• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.162-169
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• 2004

This study evaluated the marginal microleakage of five single step adhesives. Class V cavity preparations with occlusal margins in enamel and gingival margins in dentin were prepared on both buccal and lingual surfaces of extracted human molar teeth. Prepared teeth were randomly divided into five groups and restored using one of the single step adhesives and composite resins：Prompt L-Pop/Filtek Z-250 (Group 1), AQ Bond/Metafil CX (Group 2), One-Up Bond F/Palfique Toughwell (Group 3). Futurabond/Admira (Group 4), Xeno III/Spectrum TPH (Group 5). The restored teeth were thermocycled. Microleakage was assessed by dye penetration using 2% methylene blue dye solution. The teeth were bisected buccolingually and evaluated for microleakage under steromicroscope. The data were statistically analysed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney tests. The results of this study were as follows：1. Microleakage of enamel margins in group 3 was statistically higher than that in groups 1, 2, 4, 5 (p < 0.05). 2. Microleakage of dentin margins in group 1 was statistically higher than that in groups 2, 5, and that in group 3 was statistically higher than that in groups 2, 4, 5 (p < 0.05). 3. Dentin marginal microleakage was higher than enamel marginal microleakage in all experimental groups. In conclusion, Prompt L-Pop showed the least leakage at enamel margin, and AQ Bond showed at dentin margin in this study. Marginal miroleakage in dentin was higher than that in enamel.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 1997

The primary intra-osseous carcinoma (PIOC) is a very rare lesion. PIOC is an odontogenic carcinoma defined as a squamous cell carcinoma arisinig within a jaw having no initial connection with the oral mucosa, and presumably developing from residues of the odontogenic epithelium. The authors diagnosed a 51-year-old female as primary intra-osseous carcinoma after undergoing clinical, radiological and histological examinations. The characteristics were as followed : 1. The patient complained of gingival bleeding on the premolar area in the left maxilla 2. The conventional radiograms showed a relatively well-defined unilocular radiolucent lesion from the mesial aspect of the upper left canine to the mesial aspect of the upper left 1st molar. The 2nd premolar was separated from the 1st molar and the floor of the maxillary sinus was elevated by the lesion. There was a external root resorption of the upper left canine, the 1st premolar, and the 2nd premolar. 3. On the computed tomograms, the osteolytic bony lesion expanded the cortical plate of the left maxilla and displaced the margin of the left maxillary sinus upwards. But the bony lesion was separated from the maxillary sinus by a bony septum. 4. Bone scintigram with /sup 99m/Tc demonstrated the increased uptake in the left maxilla. Sonograms in the neck area and chest P-A radiogram didn't show any abnormalities. 5. Histologically, the tumor islands infiltrating into the surrounding bone increased in alveolar pattern, composed of the malignant cells, and there was a necrosis in the center of the tumor islands.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.394-402
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• 2002

2급 복합레진 수복 와동의 치은 변연이 상아질 상에 있을 때 유동성 레진 이장의 유무와 두께가 미세누출에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 본 실험을 시행하였다. 60개의 발거된 대구치의 근, 원심면에 각각 협설측 3mm, 치은벽 깊이 1mm의 2급 와동을 형성하고 치은 변연은 법랑-백아 경계에서 약 1mm 하방에 위치 시켰다. 모든 와동을 32% 인산으로 15초 처리 및 30초 수세 후 Prime & Bond$^{\circledR}$ NT 상아질 접착제를 적용하였고, Tetric Ceram(TC), Tetric Flow(TF)를 이용하여 다음의 6가지 군으로 나누어 수복하였다. (1) TC로 수평 적층 충전, (2) TC로 수직 적층 충전, (3) 0.5-1mm두께로 TF 이장 후 TC로 수평적층 충전, (4) 0.5-1mm 두께로 TF 이장 후 TC로 수직 적층 충전, (5) 2-3mm 두께로 TF 이장 후 TC로 수평적층 충전, (6) 2-3mm두께로 TF이장 후 TC로 수직 적층 충전. 충전된 시편을 37$^{\circ}C$ 100% humidity에서 24시간 보관하고 5$^{\circ}C$와 55$^{\circ}C$에서 500회의 열순환을 실시하여 치은 변연의 0.5mm 외부에 nail varnish를 도포 하여 2% methylene blue 용액에 12시간 침잠시켰다. 시편을 아크릴릭 레진에 매몰하여 수복물의 중앙에서 종절단 한 후 입체현미경하에서 색소의 침투도를 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 유동성 레진의 이장을 시행한 군과 하지 않은 군간에 미세누출은 유의차를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05) 유동성 레진의 두께에 따른 미세누출의 차이는 나타나지 않았다(p>0.05) 경사면 충전법을 시행한 군에서는 유동성 레진을 이장한 군들이 이장하지 않은 군보다 유의하게 많은 누출을 보였다(p<0.05). 수평적층 충전법을 시행한 군에서는 유동성 레진 이장이 미세누출에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05).

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.687-692
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• 2005

Delayed eruption of a maxillary incisor results in midline shift, the space occupied by adjacent teeth and different levels of alveolar height. Extraction or surgical/orthodontic therapy is the most common treatment for a impacted maxillary incisor. Surgical repositioning provides another option for treatment of this problem. The advantages of this approach include immediate esthetic improvement, use of a single and simplified surgical procedure, simple and short orthodontic therapy, a normal gingival margin and the possibility of the developing root adapting to the new position. Autotransplantation of an immature tooth provides for possible adaptation of the developing root apex to the new position. A root with an open apex has good chance of pulp revascularization after transplantation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.247-252
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• 2008

Purpose: Passive eruption is characterized by the apical shift of the dentogingival junction. As this occurs, the length of the clinical crown increases as the epithelial attachment migrates apically. Altered passive eruption occurs when the margin of gingiva is malpositioned incisally on the anatomic crown in adulthood and results in excessive gingiva. The purpose of this article is to evaluate esthetic results of crown lengthening procedure in altered passive eruption.s. Materials and Methods: Three patients who complained "My front teeth look too short" were included. Bone sounding with periodontal probe revealed that alveolar bone crest was close to CEJ. Based on the diagnostic information, a diagnosis of altered passive eruption was made. They were performed apically positioned flap procedure with osseous resection. Results: Six months later, all patients achieved favorable esthetic results and gingival margins were healthy and stable. Conclusion: When the diagnostic procedures reveal alveolar bone crest levels approximating the CEJ, apically positioned flap procedure with osseous resection is indicated.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.84-91
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• 2020

Regeneration of interdental papilla damaged by periodontal disease is a very challenging task. So far, many dentists have devised and introduced great surgical methods. Comparing the pros and cons of the methods introduced so far, I came up with the best way to regenerate interdental papilla. Temporarily creating space between narrow interdental papilla, which cannot be solved by periodontal surgery alone, was a great help for connective tissue graft(CTG). The CTG was performed using a microblade, and only one vertical incision was performed off the gingival margin, and the graft was performed by inserting the grafts through here. Along with the orthodontic treatment, the area between the narrow interdental papilla was widened to make it easier for the CTG was carried out. After a period of maintenance, I was able to gather the teeth again with orthodontic force and regenerate the interdental papilla. I named this method ELSA (Enlargement of space-Labial graft-Squeezing-for Augmentation of papilla) technique.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.91-101
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• 2021

The interdental papilla area is a difficult area for connective tissue graft (CTG) due to its narrow space. So Regeneration of interdental papilla is very challenging work. It is very difficult when the teeth have contact with adjacent teeth, but if there was only 3mm of space between the teeth, CTG was not very difficult. Therefore, through the orthodontic force, a 3mm space between the teeth was intentionally created. The CTG was performed using a microblade, and only one vertical incision was performed off the gingival margin, and the graft was performed by inserting the grafts through here. After a period of maintenance, I was able to gather the teeth again with orthodontic force and regenerate the interdental papilla. I named this technique ELSA Technique (Enlargement of space - Labial graft - Squeezing - for Augmentation of papilla). If interdental papilla is lost due to periodontal disease, ELSA techniques can regenerate interdental papilla very efficiently.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 2023

Purpose: Hyperdontia is a developmental disorder of the oral cavity. Mesiodens refers to the hyperdontia located between the maxillary central incisors. During the surgical procedure, the anesthetic method for pain control should be considered along with factors related to the surgery itself. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the impacted position of the mesiodens on the selection of sedation method and to suggest incisive foramen as a brief reference. Materials and Methods: This study included 126 patients who were scheduled for extraction of mesiodens. The selection criteria included patients with one palatally impacted inverted mesiodens accessible from the palatal gingival margin, and those with good cooperation potential in order to control for clinical information. Using cone beam computed tomography, vertical, horizontal, and palatal positional factors were measured, and the anesthetic method was determined by two examiners. The patients were grouped into vertical and horizontal groups based on the position of the incisive foramen. Data were statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test, the chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis. Result: All positional factors differed between the outpatient and inpatient anesthetic groups. The vertical minimum distance from the alveolar ridge to the mesiodens (Va) and the minimum distance from the palatal surface to the crown tip of the mesiodens (Tc) were factors affecting the choice of anesthetic method. The distribution of the vertical and horizontal positional groups differed between the outpatient and inpatient anesthetic groups. Conclusion: The incisive foramen can be used as a brief reference to determine the appropriate anesthetic method. Referral for inpatient anesthesia may be a priority if they are in the V₂H₂ group with Va ≥5 mm, and Tc ≥6 mm, and outpatient sedation may be considered if they are in the V₁H₁ group with Va ≤1.5 mm, and Tc ≤2.5 mm.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.636-644
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• 2004

Recently, self-etching adhesive system have been developed and bonding procedures simplified into one or two steps, which are simultaneously applied to both enamel and dentin. These systems are easy to use and have the potential for good clinical success. The purpose of this study is to evaluate in vitro the microleakage on the cementum/dentin and enamel walls in composite resin restoration of Class V cavities, regarding the use of different adhesive systems. 30 human premolars were divided into 3 groups. A standardized Class V preparation was prepared on the buccal and lingual surface of each premolar. The preparation were made parallel to the cementoenamel junctions, with the gingival half of the preparation extending 1mm apical to the cementoenamel junction. After adhesive system was applied to teeth as manufacture's recommendation, hybrid resin composite was filled in bulk into the preparation and light polymerized according to manufacturer's recommendations. Specimen were stored in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ for 5 days and thermocycled 1000 times ($5^{\circ}C{\pm}2^{\circ}C\;and\;55^{\circ}C{\pm}2^{\circ}C)$, then immersed in a 2% methylene blue solution for 12 hours. After sectioning mesio distally through the restorations, the degree of dye penetration was scored under a stereomicroscope at ${\times}\;25$ magnification. The data were analyzed statistically using t-test and one-way ANOVA. The results were as follows: ${\cdot}$ There is no adhesive system which can prevent microleakage perfectly. ${\cdot}$ There is significant difference in microleakage between enamel margin and dentin margin (p<0.0001). ${\cdot}$ In enamel margin, self-etching primer systems did not show any significant difference comparing total-etching system. In denin margin, self-etching primer systems did not show any significant difference comparing one-bottle adhesive system used in combination with total-etching.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.351-360
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of class V compomers according to acid etching treatment and treatment times. Extracted 180 sound human molar teeth were selected then prepared physiologic pulpal pressure far this experiment. In this study class V cavities were prepared on buccal surface with gingival margin located in 1mm superior to CEJ under simulate physiological conditions. These specimens were randomly divided into 6 groups of 30 each and restored following methods : A: Dyract AP + Prime&Bond 2.1 Group 1 : No acid etching, according to manufacturer's instruction. Group 2 : 15 seconds acid etching and same method with Group 1. Group 3 : 30 seconds acid etching and same method with Group 1. B: F2000 groups + Single Bond adhesive Group 1 : No acid etching, according to manufacturer's instruction. Group 2 : 15 seconds acid etching and same method with Group 1 Group 3 : 30 seconds acid etching and same method with Group 1. After 500 thermocycling between $5^{\circ}C\;and\;55^{\circ}C$, the specimens were sealed with glass ionomer and nail varnish then placed in 5% methylene blue dye for 5 hours and rinsed with tab water. The specimens were embedded in orthodontic clear resin, then sectioned buccolingually through the center of restoration with a low speed diamond saw. The dye penetration on each of the specimens were then observed with a stereomicroscope at $\times20$ magnification. The results of this study were statistically analyzed using the indepedent sample t-test and analysis of variance. Results were as follows, 1. In occlusal walls, microleakage were significantly reduced in acid etched group restored with Dyract AP but no statistically significance in F2000 groups. 2. In gingival walls, microleakage were significantly reduced in group 2 restored with Dyract AP, and group 2 and group 3 in F2000 groups. 3. All groups, except group 3 in Dyract AP, showed significantly less microleakage in occlusal wall than gingival wall. 4. No statistical significance were showed between group 2 and group 3 in both materials.