• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 1982

This study was attempted to find best fitted distribution and the equations for probable maximum flow with the evaluation of parameters by the method of moment for the rat- ional design of hydraulic structures in the annual exceedance series. Six subwatersheds were selected as studying basins along Geum River basin. The results obtained through this study were analyzed and summarized as follows. 1. Fitted probability distribution was showed in the order of Three Parameter Lognorm al, Type 1 Extremal, Exponential, Pearson Type III, and Log Pearson Type I distribu- tion as the results of x$^2$ goodness of fit test. 2. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed in the order of Three Parameter Lognormal, Exp- onential' Pearson Type III, Log Pearson Type III and Type 1 Extremal distribution for the fitted probability distribution. 3. It can be concluded that Three parameter Lognormal distribution is a best fitted one among some other distributions out of respect for each both tests. An Exponential distribution was proposed as a suitable one by Chow, V.T. showeci lower fittness than that of Three Parameter Lognormal in Geum River basin. 5. Probable flood flow equations followins the return periods for each station were obt- ained by Three Parameter Lognormal distribution. 6. It is urgently essential that best fitted probability distribution should be established for the annual exceedance series in the main river systems of Korea.

• Water for future
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 1981

It was possible to synthesize the low flow frequency curves for ungauged stations of Geum river system through a correlation analysis using the morphological parameters such as basin area, bnsin relief, total stream length of first-order stream and the 7-day, 10-year low flow.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.51-61
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• 2007

In natural river, river-bed change is greatly influenced by the various factors such as river improvement, change of watershed land use, construction of dam and reservoir, gravel mining, and so on. The knowledge about river-bed change in the river is essential in the river modification, wetlands plan, and maintaining stable alluvial rivers. In this study, river-bed change in the future was predicted by investigating river channel characteristics which play dominant role in the formation of channel and based on the numerical model through river survey and the grain size analysis. The Proposed investigation and model was applied to the Geum river and the Miho stream which have been experienced river degradation due to river aggregate dredging and now seams to be stable. The result of potential river-bed change which was estimated by investigating channel characteristic including slope of channel, friction velocity, and so on is similar to that which was estimated based on the numerical model. It was found that the Geum river and the Miho stream will be stable. In the future, if considering the characteristics of river channel which is estimated by the river-bed scour, sediment, and so on, it is possible that river improvement and wetland restoration plan are established stably and naturally.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.547-554
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• 2012

As a national river remediation project has been completed, this study has a special interest on the capabilities to predict water levels at various points of the Geum River. To be endowed with intelligent forecasting capabilities, the author formulate the neuro-genetic algorithm associated with the short-term water level prediction model. The results show that neuro-genetic algorithm has considerable potentials to be practically used for water level forecasting, revealing that (1) model optimization can be obtained easily and systematically, and (2) validity in predicting one- or two-day ahead water levels can be fully proved at various points.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.141-145
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• 1979

Phytoplanktons and environmental conditions in the Geum River near Gongju were investigated at three stations in July, 1979. Fifty eight kinds of hytoplanktons were identified and of these, Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta in this area appeared more in the number of species than that in the Han River. The number of species of Chlorophyta was double or more at station 2 and station 3 which were situated near Gongju than at station 1, upperstream of Gongju and the number of species of phytoplankton was also higher at station 2 and station 3 than at station 1. In physicochemcial conditons, water temperature at all of three stations was lower than air temperature and pH might have no significance among these three stations. All of these three stations were characterized as the slower flowing water type of downstream in diatom river community.

• Water for future
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 1982

In recent years owing to extensive land reclamation, increased river engineering activites and morer intense flood plain use, river geomorphology has attracted considerable attention. One of outstanding problems has been maintenance of river meanders and nearly all natural river exhibit the tendency to meander. Often the meander geometry was fitted in to various idealized model. COnsequently, both the selection of data and the methods to determine the geometric parameters were highly subject to individual preferences. This study applied statistical analysis in tipifying their shape and analysised meander characteristics by channel model of line generalization algorithm. This method is applied to Geum river system. The results show that the variance of curvature is a better index to describe the meander intensity and the kurtosis is a good index to characterize the total length of the straight sections for a given reach. The results also show that channel model of line generalization algorithm is a good model in analysis of meander characterisitics.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.43-51
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• 2008

This study is to evaluate the NPP (Net Primary Production) distribution in the Geum River basin from NOAA/AVHRR satellite imagery data. It is supposed that the natural vegetation condition and the NPP has the linear relationship. The NPP from natural vegetation increases proportional to the annual net radiation (Rn), where radiative dryness index (RDI) is a proportional constant connecting net radiation to NPP. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is used for monitoring vegetation change, and iNDVI (integrated NDVI) for annual analysis. The iNDVI has a close relation to Rn and NPP, which can be used effectively for estimating NPP distribution of where the meteorological data is unavailable. The purpose of this study is to propose a simple method to get NPP in the Geum river basin.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 2012

We investigated the effect of the Geum river Estuary Barrage, on the migration and spawning of the Chinese mitten crab from May 2007 to January 2009. The larvae were caught on May in the lower reachs of the estuary barrage, but the juveniles were not collected in the upper reaches of the estuary barrage. Adult crabs arrived at the Geum river estuary for spawning in early September, and spawned between March and April. Therefor if there are corridors which let the juveniles move to the upper stream, the crab population might be restored to the former state that they grow up to adults in the freshwater, and could be migrated easily to marine habitat for spawning.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.930-940
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• 2013

We evaluated contamination with organic matter and trace metals by analyzing grain size, ignition loss (IL), chemical oxygen demand (COD), acid volatile sulfide (AVS), and trace metals (Al, Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr, Mn, Hg, and As) in surface sediments at 28 stations around the Geum River estuary in July 2008. The surface sediments in the estuary were mainly composed of coarse sediment (sand and muddy sand), with mean grain size (Mz) ranging between $2-4{\O}$. The high concentrations of IL, COD, and trace metals were mainly found at stations in front of the Gusan outer port and industrial complex, and near the Seocheon coast with relatively fine sediments. In addition, the concentrations of IL and all trace metals, except Pb and As, showed good positive correlations with Mz, indicating that the concentrations of organic matter and trace metals were mainly dependent on sediment grain size. The concentrations of COD, AVS, and trace metals in most sediments did not exceed the sediment quality guideline (SQGs). Although the sediments in the study region are not polluted with organic matter and trace metals, there are many point sources of pollutants, such as Gusan port and industrial complex, Janghang refinery, and a thermoelectric power plant around the Geum River estuary. Thus, the management of coastal environments through periodic monitoring of organic matter and trace metals is required in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.161-168
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• 2007

The main aim of this work is focus on the Geum river water quality evaluation of pollution data obtained by monitoring measurement during the period 2001-2005. The complex data matrix 19 (entire monitoring stations)*13 (parameters), 60 (month)*13 (parameters) and 20 (season)*13 (parameters) were treated with different multivariate techniques such as factor analysis/principal component analysis (FA/PCA). FA/PCA identified two factor (19*13) classified pollutant Loading factor (BOD, COD, pH, Cond, T-N, T-P, $NH_3$-N, $NO_3$-N, $PO_4$-P, Chl-a), seasonal factor (water temp, SS) and three Factor (60*13, 20*13) classified pollutant Loading factor (BOD, COD, Cond, T-N, T-P, $NH_3$-N, $NO_3$-N, $PO_4$-P), seasonal factor (water temp, SS) and metabolic factor (Chl-a, pH). Loadings of pollutant factor is potent influence main factor in the Geum river which is explained by loadings of pollutant factor at whole sampling stations (71.16%), month (52.75%) and season (56.57%) of main water quality stations. Result of this study is that pollutant loading factor is affected at Gongju 1, 2, Buyeo 1, 2, Gangkyeong, Yeongi stations by entire stations and entire month (Gongju 1, Cheongwon stations), April, May, July and August (buyeo 1) by month. Also the pollutant Loading factor is season gives an influence in winter (Gongju 1, buyeo 1) from main sampling stations, but Cheongwon characteristic is non-seasonal influenced. This study presents necessity and usefulness of multivariate statistic techniques for evaluation and interpretation of large complex data set with a view to get better information data effective management of water sources.