• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.122-132
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• 1995

Teratoma contains elements derived from all three embryonic germ layers and mature teratomas are entirely composed of mature differentiated tissues, while immature types always contain additional embryonic tissues of variable degree of immaturity, especially neuroepithelial elements. Twenty cases of teratoma in infancy and childhood were reviewed and the clinical features and pathologic findings including PCNA expression were studied. Sacrococcygeal teratomas were the most common type(45%), followed by retroperitoneal and ovarian teratomas. There was a predilection of females in a ratio of 4:1 and age distribution was most prevalent below the first year of age(45%). But in ovarian teratomas, the age at diagnosis was above 4 years of age in all cases. Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels were checked in 18 cases. In all mature teratomas and 1 of 5 immature teratomas, the levels were normal. But in 4 of 5 immature teratomas, the serum levels were elevated and progressively declined to normal range after mass excision. Radiologically, calcifications in tumor were found in 60.0% of teratomas and was higher in mature teratomas(69.2%) than immature teratomas(42.9%). Immunohistochemical staining for PCNA(proliferating cell nuclear antigen) was done in 16 cases and PCNA expression was higher in grade III immature teratomas than grade I and II. The operative modes were complete mass excisions. Five immature teratomas were treated with multiagent PEB(Bleomycin, Etoposide, Cisplatin) adjuvant chemotherapy, 3 tolerated well without significant complications, but in one case, severe bone marrow suppression was developed and died of sepsis. In conclusion, grade III immature teratoma showed higher PCNA expression than mature or lower grade immature teratoma, which suggests that chemotherapy after surgical excision may be effective modality for grade III immature teratoma. We think, however, multicenter study is necessary because of low incidence of immature teratoma.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.327-341
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• 1995

유도된 3배체 미꾸라지, Misgurnus mizolepis를 재료로 생식소 발달을 조사하여 2배체와 비교하였다. 난소 외부 형태는 융합된 하나의 낭상으로 복강을 향해 horseshoe shape으로 발달하며 짧은 수란관을 통해 비뇨생식공(urogenital pore)으로 개구되는 구조였다. 3배체 난소는 얇은 나뭇잎 모양으로 2배체에 비해 작고, 미발달되었으며, 정소는 2배체보다 다소 작지만, 외형상 2배체와 유사하였다. 난소 발달 및 난자형성과정은 2배체에서 부화 후 100일에 성숙 난소 및 성숙 난모세포가 출현하는 비교적 빠른 발달을 보인 반면, 3배체에서는 부화후 9개월까지 제1차 성장기의 난모세포가 나타났을 뿐 더 이상 발달하지 않았다. 다만, 조사된 1마리의 5년산 3배체에서는 난소내 성숙 난모세포들이 관찰되었다. 비록 정소발달 및 정자형성과정은 3배체 수컷 역시 2배체와 동일하게 진행되었지만 3배체가 2배체에 비해 각 단계별 발달 시기는 지연되었고, 생식세포 핵의 크기는 크게 나타났다.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2018

Purpose: Abdominoperineal solid tumors presenting in neonates often require surgical intervention during the neonatal period. Although we report our single-center experience, this study would be meaningful to understand the clinical implications of these neoplasms. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the clinical data and characteristics of 22 patients (${\leq}28$ days old) diagnosed with histopathologically confirmed abdominoperineal solid neoplasms (benign or malignant) after surgical resection. Results: The mean gestational age and postnatal age at the time of operation were $38.3{\pm}1.8weeks$ and $13.5{\pm}8.3days$, respectively. Most patients (18/22, 81.8%) were diagnosed during antenatal care visits; however, 4 (18.2%) were identified after birth. The mean tumor size was $6.4{\times}5.3cm$ (3.5-17.0 cm), and tumors occurred most frequently within the sacrococcygeal region (8/22, 36.4%). Histopathologically, 14 patients (63.6%) demonstrated benign tumors and 8 (36.4%) demonstrated malignant tumors. Germ cell tumors and hepatoblastomas were the most commonly observed tumors. Fortunately, all patients showed a localized pattern of tumor involvement without distant metastasis. No recurrence or mortality was observed during the follow-up period (mean $66.4{\pm}44.2months$). Conclusion: Abdominoperineal solid tumors occurring in neonates show variable clinical patterns during the antenatal and postnatal monitoring/screening periods. We conclude that aggressive and multidisciplinary approaches could achieve good clinical results in these patients.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.309-313
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• 2011

SOHLH2 is a novel germ cell-specific transcription factor that is crucial for folliculogenesis in the ovary and spermatogenesis in the testis. SOHLH2 represents a candidate gene for infertility with premature ovarian failure. We analyzed whether mutations in the SOHLH2 gene in 98 Korean women with premature ovarian failure. The sequence analysis identified six novel SNPs (c.431-41G>C, c.656A>T, c.1000+27C>T, c.1000+33G>T, c1258-106G>A, and c.2094+ 11T>C) from Korean patients with premature ovarian failure. The c.656A>T found in exon 7 results in change of an amino acid, tyrosine to phenylalanine. Functional mutations in SOHLH2 gene are rare in Korean women with premature ovarian failure.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.297-305
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• 2017

An experiment was conducted to investigate the annual reproductive cycle of a Korean endemic species, Acheilognathus majusculus, from Jeokseong-myeon located in Seomjin River. The reproductive cycle is examined histologically regarding water temperature and day length of the habitat, the gonadosomatic index (GSI), the female ovipositor length index (OLI), monthly variation in egg diameter distribution, and developmental characteristics of female and male gonads. The maximum GSI was found in $19.21{\pm}2.32$ and $6.90{\pm}0.53$ for female and male respectively when water temperature ($14^{\circ}C$) and day length (11.1hr) began to rise. On the other hand, the minimum level was reached during August ($1.87{\pm}0.67$ for female and $0.88{\pm}0.50$ for male). No samples represent with measurable ovipositor between September and November, while the longest ovipositor length index was in April ($79.68{\pm}4.69%$). We compared and calculated the stages of testis and ovary development process in order to determine the germ cell development characteristics and the reproductive cycle. According to the result, we classified the female Acheilognathus majusculus reproductive cycle into four stages: Ripe (April) and spawning phase (May to June), degenerative phase (July), growing phase (August to December), and mature phase (January to March). The annual reproductive cycle of male Acheilognathus majusculus was categorized into five stages viz. Ripe and spawning phase (May to June), degenerative phase (July to August), resting phase (September to November), growing phase (December to February), and mature phase (March to April).

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.243-247
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• 1994

최근 의약적으로 유용한 단백질을 대량 생산키 위한 실현 가능한 방법이 유전자변환 가축의 이용과 관련되어 발전되어 왔다. 이러한 유전자 변환동물은 이종의 단백질을 유즙속으로 분비시키는 생체반응기로서 이용되고 있다. 이러한 전략적 목적을 위해 현재 유전자 변환동물의 생산을 위한 이용에 있어 여러 가지 방법들이 보고되고 있다. 그러나 ES 세포의 사용이 이러한 방법들 사이에서 가장 실질적인 것으로 추정되고 있다. 본 실험에서는 유전자 구축을 위해 사람 황체 호르몬(human luteinizing hormone; hLH)의 전사를 유도하기 위해 각각 2.2 및 0.5 kb의 토끼 $\beta$-casein pronoter 단편을 이용하여 생쥐의 유선에 hLH를 발현시키도록 조절하고 발현이 thynidine kinase(TK) pronoter에 의해 좌우되는 neo 유전자를 selectable marker로서 plasnid속에 삽입하였다. 그 결과 생긴 구축 유전자는 각각 pCas 2.2와 pCas 0.5로 명명하였다. 구축된 유전자로 2$\times$107의 TT-2 ES세포를 170V, 550$\mu$F로 100$\mu$g의 선상 plasmid에 의해 electroporation 시켰다. 감염된 colony들은 250$\mu$g/$m\ell$ G418을 함유하는 ESM 배양액에서 선별 7일 이후에 회수하여 성공적으로 감염된 ES세포는 PCR 및 Southern blot에 의해 확인되었고 그들 중 나머지는 trypsin 처리 후 각각 미세조작과 공배양 기술을 사용하여 ICR 생쥐의 8세포기 수정란 속에 도입하였다. 결국 24시간 동안 37$^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$에서 배양된 배반포를 chimera의 생산을 위해 위임신 유기된 G418 선발처리 이후 400 및 275개의 ES 세포 colony가 생존하였으며, 3개의 ES 세포으 colony 의 genome 속에 임의적으로 plamid가 삽입된 것을 Southern blot에 의해 확인되었다. 총 13 chimera 생쥐가 3 colony로부터 생산되었으나 germ-line chimera는 현재 조사중이다. chimera 생산빈도는 공배양 기술보다 주입방법에서 현저히 높았다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.311-316
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• 2010

Spermatid differentiations during spermiogenesis and mature sperm ultrastructure in male Crassostrea nipponica were investigated by transmission electron microscope observations. The morphology of the spermatozoon of this species has a primitive type and is similar to those of other bivalves. Mature spermatozoa consist of broad, cap-shaped acrosomal vesicle and an axial rod in subacrosomal materials on an oval nucleus showing deeply invaginated anteriorly, two triplet substructure centrioles surrounded by four spherical mitochondria, and satelite fibres, which appear near the distal centriole. The acrosomal vesicle of spermatozoa of C. nipponica resemble to those of other investigated ostreids. Especially, two transverse bands (stripes) appear at the anterior region of the acrosomal vesicle, unlikely 2-3 transverse bands (stripes) in C. gigas. It is assumed that differences in this acrosomal substructure are associated with the inability of fertilization between the genus Crassostrea and other genus species in Ostreidae. Therefore, we can use sperm morphology in the resolution of taxonomic relationships within the Ostreidea. The sperm is approximately $48-50{\mu}m$ in length including an oval sperm nucleus (about $1.0{\mu}m$ in length and $1.41{\mu}m$ in width), an acrosome (about $0.48{\mu}m$ in length and 0.30 in width) and tail flagellum ($46-48{\mu}m$). The axoneme of the sperm tail flagellum consists of nine pairs of microtubules at the periphery and a pair at the center. The axoneme of the sperm tail shows a 9 + 2 structure. These morphological charateristics of acrosomal vesicle belong to the family Ostreidae in the subclass Pteriomorphia.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.215-222
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• 2000

은어, plecoglossus altivelis의 생리학적 성전환을 위한 기초적인 연구로 성분화 과정을 조직학적으로 조사하였다. 부화 후 2일째 (평균전장 : 0.66 cm)에 중신관과 장 사이의 장간막에 원시생식세포가 나타났으며, 부화 후 30일째(평균전장:1.29 cm)의 초기 생식소는 genital ridge를 형성하는 원시 생식소 구조를 나타내었다. 부화 후 90-100일째 (평균전장:3.42 cm~4.50 cm)의 생식소는 암, 수로 분화가 이루어졌다. 정소는 부화 후 90일째 (평균전장:3.42 cm) 많은 정원세포들이 분포하고 정소 소관 (efferent duct, ED)이 관찰되었으며, 난소에서는 난소를 특징지을 수 있는 parovarian sac의 구조가 난소 가장자리로부터 나타났다. 부화 후 110일째 정소에서는 정소 소관의 수와 정원세포의 수가 점점 증가하였다. 부화 후 100일째 (평균전장: 4.5 cm) 난소에서는 난소를 특징지을 수 있는 parovarian sac이 형성되기 시작하였고, 부화 후 120일째 (평균전장:5.45 cm) 난소에서는 난소 소염의 형성 및 분리와 함께 난모세포가 소엽 내에 가득 차기 시작하여 기능적 난소의 형태로 분화하였다. 이상의 결과 본 종은 초기 성분화 과정에 자성 단계를 거치지 않고 정소와 난소로 분화되는 분화형 자웅이체였다.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2006년도 제23차 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.43-58
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• 2006

As a bioreactor, bird has proved to be most efficient system for producing useful therapeutic proteins. More than half of the egg white protein content derives from the ovalbumin gene with four other proteins(lysozyme, ovomucoid, ovomucin and conalbumin) present at levels of 50 milligrams or greater. And the naturally sterile egg also contains egg white protein at high concentration allowing for a long shelf life of recombinant protein without loss in activity. In spite of these advantages, transgenic procedures for the bird have lagged far behind because of its complex process of fertilized egg and developmental differences. Recently, a system to transplant mouse testis cells from a fertile donor male to the seminiferous tubules of an infertile recipient male has been developed. Spermatogenesis is generated from transplanted cells, and recipients are capable of transmitting the donor haplotype to progeny. After transplantation, primitive donor spermatogonia migrate to the basement membrane of recipient seminiferous tubules and begin proliferating. Eventually, these cells establish stable colonies with a characteristic appearance, which expands and produces differentiating germ cells, including mature spermatozoa. Thus, the transplanted cells self-renew and produce progeny that differentiate into fully functional spermatozoa. In this study, to develop an alternative system of germline chimera production that operates via the testes rather than through developing embryos, the spermatogonial stem cell techniques were applied. This system consisted of isolation and in vitro-culture of chicken testicular cells, transfer of in vitro-maintained cells into heterologous testes, production of germline chimeras and confirmation of germline transmission for evaluating production of heterologous, functional spermatozoa.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1267-1274
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• 2004

Colostrum contains various kinds of cytokines including TGF-$\beta$ that has potent regulatory effects on cells of the immune system. We compared the levels of TGF-$\beta$1 and TGF-$\beta$2 in bovine and human colostrum. Based on the isoform-specific ELISA, bovine colostrum collected on day 1 post-delivery retained $53.71{\pm}29.55\;ng/ml$ of TGF-$\beta$1 and $40.41{\pm}21.78\;{\mu}g/ml$ of TGF-$\beta$2 (n=4), while in human, $381.45{\pm}158.24\;ng/ml$ of TGF-$\beta$1 and $41.47{\pm}9.63\;ng/ml$ of TGF-$\beta$2 (n=5). Thus, dominant TGF-$\beta$ isoforms were completely opposite between human and bovine colostrum samples. The concentrations of both isoforms declined as lactation proceeded. Biological activities of the colostrum samples were determined using an MV1LU cell line. Consistent with the result from the immunoassay, TGF-$\beta$1 in human and TGF-$\beta$2 in bovine colostrum were responsible for the anti proliferative activity against MV1LU cells. Furthermore, bovine colostrum increased IgA secretion by LPS-stimulated mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells, and this effect was abrogated by either anti­TGF-$\beta$2 antibody or combined anti-TGF-$\beta$1/$\beta$2 antibody, but not by anti- TGF-$\beta$1 antibody alone. Similarly, TGF-$\beta$2 in bovine colostrum enhanced the Ig germ line (GL) promoter activity, which is the earliest event toward IgA isotype switching. Taken together, these results suggest that TGF-$\beta$ isoforms, differentially expressed in human and bovine colostrum, may promote IgA isotype production in the neonatal intestine.