• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.442-446
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• 1990

As a part of studies on the quality control of crude drug-drink preparations, ginger components were identified by TLC and 6-gingerol was determined quantitatively by HPLC. Ginger components were identified by TLC with benzene/acetone (4:1, v/v, on silica gel plate by spraying a vanillinsulfuric acid reagent. 5-Gingerol contents were determined at 280 nm by HPLC on Lichro CART RP-18 column with acetonitrile/wate(38:62, v/v). Its transfer rate in the 3 types of crude drug extract drinks was 65.4-85.1% compared to the content in the ginger extract.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.226-231
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• 2017

Zingiberis Rhizoma (ZR, Zingiberaceae) is one of the foods for a long time and contains various biological activities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-platelet activities. The present study was to compare the amount of 6-gingerol in the 70% ethanol extracts of non-processed ZR and processed ZR by roasting using a high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with photodiode array detector. The 6-gingerol was separated on a Gemini $C_{18}$ analytical column ($5{\mu}m$, $4.6{\times}250mm$) using two mobile phase consisting of distilled water and acetonitrile. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and injection volume was $10{\mu}L$. In non-processed ZR sample, the amount of the 6-gingerol was 0.43% and the amount of the marker compound in processed ZR samples by roasting were 0.16-0.55%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.95.1-95
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• 2003

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Zingiberaceae) has a wide array of pharmacologic effects. Our previous studies have demonstrated that [6]-gingerol, a major pungent ingredient of ginger, inhibits mouse skin tumor promotion and anchorage-independent growth of cultured mouse epidermal cells stimulated with epidermal growth factor. In this study, we have investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying chemopreventive effects of [6]-gingerol on mouse skin carcinogenesis. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme in the formation of prostaglandins, has been recognized as a molecular target of many chemopreventive as well as anti-inflammatory agents. The murine COX-2 promoter contains several transcriptional elements, particularly those involved in regulating inflammatory processes. One of the essential transcription factors responsible for COX-2 induction is NF-kappa B. Topical application of [6]-gingerol inhibited the COX-2 expression through suppression of NF-kappa B activation in phorbol ester-treated mouse skin. [6]-Gingerol, through down-regulation of p38 MAPK, abrogated the DNA binding activity of NF-kappa B by blocking phosphorylation of p65/RelA at the Ser 536 residue. These findings suggest that [6]-gingerol exerts an anti-tumor promotional activity through inhibition of the p38 MAPK-NF-kappa B siganling cascade in mouse skin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1140-1146
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• 1997

Storage stability of ginger paste product was investigated from the standpoint of the inhibition of nonenzymatic browning and loss of gingerol contents. For the experimentations, control, 0.04% of N-acetyl-L-cysteine in ginger paste(NAcCys), and combination treatment of NAcCys, 0.92 of water activity and 6.30 of pH in ginger paste (mixed treatment) were stored at 3$0^{\circ}C$ for 40 days and analyzed for browning and gingerol contents. In addition the changes in sugars, organic acids, ascorbic acids, amino acids, and sensory quality were determined. The results revealed that the mixed treatment agent was effective in preventing both nonenzymatic browning and loss of gingerol contents. The inhibition by combination treatment might be resulted from the control of radical formations by sulfhydryl groups of NAcCys and the increase of diffusion resistance in lower water activity. Browning development and total gingerol contents were found to be correlated to some physicochemical characteristics of ginger paste; that is, browning development to amino acid and color value in sensory evaluation, and total gingerol contents to flavor in sensory evaluation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.447-451
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• 2019

6-gingerol can be converted to 6-shogaol, one of the predominant active compounds found in ginger, via processing such as drying and extraction. Subcritical water extraction is the environmentally friendly method of extraction of bioactive compounds using only purified water as a solvent. This study investigated subcritical water extraction ($190^{\circ}C$, 15 min) of 6-gingerol, and 6-shogaol from dried ginger (Zingiber officinale) including drying conditions such as temperature (room temperature, 60, $80^{\circ}C$, and freeze drying) and time duration for drying (1-4 h). The amount of 6-gingerol was found to be reduced, and that of 6-shogaol was found to be increased depending upon the water content of dried ginger. Upon oven-drying ginger at $60^{\circ}C$ for 2 h, the maximum yields of 6-gingerol ($0.18{\pm}0.02mg/g$ fresh weight), and 6-shogaol ($0.47{\pm}0.02mg/g$ fresh weight) were obtained upon subcritical water extraction.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.298-302
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• 1993

The Crude ginerol from ginger was collected to investigate the possibility of application to food products as a natural antioxidant. The antioxidant activity of gingerols according to fatty acid composi-tion of several oils, were examined by measuring peroxide value(POV). The induction period(If) of fish oil, sdybean oil, lard and palm oil was 5.0, 17.0, 38.4 and 57.6 hours respectively by measuring POV during storge at $85^{\circ}C$. The relative antioxidant effectiveness(RAE) of gingerol group was lard ; 219, soybean oil; 176, fish oil; 160 and palm oil; 146%, while the RAE of'BHT group was lard; 238, palm oil; 158, soybfan oil; 132 and fish oil; 122%.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.377-381
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• 2015

The content analysis of 6-gingerol, which is an active compound, in Zingiber spp. (Z. officinale and Z. mioga) and their commercial foods (ginger teas and powders) was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography. A reverse phase system was used, with a gradient solvent system of water and acetonitrile. The 6-gingerol content was highest in the methanol extract of Z. officinale root (17.09 mg/g extract) and ginger powder B (15.92 mg/g extract). The results demonstrated that this method was simple and reliable for the quality control of Zingiber commercial foods.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.370.3-370.3
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• 2002

On the quality control of commercial Zingiberis Rhizoma and its processed product. quantitative determination of 6-gingerol using HPLC method has been conducted. Quantitative analysis of 6-gingerol in Zingiberis Rhizoma showed average 0.359% in 14 samples collected throughout the regions of Korea. The contents of 6-gingerol in Zingiberis Rhizoma were decreased during the processing procedure(0.306%). (omitted)

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2011

In order to optimize the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) conditions of ginger oleoresin (GO), we conducted an evaluation of quality properties such as yield (%), color, volatile flavor compounds and gingerol components. The extraction yield gained by SFE increased as extraction pressure and temperature increased. The highest yield was $8.96{\pm}0.68%$ at 500 bar $65^{\circ}C$ extraction condition. The total color difference (${\Delta}E$) values decreased at high pressure. In case of the 100 bar pressure conditions, ${\Delta}E$-values increased as the temperature went up. The analysis of the 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, 6-shogaol and curcumin contents decreased at high temperature conditions of identical pressure and increased at high pressure conditions. The volatile flavor compounds were detected in zingiberene, ${\beta}$-sesquiphellandre, ${\beta}$-phellandre, ${\alpha}{\gamma}$-curcumene, 2,3-butandiol, ${\beta}$-bisabolene and so on. Also volatile component contents showed difference in each of extraction conditions.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.323-330
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• 2016

Pinellia ternata Breitenbach, the natural medicinal plant of the Araceae family, is a perennial plant originated from the East Asia, but also widely distributed in Europe and North America. Its tuber is used as traditional medicine for treatment of various diseases such as vomiting, inflammation, and traumatic injury. Pharmacological studies revealed that P. ternata possesses anticonvulsant, anti-tumor, insecticidal, and cytotoxic activities. Despite being well-known as the useful medicinal plant, there is no reliable, standardized method for origin discrimination. Ultra performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector and quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry based metabolite-profiling was applied to explore significant metabolite for origin discrimination between Korean and Chinese P. ternata. One compound was isolated from Korean P. ternata using repeated ODS column chromatography by bioactivity guided fractionation, and determined as [6]-gingerol according to the results of spectroscopic data including nuclear magnetic resonance and MS. This compound was selected as cosmeceutical biomarker by fingerprints, and it was associated to melanin inhibitory effect determining its origin authenticity. Furthermore, the calibration curve of biomarker was prepared using validated method for the comparison of content between Korean and Chinese P. ternata. This is the report to address the selection and successful validation of the discriminant metabolite for confirmation of Korean P. ternata.