups using whitening gel containing 2.8% and 3.0% hydrogen peroxide for 30 persons each. They had used the wrap and whitening gel on maxillary 4 anterior teeth for 30 minutes per day during 2 weeks. Whitening tooth color response was measured by VITA shade guide and ShadeEye $NCC^{(R)}$. And side effects were assessed from interview and intraoral examination. The efficacy and safety evaluations were statistically analyzed. Results: In the evaluation with VITA shade guide, there was significantly the whitening effect in experimental groups compared with the control group. In the evaluation with ShadeEye $NCC^{(R)}$, the 3.0% experimental group showed significantly the whitening effect compared to the control group and the 2.8% experimental group (P < 0.05). There were some complaints of minor side effects, but there did not find abnormal symptoms of the gingival stimulation in all groups. Conclusion: A self - applied paint - on whitening gel combined with wrap can be used as a useful self-whitening material because the whitening effect increases as the concentration of hydrogen peroxide from 2.8% to 3.0% and also no significant side effects are observed.