• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.55-58
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• 2000

Germination of sweet and super sweet corn is lower than normal corn due to the higher sugar and lower starch contents of kernels. Sweet corn seeds are easily deteriorated in the field under the unfavorable condition, therefore it is important to identify the optimal harvesting time for seed production. This trial was conducted to investigate the responses of germination percentage of shrunken-2(sh2), brittle(bt), sugary(su), and sugary enhancer(se) hybrids in relation to harvesting dates. Eight hybrids of four different gene sweet corns were harvested at 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 days after silking(DAS). Germination test was performed using paper towel method. Mean germination percentages across eight hybrids showed the highest value at 45 DAS. There were significant differences among genes and within gene for germination. Shrunken-2 hybrid Mecca was higher than su hybrids for germination, indicating that sh2 would not be poorer than su Late harvesting beyond the optimal harvesting date might not be desirable because of more lodging and ear rots. Theoretical optimal harvesting date estimated from the regression equation was 40.9 DAS, however, practical date for harvesting would be a few days later than the estimated date if seedling vigor might be considered. Kernel dry weight per ear showed similar response to germination. Regression equation showed the highest kernel dry weight at 40.7 DAS. Significant correlations between kernel dry weight and germination were observed, impling that kernel dry matter accumulation would be an important factor for germination.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2011

The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of soaking time (6, 12 and 24 hr) and steeping temperature (25, 30 and $35^{\circ}C$) on germination time, germination percentage and weight loss of wheat and barley. Changes in chemical composition (such as protein, fat, and ash), reducing sugar content, enzyme activity and pasting profile and GABA ($\gamma$-animobutyric acid) content of germinated wheat and barley were also evaluated. The results clearly suggest that the short soaking time and lower steeping temperature significantly decreased germination time and weight loss, while germination percentage increased. Regarding the chemical composition, the protein content of wheat and barley was slightly increased after germination but there was no significant difference in content of crude fat and ash of both germinated cereals. The reducing sugar content of both germinated cereals decreased as the steeping temperature increased from $25^{\circ}C$ to $35^{\circ}C$. Increasing soaking time and steeping temperature led to increased amylase activity, and also corresponded to reduced paste viscosity. The highest GABA content that occurred with soaking times of 6 and 12 hr and a steeping temperature of $35^{\circ}C$ was 1,467.74 and 1,474.70 ${\mu}g/g$ for germinated wheat and 2,108.13 and 1,691.85 ${\mu}g/g$ for germinated barley. This study indicated that the optimum germination process for wheat and barley is a low steeping temperature and a short soaking time.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.256-262
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• 2022

The timing of seed harvesting is an important decision in the management of seed orchards because it affects seed quality and yield. To investigate the effect of cone harvest time on seed quality and determine the optimal harvesting time, cones were regularly collected in seven times and germination tests were performed at each harvest time in two clonal seed orchards of Chamaecyparis obtusa. As cones developed, the percentage of seed germination increased before cone moisture content began to decrease significantly. The moisture contents of cones were highest at the first collection as 68.3% and 67.3% in Jeju and Gochang seed orchards respectively. At this time, germination speed was slowest, indicating poor seed vigour. The highest germination was found at the second stage in Jeju (36.5%) and at the seventh stage in Gochang (28.6%) seed orchard. The germination speed increased as cone moisture content decreased. Additionally, changes of seed vigour differed among the developmental stages in both seed orchards. Consequently, the optimal cone harvest time of C. obtusa seed orchards in Jeju was early September when high germination percentage was obtained. In Gochang seed orchards, late October was optimal cone harvest time when the germination speed was fast and the cone moisture content decreased.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 1990

Germination and vegetative growth of Enteromorpha multiramosa Bliding from Pyoson, Cheju Island were investigated in laboratory under various combinations of temperature (5-$25^{\circ}C$) and salinity (8-48$^{\circ}C$). Percent level of germination was relatively high at all combinations of the two factors. The highest value among the combinations was revealed at 15$^{\circ}C$ and 32$\textperthousand$. Dry weight also was fairly high at all levels of combination with maximum value at 2$0^{\circ}C$ and 32$\textperthousand$. Analysis of variance for germination and growth was completed respectively and polynomial prediction models were constructed. F ratio revealed that all factors had a significant effect (p<0.001) on percentage of germination and dry weight, and their interactions also were significant (p<0.001), although the F ratio of interactions was far less than that for either the separate effect of temperature or salinity. Response surface of polynomial equation represented that temperature influenced less than salinity on germination, while it effected remarkably on vegetative growth, so the Enteromorpha multiramosa was kept to visible macrothalli from winter to spring in Cheju Island.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.121-128
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• 1990

Germination of Italian ryegrass and sorghum were measured at a range of temperatures and with PEG treatment at several different levels of concentration and treatment period to evaluate the effects of osmoconditioning with polyethylene glycol(PEG-8000). The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Cumulative germination percentage of intact Italian ryegrass seeds did not show much difference among temperatures, while that of sorghum seeds decreased markedly at low temperature. 2. Italian ryegrass seeds osmoconditioned with 20% PEG solution for two days at 10^{\circ}C.$ accelerated germination at 10^{\circ}C.$, with injurious effect of osmoconditioning at higher temperature for many days. 3. Osmoconditioning with 20% PEG solution for two or four days at 10^{\circ}C.$ increased germination of sorghum seeds, while the seeds treated at higher temperatures for long period suppressed germination.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.901-905
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• 2014

The efficacy of ozone micro-bubble water (OMBW) in reducing microbial populations on alfalfa seeds was investigated in this study. We observed the surface of alfalfa seeds using microscopy and found that many cracks and crevices existing on the surface could harbor pathogens. Alfalfa seeds were treated with tap water (TW), micro-bubble water (MBW), ozone water (OW), ozone micro-bubble water (OMBW), and chlorine water (CL) for 5 min, and total microbial population, E. coli and Salmonella spp. colonies were determined. Also, the sterilized seeds were germinated and cultivated for 5 d after sowing to investigate the percentage of germination and the growth of alfalfa sprouts. The treatments with OMBW and CL were most effective in reducing total microbial populations and E. coli was eliminated by OW, OMBW, and CL treatments. CL treatment reduced the percentage of germination and fresh weight of alfalfa sprouts, but OMBW did not cause any negative effects on the germination and growth of alfalfa sprouts. These results indicate that OMBW can be used as an effective sanitizer for eliminating seed-borne pathogens without detrimental effects on seed viability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.12-19
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the draft data for the habitat environment and massive propagation method of Miscanthus changii, which is classified as rare species. The in-site analysis of the native soil give a indication of pH 5.24~5.48, electric conductivity (EC)0.03~0.02 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, organic matter (OM) 1.13~1.15%, Ca 3.4 $mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, K 0.25 $mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, Mg 0.53 $mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, N 0.23%, P 2.15 $mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ showed low and 0.33~9.12 $cmol{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ CEC. Growth and tiller number in rhizome propagation of Miscanthus changii showed that horticulture media (perlite 1+vermiculate 1+peat moss 1) is the most suitable soil to habitat. As for seed propagation, germination percentage is 0% (0/20) at first seeding, 2% (1/50) at second seeding and 2.1% (6/280) at third seeding. The average germination percentage was below 2%. This is the reason why Miscanthus changi disappear at habitat of poor soil environment and low germination. We gained 61 plants that 60 rhizome propagation and 1 by seed propagation, renatural to habitat.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.267-273
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• 2020

Diospyros mespiliformis is a highly valued and threatened tree species within the Sahelo-Sudanian zone of Africa, but its seed germination requirements under cultivation are not well researched. In a first experiment which aimed at determining germination response of seeds to dehydration, fresh seeds were dried at room temperature for 26 days during which their moisture content, their germinability, and their viability were monitored at two-day intervals. In the second experiment, 14 pre-germination treatments were tested for their effect on the germination of dried seeds. Results showed that fresh seeds had 52.7% moisture and achieved 97.7% germination. As seeds were dried, percentage germination gradually decreased with decreasing moisture content and reached 0% when moisture content had dropped to 18%. Meanwhile, seed viability remained at 100% over drying duration. Seeds that were not germinated after air dry also recorded 100% viability. The most effective treatment for inducing germination of dried seeds was scarification using 98% sulfuric acid for 30 min which resulted in 96.6% germination. This study reports for the first time in D. mespiliformis seeds a desiccation-induced dormancy which can be efficiently alleviated by acid scarification. This study provides useful information that will contribute to efficient management of D. mespiliformis seed resources for propagation.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.352-357
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• 2011

Rose seed shows low germination percentages (about 20%) because it has a high amount of substances that inhibit germination in the pericarp. We investigated the effect of orientation of achene, the day after pollination (DAP), and cold storage with or without half-cut in achene for the germination percentage in R. rugosa. Germination percentages of intact or half-cut achenes were investigated in a 16-hour photoperiod at $25^{\circ}C$ room on basal MS medium for two weeks. In germination percentage, maximum 100% was measured within one week when half-cut achenes were cultured on an orientation that the embryos facing to the light. Half-cut achenes at 90 DAP were germinated 100% regardless of cold storage. Various LED lights (red, blue, yellow, green, and white) were illuminated over the half-cut achenes to gain the effect of light color. Germination percentage of R. rugosa seeds under blue LED reached the greatest with 90% within one week of culture and these seedlings were the best with a steady growth rate. It is concluded that half-cut achenes would be an effective method to improve seed germination in R. rugosa without stratification or scarification. This system could be applied to breeding studies in rose cultivars.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of Italian ryegrass cultivars for salt tolerance under in vitro condition. Italian ryegrass cultivars such as Greenfarm, Florida80, Kowinearly, and Hwasan101 were tested for their tolerance to various sodium chloride levels (0, 50, 150, 250, and 350 mM). The seed germination, growth, and activities of antioxidant enzymes were investigated under salt treatment. Physiological traits such as seed germination percentage, germination period, shoot and root length, and dry weight were suppressed under entire salt stress conditions. The results indicated that the highest germination percentage and shoot and root length were recorded at normal conditions. Increased sodium chloride levels caused a significant reduction in the seed germination and growth rate. Among the four tested cultivars, Italian ryegrass 'Hwasan101' could be considered as salt tolerant owing to its higher germination percentage, better seedling growth and antioxidant activities under salinity stress, whereas Greenfarm cultivar was more sensitive. The selection of Italian ryegrass cultivars for greater tolerance to saline environment would allow greater productivity from large saline lands.