• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.252-254
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• 2003

A 18-month-old, 35.3 kg, intact male Cerman shepherd dog with a history of non-weight bearing lameness in the right hindlimb was referred to Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University. On physical examination, pain response was elicited. Laboratory abnormalities were not present. Radiographic examination revealed areas of increased opacity in the medullary cavity and accentuation of trabecular patterns of the affected bone. This dog was treated with analgesics and lameness was resolved without pain.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.109-113
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• 2007

This study was performed to find out how the training for overcoming the fear of and adapting to unfamiliar environments and noises, such as exposures at different levels to noises of a helicopter, affected German Shepherd dogs' characteristics to a specific condition. One hundred and nine German Shepherd dogs were tested in this study. There were no significant differences between genders, tasks, experiences boarding a helicopter, tempers and lengths of time spent with the handler in fearful scores. The dogs at different ages showed significant differences in their fearful scores at the time of the arrival of the helicopter(p<0.001) and approaching to it(p<0.01). In conclusion in the cases of the German Shepherd dogs, there's a need to re-examine the existing training methods for overcoming the fear of and adapting to unfamiliar materials and noises.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.87-92
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• 1996

A hemangiosarcoma in a 30 kg, 6-year-old German Shepherd dog showing signs of abdominal distension, anorexia and depression was diagnosed with clinicopathologic examination, abdominal radiographs and ultrasonographic assessmint. In abdominal radiographs, overall abdominal distension was seen. Stomach and some parts of small intestines were deviated caudo-ventrally by enlarged liver. The splenomegaly was also identified and descending colon was dislocated laterally by splenic mass. In ultrasonographic findings, abdominal fluid was identified. Hepatomegaly was seen and it was consisted of multiple, anechoic cysts. The spleen was enlarged and a large round mass with mixed echo pattern at the mid to tail portion of spleen was identified. Grossly, at necropsy, multi-sized cysts in which contained blood and fibrpus materials and some blood were seen in the cross section and it showed hard consistency. Also, lots of small red tumor nodules were dispersed on the serosal surface of the bladder, omentum, mesentery, diaphragm and peritoneum. In abdominal paracentesis, fluid having almost the same properties as circulating blood was identified. The hemoperitoneum was thought to be resulted from the bleeding into peritoneum owing to the rupture of cystic lesions located on the superficial liver area.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.247-251
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• 2000

A male German Shepherd dog, $2{\frac{1}{2}}$years of age, was admitted with sudden anemia, weakness, hyperpyrexia, anorexia and lethargy. The patient showed hypoplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, absolute and relative lymphocytosis, absolute and relative granulocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, slight hepatic disorder, slight azotemia, hematuria and proteinuria by the screening examination. The bone marrow aspiration smear showed high cellularity, severs infiltration of lymphoblasts and prolymphocytes, and mitotic figures of lymphoid cells. The liver aspiration smear demonstrated infiltration of lymphoblasts. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia was diagnosed as none of the superficial lymph nodes showed enlargement and marked functional disorder of important organs other than the liver was not found. The patient was treated with vincristine, cyclophophamide, predniosolone for chemotherapy and blood transfusion and either ampicillin or cefoperazone for supportive treatment. But the patient did not show marked remission and died 9 days after the start of the chemptherapy. The necropsy was not permitted.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2002

This study was performed to compare the individual characteristics of the vocalization and behavior in the adult female German Shepherd in military service. In this study, a stranger and an other strange dog approached their kennel. Their body postures included ears forward and up, slowly wagged tails, lips raised, mouth open and teeth exposed. It was Interesting that their vocalizations were only the bark without any combination of other vocalizations. There were significant differences between duration of call(DC), pitch(P), Fl formant, F2 formant, F3 formant and F4 formant(p<0.05) except interval between call(IBC) and intensity(I) among their barks. It was suggested that the differences between same breed dogs'barks could be recognized and the data of spectrogram, especially formant contour, could be used to discriminate the sender characteristics. The body postures could also be used to understand their mind.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.329-333
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• 2006

A 9-month-old neutered male German Shepherd dog was referred with the primary complaint of episodic collapse. Apparent abnormal findings were not observed in physical examination, routine biochemistry, and diagnostic imaging studies. In the 12-lead surface ECG after collapse, the dog showed frequent ventricular premature contractions (VPCs) with torsade de pointes. The frequency of VPCs was reduced after lidocaine infusion. Based on the history, findings in event recordings oi the ECG and lidocaine response test, the dog was diagnosed as inherited malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Although the dog was initially responded to oral sotalol therapy, the dog was died suddenly. This report described the first case of malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmia of German Sheperd in Korea.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.264-268
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• 2007

Three German Shepherd dogs (5 years old, 30 kg, male; 4 years old, 23 kg, female; 4 years old, 24 kg, female) with history of acute vomiting, hemorrhagic diarrhea, anorexia and dullness were admitted to veterinary clinic in the military working dogs training corp (MWDTC). All of them showed same symptoms after ingestion the $'PREVNTIC^{(R)}'$ collar to control ecto-parasites infection in field. One dog was operated by gastrotomy and the $5{\sim}6$ pieces of the $'PREVNTIC^{(R)}'$ collar were removed. The dog was completely cured by intensive care within 2 hours after $'PREVNTIC^{(R)}'$ collar ingestion. However, two dogs were operated by gastrotomy and intensive care over 24 hours after $'PREVNTIC^{(R)}'$ collar ingestion but died. In autopsy, the $5{\sim}6$ pieces of hard materials were found in the stomach, and severe thickness, congestion hemorrhage and swelling of the stomach walls and mucous membrane were observed. In these cases, it was suggested that the first aid of treatment such as gastrotomy within two hours after $'PREVNTIC^{(R)}'$ collar ingestion as soon as possible was helpful for attenuating of toxicosis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1102-1106
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• 2009

The Tibetan Mastiff is one of the most archaic, ferocious and the largest dogs in the world. The Kunming dog is the chief working-dog breed in China. In this study, ten microsatellite loci were used to assess the genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships in six dog breeds, including Tibetan Mastiff, Kunming dog, Belgian Malinois, Labrador Retriever, English Springer Spaniel, and German Shepherd. The highest genetic diversity was exhibited by the Tibetan Mastiff, indicating useful protection and little inbreeding in the modern Tibetan Mastiff. Higher genetic diversity was observed in European breeds, supporting the hypotheses that breeders outcross their pure breed dogs occasionally to avoid deleterious effects in Europe. Evolutionary relationships showed that English Springer Spaniel and Labrador Retriever were clustered together, then with the Tibetan Mastiff, consistent with previous cluster results. German Shepherd and Kunming dog were grouped together, coinciding with the breeding history of Kunming dog. It is the first time that Tibetan Mastiff and Kunming dog have been analyzed with microsatellites.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2024

A 3-year-old, 20.6 kg, neutered male German Shepherd dog was referred to Kyungpook National University Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital. Clinical examination revealed chronic diarrhea for 6 weeks and a non-tender, distended abdomen without lethargy, anorexia, and vomiting. Diarrhea was watery and had a waxing and waning course despite symptomatic treatment. A complete blood count identified mild leukocytosis and mild anemia. Serum biochemistry analysis showed elevated alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, and mild hypoalbuminemia. Abdominal ultrasound examination revealed mixed echogenicity with absent blood flow at the caudate process of the caudate liver lobe and a small amount of ascites. Computed tomography revealed torsion of the caudate process of the caudate liver lobe and spleen and gas dilatation of the intestine. After establishing a diagnosis of organ torsion on imaging, we deemed the condition an emergency and immediately performed surgery. Given that laparotomy confirmed organ torsion, liver lobectomy, total splenectomy, and prophylactic gastropexy were conducted. The patient was discharged 11 days after surgery without complications. In general, liver lobe torsion and splenic torsion are uncommon in dogs and present with nonspecific clinical signs, such as abdominal pain, lethargy, anorexia, and vomiting. In the current case, torsion of the caudate liver lobe and spleen occurred without other clinical signs except for a distended abdomen. Moreover, no reports in dogs have demonstrated the simultaneous occurrence of both diseases.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2024

A 4-year-old, spayed female German Shepherd dog (GSD) weighing 22.4 kg was referred to Chungnam National University Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital with the chief complaint of a cardiac murmur. A continuous murmur was detected at the left basilar region upon auscultation. In the thoracic radiographs, slight bulging of the aorta, the main pulmonary artery, and the left atrium were observed. Echocardiography revealed continuous turbulent flow directed from the main pulmonary artery towards the pulmonary valve and consistently within the main pulmonary artery. Based on all the results, a diagnosis of type II A patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was made, and plans were established to treat it with transcatheter occlusion. Transcatheter occlusion was performed using a vascular plug and successfully deployed at the PDA. The patient did not exhibit any complications. GSDs are relatively less common compared to small-breed dogs in South Korea. Considering that GSDs are predisposed to PDA, it is crucial to periodically assess the presence of PDA through auscultation and echocardiography, even in the absence of clinical signs. Transcatheter occlusion using a vascular plug can be an option for treatment and can yield favorable outcomes.