• Journal of Life Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 1995

Cockroach antigen have been known as a cause of allergic disease. German ockroach(Blattella germanica L.) was chosen because it has the highest distribution range and poulation density. To identify the common and specific antigens of adult and larval stage of german cockroach, we made monoclonal antibodies which were confirmen by SDS-PAGE and EITB. Anti-B. germanica antibody producing hybridomas were 24 among the total 960wells. Only 4 hybridomas did not have cross reaction to other species of cockroach and hluse dust mites(Dermatophagodies farinae and D. pteronyssius). SDS-PAGE revealed about 20 bands from 90Kd to 15Kd to 15Kd. ETB showed specific antigens a6 60, 72 and 82Kd which were experimented by the culture supernatant of 4 selected hybridomas. Especially 60Kd coincided with a band of immunized mouse sera.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.7-7
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• 1995

Cockroach antigen have been known as a cause of allergic disease. German ockroach(Blattella germanica L.) was chosen because it has the highest distribution range and poulation density. To identify the common and specific antigens of adult and larval stage of german cockroach, we made monoclonal antibodies which were confirmen by SDS-PAGE and EITB. Anti-B. germanica antibody producing hybridomas were 24 among the total 960wells. Only 4 hybridomas did not have cross reaction to other species of cockroach and hluse dust mites(Dermatophagodies farinae and D. pteronyssius). SDS-PAGE revealed about 20 bands from 90Kd to 15Kd to 15Kd. ETB showed specific antigens a6 60, 72 and 82Kd which were experimented by the culture supernatant of 4 selected hybridomas. Especially 60Kd coincided with a band of immunized mouse sera.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 1993

Experiments were conducted to study effects of different bioassay methods on toxicity to the German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) ith six insecticides. For male adults, by dry film method, the {TEX}$LC_{50}${/TEX} value of chlorpyrifos. fenvalerate, propoxur, permethin, DDVP, and hydramethylnon was 1.79, 1.87, 3.04, 4.37, 32.72, and 270.81 ppm, respectively and the same tendency was shown in the female. For male adults, by topical micro-application method, the {TEX}$LD_{50}${/TEX} value of DDVP and fenvalerate, chlorpyrifls, permethrin, propoxur, hydramethylnon was 2.63, 3.79, 4.51, 6.73, 44.99 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g, respectively and the same tendency was shown in the female. From the diet toxicity method against male adults, the CT value (Concentration%$\times${TEX}$LT_{50}${/TEX}) showed that chlorpyrifos was rapid effective and hydramethylnon was residual effective.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.129-133
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• 1993

The German cockroach (Blattella germanical L.) populations were successively selected with chlorpyrifos and permethrin for xis generations. The resulting resistant strains, $R_{chlorpyrifos}$(Rc) and $R_{permethrin}$(Rp) were observed resistant development and the cross-resistance. The result indicated that the values of $LC_{50}$ were increased 3.32 and 2.10 times from the susceptible strain, respectively. In the Rc strains, the values of the $LC_{50}$ of fenvalerate, propoxur, permethrin were to 3.89, 2.97, and 1.31 times higher than that of the suseptible, respectively. In the Rp strains, the values of the $LC_{50}$ of fenvalerate, chlorpyrifos, and propoxur showed 5.23, 1.42, and 1.80 times cross-resistance.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.265-270
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• 1993

The German cockroach(Blattelia germanica) population~ were successIVely selected with ch\orpyrifos and permethrin during the six generations. The resulting resistant $R_{chtorpenfos}$(Rc) and $R_{permethnn}$(Rp) stra.ins were studied to investigate the esterase activity by spectrophotometer, filter parper test, and electrophoresis. Esterase-$\alpha$ activities by filter paper test showed 2.65 and LBZ times higher in the Rc and Rp strains than the susceptible strain, respectively. ln the spectrophoLometer method, the esterase activit18s to $\alpha$-and $\beta$-naphthyl acetate were increased 2.34 and 5.28 times in the Rc than susceptible strain, and 1.48 and 2.92 times in the Rp Limn susceptible stram, respectlvely. Zymogram patterns of eslerase isozyme by agarose gel electrophoresis showed totally five bands. The Rc and Rp strains showed two additive bands as, Est-2 and Est-3, which were not shown in the susceptible strain. but the Rp strain dId not show Est-5 bands which was COlumon in the Rc and susceptible strams.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Entomolohy Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.17-17
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• 2000

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.270-276
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• 1997

Bait formulations containing 50% micro-capsuled fenitrothion, 2.0% hydramethylnon or 0.8% chlorpyrifos were evaluated in an 8 week field experiment against German cockroach, Blattella germanica(L). In German cockroach infested 15 restaurants, micro-capsuled fenitrothion (avg. 82.8%) was more effective at reducing adult German cockroach populations than chlorpyrifos (avg. 68.4%), but was about equally as effective as hydramethylnon(avg. 86.1%). The baits of micro-capsuled fenitrothion (avg. 76.5%), hydramethylnon (avg. 82.8%) and chlorpyrifos (avg. 74.9%) almost equally reduced nymphal German cockroach populations in the field. Most baits remained in the bait stations at the heavily infested restaurants after the 8 week treatments. However, the contents of hydramethylnon baits had been subject to significantly greatest consumption (0.72g) and the remaining bait was on the average of 57% by German cockroaches. It was assumed that the previous phenomenon of extra consumption of bait was explained by the infesting cockroaches continuously taking these baits because of the mode of action, the bait food material and the population densities of German cockroaches.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.299-310
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• 1997

A mutant, or(orange body), and the KNIH(Korea National Institute of Health) strain of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica(L.) (Orthoptera: Blattellidae), were observed continuously in semi-natural conditions through video taping and data processing by computers. Male adults were individually observed for 4-5 days in a rectangular-shaped rearing cage with four different microhabitats, allowing observations of behavior such as resting, feeding, drinking and communicating with other individuals. The frequencies of visits to and times spent within harborage were determined. Although there were relatively large variations among individuals, the average stays withing harborage ranged from 47-61% of the total observation time. The duration of within-harborage time was significantly different between maternal origins, while not distinctively different between the strains. Diel differences were observed in body strains. The time spent within harborage was longer in photophase than in scotophase. visiting frequency, which represented local activity around harborage, appeared slightly higher in the or strain than in the KNIH strain, and was significant in the or strain while it was not significant in the KNIH strain. Although there were variations among individuals, similar temporal patterns in some progenies from the same maternal origins were observed in time spent within harborage and in visiting frequency.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.74-80
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• 1994

The german cockroach, Blattello germanica L, populations were successively selected with dlchlowos for 11 generations. The resulting selected shin was investigated the resistance development. the cross resistance and the esterase actim@. In the dichlowos-selected(Rd) strain, the values of LCs increased 858 times more compared to the susceptible (S) strain. In the dich!o~vos-selected (Rd) strains, the cross-res~stance to chlorpyrifos, propoxur, fenvalerate and pemethnn showed 3.35. 4.09. 283 and 2.00 times. Esterase.activity of the Rd strain showed 1.33 times higher than that of the S strain in the filter paper test. In comparison of zymogram paitems of the estemse isoryme by thin agarose gel electrophoresis against the german cockroach, the S strain was separated by 4 bands uf esterase 3, 5, 6 and 8 bands and the Rd strain was separated by 6 bands of esterase 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 and 8 bands, and the resistant mechanisms of the Rd strain were considered as the 4 bands of esterase-1.2.4 and 7 bands except the common 2 bands of esterase.6 and 8 bands.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.44-59
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• 1985

The epithelium of the hindgut in the german cockroach, Blattella germanica Linne, was observed with electron microscope. The epithelium of the ileum, which is located at the anterior hindgut, is composed of a single layer of squamous and cuboidal cells. The liminal surface of the epithelium is lined with the cuticular intima. The epithelial cells contain cell organelles expected to be found in absorptive cells, and some epithelial cells have numerous lamelated crystals, the "spherites". The rectal epithelium of posterior hindgut is composed of rectal pads which are covered with cuticular intima on the luminal side. The rectal pads are composed of columnar absorptive cells and basal cells. The apical plasma membrane of columnar cell is made of microvilli, where mitochondria associated with some of the microvilli. The lateral plasma membrane is highly infolded and space is an uniform width of approximately 200$\\AA$. Well developed mitochondria are found closely associated with the infoldings and this is referred to as the "mitochondrial-scalariform complex". A septate junction is found near the apical zone between the columnar absorptive cells, whereas many desmosomes and intercellular spaces are formed between the columnar cells. Basal cells are bowl-shaped where the convex surface is inlaid into the basal surface of the columnar cells while the concave surface faces the basal lamina. The cytoplasm of the basal cell is electron dense and contains well developed cell organelles. The basal sheath is located between the basal membrane and basal lamina, providing barrier between the epithelium and the hemolymph. The epithelium is surrounded by the subepithelial space and muscles. The subepithelial space, which is composed of fibrous connective tissue, is innervated by many tracheoles and axons.