• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2003년도 제10차 국제학술회의 및 추계정기 학술발표회
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• pp.43-43
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• 2003

Multiple regression equations (Rehman et al. 2000) have been developed to predict the salinity tolerance of Acacia seeds, expressed as the I$\sub$50/ (the concentration of NaCl required to reduce final germination to 50% of the control value in DW). Accurate predictions can be made using one or more chemical and biological seed parameters. In this study the theoretical effect of varying final germination percentage in distilled water, germination rate in distilled water. (Rate), Ca$\^$2+/ or K$\^$+/ contents and their ratios, as independent factors or related factors, on the predicted salinity tolerance (I$\sub$50/) of Acacia species was investigated. Simulation of the effects of changing final germination, rate, calcium and potassium suggest the possibility of practical application of these results to modify the salinity tolerance of seeds. The predicted I$\sub$50/ increased with increasing final germination. Similarly, the higher the rate of germination, the higher the predicted salt tolerance of Acacia species. The Ca$\^$2+/ content of seeds was found to be positively correlated with I$\sub$50/. Species with higher Ca$\^$2+/ contents had a higher I$\sub$50/. This suggests that I$\sub$50/ might be increased by increasing the Ca$\^$2+/ contents of seeds by pretreatment with calcium salts or by supplying these to the mother plants.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.541-549
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• 2011

This experiment was held to identify the germination feature of Papaver radicatum var. pseudoradicatum which has high economical value. Seeds were collected in the Mt. Changbai in China. To eliminate dormancy of the seeds, chilling treatment were carried out in the $5^{\circ}C$ refrigerator. 30 days, 60 days, 90 days, 120 days of chilling treatments were taken. After being Treated, seeds were under 15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$ of temperature and light, dark conditions respectively to see the differences in germination. Within many features, germination ratio of seeds and germination period were investigated. Also, features related to early growth were checked through the closer look into acrospire, growth of cotyledon of young plant. Over 30 days of chilling treatment was all effective. Especially, 120 days of chilling treatment was most effective. The seeds germinated well in the light conditions. 120 days of chilling treatment, $15^{\circ}C$, light conditions were found to be most effective conditions as 54.5% of the seeds germinated. The germination period was 4.29 days. 30 days after germinating, length of the aerial part had been 1.90 cm. But after 45 days, the length grew rapidly to 4.58 cm. Fresh weight of scales plant was also increased dramatically after 45 days. Therefore, transporting the plant 45 days after seeding judged to be good.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2004

The film coated snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds with five different coating materials treated with 3% increase in seed weight were planted at sandy loam soil controlled moisture content of 18, 19, 20 and 21 %. The oxygen diffusion rate (ODR) was calculated from the different moisture content soil. The number of normal seedlings, seedling vigor, and seedling capability in field (seed vigor x dry matter weight) were observed at 9 days after planting and compared to the changes of ODR. The germination rate and ODR were sharply decreased simultaneously in the seeds planted at 21 % soil moisture content. Seedling emergence did not occur at all as the soil moisture content increased above 22 %. Hence this value should be considered as the threshold of soil moisture content for seedling emergence. An ODR value under 20% did not influence the percent emergence significantly. The certain difference observing in the emergence at the same ODR was not related clearly to the condition of soil. So it can be assumed that the limit of soil moisture content for the emergence of snap bean was approximately 20%. The value of 18% soil moisture content may be considered as the optimum for snap bean emergence. There was close relationship between the mean value of ODR in different soil moisture contents and the emergence. The germination rates of the seeds coated with the different materials were quite different when the seeds were planted at 21 % soil moisture. Dry weight of the seedlings from film coated seeds was decreased slightly, but the germination rates were not much different from the non-treated control under relatively higher soil moisture content (21 %). Major factor lowering emergence rate was oxygen stress while film coating act as a minor constraint for snap bean sown in excess soil moisture condition.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.775-780
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• 2011

한국산 벼의 발아 전과 후의 부위별 및 추출용매별 항산화성분 및 활성변화를 살펴보았다. 발아 전과 후의 벼를 왕겨, 현미 및 싹으로 분리하고 각각 열수 및 70% 에탄올을 이용하여 추출하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 현미 물추출물에서 발아 전 1.67에서 발아 후 5.84 mg/g으로 증가하였으며, DPPH 라디칼소거능은 벼 에탄올추출물에서 발아 전 22.95 %에서 발아 후 31.32%로 증가하였지만 왕겨와 현미 부분에서는 발아 후 감소하였다. 총 항산화력은 에탄올추출물에서 발아 전과 후에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나 싹 부분에서는 4.41 mg AA eq/g으로 높게 나타났다. 환원력은 에탄올 추출물 현미에서 발아 전 0.32에서 발아 후 0.45로 증가하였다. ACE 저해활성은 왕겨에서 가장 높았으며 발아 후 증가하였다. 본 연구결과 발아 시 항산화활성이 증가하는 원인에 대한 추후 연구가 필요하다 판단된다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2007

Storage rough rice in low temperature using the winter cold air avoids rough rice temperature increase which happens from early May, and this is possible by installing a cooling system in the top of a bin, the room between top rice level and bin ceiling. The research objective is to establish low temperature rough rice storage technique, furnishing winter cold air to rough rice, by investigating the cooling system potential of maintaining low rough rice temperature and by analyzing rough rice storage characteristics over a storage period. The rough rice storage characteristics were evaluated from January to August 2003, using a storage and dry bin of 400-ton capacity. Results of this research are as follows: Cooling bin using the cooling system in the top of the bin maintained the rice temperature less than 15$^{\circ}C$ in entire portions in August. Moisture contents and germination rates of rough rice were decreased over the storage period, on the other hand, the rough rice stored in the ambient temperature bin had relatively lower moisture contents and germination rates to compare with the bin using winter cold air. Crack ratio and acid value of brown rice in the ambient temperature bin storage had increased more than the cooling bin storage. The result indicates that the storage bin using winter cold air and the cooling system maintains moisture content and germination of rice, minimizes cracked kernel and acid value, and preserves rice quality as well.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.347-356
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• 2018

Chionanthus retusus is a small deciduous tree that is widely used in landscaping due to its beautiful white spring flowers and ornamental value. Conventional propagation through seeds requires one to two years of breaking dormancy. The objective of this study was to determine the conditions of in vitro germination in C. retusus. In vitro embryo culture was carried out to investigate the effects of six factors: basal media (McCown Woody Plant Medium (WPM) and Murashige and Skoog (MS)); plant growth regulators (different combinations and concentrations of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA), and gibberellic acid ($GA_3$)); embryo age (collected weekly beginning 36 days after fruit setting); low temperature pretreatment (storing $4^{\circ}C$ for 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks); coconut additives (100, 200, and $300ml{\cdot}L^{-1}$); and genotype (grouping plants depending on their flowering nature). The basal medium used in this study was WPM with $2mg{\cdot}L^{-1-1}\;GA_3$, $20g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ sucrose, and $6g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ Agar. WPM medium mixed with $GA_3$, resulted in higher germination rate as compared to when using a combination of auxin and cytokinin. $GA_3$ at $2mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ was the most effective of all combinations and concentrations of PGRs. WPM medium with $2mg{\cdot}L^{-1}GA_3$ resulted in better and faster germination (75.93%). Embryos collected at 57 days after fruit setting had the highest percent of germinated seeds (87.04%) while low-temperature pretreatment of fruits at $4^{\circ}C$ for two weeks produced the highest germination (95.37%). These results of this study could be an open ground for development of an efficient protocol for commercial production of the ornamental tree.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.373-381
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• 2017

The main objective of this study was to increase the germination percentage of kenaf seeds with less number of times under non-saline and saline conditions. Therefore, the first goal was to assess the response of kenaf seeds to NaCl. The second goal was to evaluate the effects of $KNO_3$ on kenaf seed germination. The germination percentage exhibited a decreasing tendency in germination rate. Plant dry weight was approximately 0.2 g in all treatments at 5 days after germination. As time passed, the electrical conductivity (EC) value of hydro-priming (HP) consistently increased by 8.7 mS/cm at 24 hours of immersion. However, seeds primed with $KNO_3$ showed no difference in EC values even as times passed. Regarding the priming effect, priming in 100 mM $KNO_3$ concentration for 12 hours increased germination up to 85% in $H_20$ solution and in 0 mM $KNO_3$ concentration upto 73.8% under 0.3% NaCl solution, compared to that of Control. Germination synchronization, shoot length, and leaf unfolding of primed seeds were greater than those of the Control. In addition, main root and hair roots appeared more rapidly in the treated seeds and were more abundant compared to that of the Control. The T50 (times to reach 50% of the final germination percentage) of the Control in both $H_20$ and 0.3% NaCl solutions was 18 and 22 hours, respectively. However, when treated $KNO_3$ priming (0 to 100 mM) in $H_20$ and 0.3% NaCl solution, 9 hours was sufficient to reach T50. Primed (hydro-priming and $KNO_3$) seeds had a lower MDG (mean days untill germination; 0.6-0.62) compared to that of the Control (1.13-1.31) in $H_20$ and 0.3% NaCl solutions. Regarding dry weight of plants after priming, an increasing tendency after the priming treatment in the H20 solution was observed. Furthermore, no significant difference in plant dry weight under 0.3% NaCl stress was observed between the Control and primed seeds. Taken together, the results suggest that 50-100 mM $KNO_3$ priming for 24 hours optimize seed germination rate in less number of times of exposure with great vigor. Therefore, it is recommended for kenaf seed invigoration before planting.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2001

산불이 곰솔림 하층식생의 구조와 쌀새(Melica onoei)의 종자발아에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 수관화 지소에서 당년에 출현한 종 수는 38종으로 비산화지소의 20종에 비해 현저히 증가되었다 우점종은 쌀새, 참억새, 땅비싸리, 싸리 순이었으며, 이들의 실생과 기존의 그루터기에서 나온 새순이 많이 관찰되었다. 산화 당년에 수관화 지역의 하층식생 지상부 생물량은 299.8g/㎡로 비산화지의 3배 이상이었으며, 이듬해 9월에는 하층식생의 지상부 생물량이 537.2 g/㎡로 전년도에 비해 약 1.8배 증가하였고, 비산화지소에 비해 5.8배 높았다. 이중 쌀새가 차지하는 비율은 전체의 25.7%로 가장 높았다. 쌀새의 종자발아율은 대조구가 92%이 었으며, 암처리구(D)는 86%로 대조구와 1% 수준에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 솔잎(L)과 솔잎 추출물(E) 처리구의 발아율은 각각 45.5%, 39%로 낮았으며, 대조구와 0.5%수준에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. L+E, D+L+E 처리구의 발아율은 각각 10.5%와 4.0%로 대조구와 모두 0.1% 수준에서 유의하였다. 본 수관화 지소에서 쌀새의 우점도가 증가하는 것은 쌀새의 발아를 억제하던 타감효과 물질이 산불에 의해 제거되었고 동시에 광 조건이 개선되었기 때문인 것으로 판단된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.206-213
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• 2015

선식은 웰빙식, 건강식으로 아시아인들에게는 인기있는 식품이지만 외국인들에게는 생소한 식품이다. 이에 본 연구는 외국인들의 선호도를 높이기 위하여 선식을 스무디 형태로 제조하고, 그의 특성을 연구하였다. 효소활성을 지니는 선식 제조를 위해서 흑미와 현미는 발아시켜 사용하였는데, 실온에서 24시간 침지시킨 후, 24시간 $30^{\circ}C$에서 발아시켰다. 알파아밀라아제 효소역가는 발아 전후로 약 13~15배 증가하였다. 현미는 발아 전 9.16 CU/g에서 152.63 CU/g로 증가하였고, 흑미는 7.47 CU/g에서 97.96 CU/g으로 증가하였다. 또한 발아현미분말을 엿기름으로 당화시킨 후, 토마토 30 g과 미강 1.5 g을 첨가하여 유산균을 배양하였다. 이때의 최고균체농도가 $1.1{\times}10^9CFU/ml$ 이었고, 이를 동결건조하여 선식에 첨가하였다. 선식음료제조 후 농도가 $1.3{\times}10^5CFU/ml$로 요구르트 스무디 제조를 위한 스타터 농도로 충분하였다. 이를 이용하여 배양한다면, 선식 요구르트 스무디를 제조가 가능하다. 관능평가결과, 선식 음료의 최적 조건으로는 우유 200 ml에 선식 30 g를 혼합한 것을 가장 선호하였다. 이때의 색도는 L 값 : $63.50{\pm}0.41$, a 값 : $-0.35{\pm}0.06$, b 값 : $8.85{\pm}0.19$로 나타났고, 점도는 $5.97{\pm}1.2$ centipoise 이었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.917-923
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 발아기간 및 부위별 벼 추출물에 대한 다양한 효소활성 저해효과를 조사하였다. 발아기간은 6일까지로 하였고, 발아된 벼는 왕겨+싹 부위와 현미로 나누어 80% ethanol로 환류 추출하였다. ${\alpha}$-Glucosidase 저해활성은 왕겨+싹 추출물에서 발아 전 26.32%에서 발아 5일차 39.38%로 증가하였으며, ${\alpha}$-amylase 저해활성은 왕겨+싹 추출물에서 발아 전 59.98%에서 발아 5일차 75.32%로 증가하였고, DPP-4 저해활성 또한 왕겨+싹 추출물에서 발아 전 38.80%에서 발아 5일차 47.77%로 증가하여 발아에 의해 효소활성 저해가 증가하였다. ACE 저해활성은 왕겨+싹 추출물에서 가장 높았으며 발아에 의해 증가하였다. Xanthine oxidase 저해활성은 발아가 진행됨에 따라 감소하였다. Lipase 저해활성은 발아 4일차 왕겨+싹 추출물이 36.78%로 무발아 31.72%에 비하여 증가하였다. 본 연구결과 벼를 발아시킬 경우 왕겨+싹에서 성인병 관료 효소를 억제하는 성분이 증가함을 알 수 있었으며, 추후에 어떠한 성분에 의한 것인지에 대한 연구가 수행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.