• 한국작물학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 1996

필리핀은 화산지대에 위치해 있으며 44개 화산중 13개가 활화산으로 되어있는 상태이다. 전기발전을 위해 지하에 있는 고온의 온천수를 이용하고 있으며 그 후 시냇가에 방류한다. 이 온천수에는 독성이 강한 물질들이 많이 함유되어 있어 관개수로 이용하였을 경우 농작물에 지대한 악영향을 주고 있는 실정이다. 본 실험에서는 온천수를 이용하여 벼품종의 발아, 유묘생장유관속발달에 미치는 영향을 구명하여 작물 재배관리를 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 수해하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 온천수내에는 황, 칼리, 나트륨, 및 붕소 함량이 관개수에 비해 현저하게 높았다. 2. 최종발아율, 발아소요일수 및 발아속도는 온천수의 처리에 의해 크게 감소하였으며, 필리핀재래종인 Binato품종은 IR58 및 운봉7호보다 높은 발아율을 보였다. 3. 초장, 근장, 엽수 및 총건물중은 온천수의 농도가 증가될수록 뚜렷하게 감소하였다. Binato와 IR58품종은 처리 후 15일, 25% 온천수 농도에서 운봉 7호보다 건물중이 다소 높았다. 4. 유묘기 엽신의 유관속발달은 무처리에 비하여 온천수는 50%까지 농도를 높일수록 유관속수 및 크기 등 발달을 저하시켰다. 5. 온천수 처리에 따른 엽의 손상도는 농도가 높아질수수록 크게 나타났으며, Bitano와 IR58호는 운봉 7호보다 온천수에 대한 손상도가 작아서 다소 강한 것으로 판단되었다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.178-184
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• 2022

Renewable energy sources based on solar radiation, wind energy, geothermal energy, and biomass energy have now reached the level of industrial application. A new way to generate electricity using low-potential heat is to install a hydro-steam turbine. In hydro-steam turbines, hot water is supplied directly to turbine rotor nozzles without prior separation into steam and water in separators, which significantly increases the efficiency of hot water energy use. Such turbines are suggested to be used as autonomous energy sources in geothermal heating systems, heating water boilers and cooling systems of chemical reactors, metallurgical furnaces, etc. The authors conclude that the installation of hydro-steam turbines in heating plants and process boiler plants can also be effective if the used exhaust steam-water mixture at the turbine outlet is used to heat the network water or as return water.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2008

400RT geothermal system which is the biggest capacity among on-operations at present in Korea is measured and evaluated on 23rd${\sim}$26th Jan. 2008 during those days building is not allowed owners and/or tenants to move in. The geothermal system is consist with vertical-typed 112 geothermal heat exchangers which are installed circle-like 1 row with 4m interval, and has 16 units of 25USRT geothermal-source heat pump(GSHP)s. And each 5 units of circulation pump are running for geothermal heat exchangers and hot water supplies. The followings are the results. The temperatures at G.L. -70m of 2 boreholes are varied quite similarly. The average temperature difference between inlet and outlet of geothermal pipes is $4.1^{\circ}C$, and that of hot water supply is $3.2^{\circ}C$, of Zone 3's each 4 GSHPs when being operated. Despite temperature fluctuations by heating loads, the average temperature difference between main pipes of inlet and outlet of geothermal heat exchangers is measured as $4.1^{\circ}C$. This study propose "Geothermal System COP" which includes not only consumed electric power by compressor but also circulation pumps and auxiliary utilities. By comparing the geothermal system COP with GSHP's performance specification, it is clear that the performances of GHSPs of this site are satisfied with the specification.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2016

This study have an objective to suggest basic data and measured result of heating performance on water-water type horizontal geothermal heat pump which is based on heating and cooling load calculation result of small residential house. The average temperature during measured periods is $9.4^{\circ}C$ on primary EWT and is $7.6^{\circ}C$ on primary LWT. The temperature difference shows $1.8^{\circ}C$ as average temperature. Because the average outdoor temperature of peak is lager than on December and than on January, the temperature difference between EWT and LWT is bigger that on January than that on December. The system COP is 3.62.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.451-454
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• 2006

Fiber optic distributed temperature sensing and thermal line sensor are applied in an observation borehole and a loom deep borehole heat exchanger. For the case of permanently installed system fiber optic DTS is very useful. By comparing with TLS, fiber optic DTS shows good accuracy and reliability. Ground water flow can give influences at heat exchange rate of the heat pump system. According to the hydraulic characteristics and temperature-depth profile, we consider that temperature-depth profile do not seem to be dependent on ground water flow. A permanent installation of fiber optic cable is expected as a reliable temperature measurement technique in a borehole heat exchanger system.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2021

In this study, combined heat source heat pump system was implemented with 4 single heat source heat pumps each applied with a geothermal source and a water source. Five cases (Case1~Case5) were configured to conduct a performance comparison and analysis of the combined heat source heat pump system. First of all, as a result of analyzing the heat source, the case when 4 ground heat sources were applied (Case1) showed a uniform EST(Entering Source Temperature) distribution throughout the year since it is less affected by outside air compared to the case when 4 water heat sources were applied (Case5). In both winter and summer, the ground heat source maintained higher EST than the water heat source. Therefore, the system with high ratio of geothermal sources is advantageous for heating, and with high ratio of water heat sources is advantageous for cooling.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.20-30
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• 2006

코아검층, 양수시험 전후의 온도와 전기전도도 검층, 섬도별 지열수의 수질분석, 양수시험시 지열수의 수질변화 관측 을 통하여 포항 흥해지역 심부지열수 ($42.2-47.9^{\circ}C$) 의 수리지화학적 특성을 고찰하였다. 연구지역의 지하지질은 파쇄 정도가 심한 해성 기원의 퇴적암류로 구성되어 있으며, 지열수의 수질은 굴진심도, 해안으로부터의 거리, 양수시간에 따라 달라짐을 보였다. .4 차례의 양수시험시 수온, 전기전도도 변화를 볼 때, 연구지역 지열수의 주 대수층은 심도 540-900 m까지의 유문암에 발달된 파쇄대로 판단된다. 연구지역 지열수의 Na 와 $HCO_3$ 함량이 높은 것은 탄산염과 규산염의 용해가 활발한 내륙쪽에서 유입되는 심부 지하수의 기여 때문으로 판단된다. 연구지역 지열수는 높은 총고용물질, Na, Cl 함량으로 보아 해수의 영향을 많이 받았으나, Na:Cl 몰비가 $0.88{\sim}2.14$ 로 해수의 0.84 보다 높으며, Br:Cl 함량비도 $21.0{\sim}24.9{\times}10^{-4}$ 으로 해수의 $34.7{\times}10^{-4}$ 에서 벗어나고 있어서 물-암석반응에 의해서도 영향을 받았음을 지시한다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.389-401
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• 2007

2001년부터 2004년까지 유성 소유역내 강수, 지하수, 지열수의 산소 및 수소 동위원소 조성 변화를 검토하였다. 1975년부터 2006년까지의 강수 패턴을 분석한 결과, 연구지역은 $6{\sim}7$년의 가뭄 주기성을 보였다. 2001년도 가뭄 시기부터 2004년까지 4년간 강수의 산소 수소 동위원소 조성은 점차 무거운 성분으로 변화해가는 양상을 보였다. 연구 지역에서 4년간의 강수량을 고려한 동위원소의 가중 평균간을 구해 보면 ${\delta}^{18}O=-7.7%o,\;{\delta}D=-51%o$로서, 동일 기간 내의 지하수와 지열수의 동위원소보다 무거운 조성 범위를 보였다. 이는 연구 지역의 지수 및 지열수가 동위원소적 관점에서 2-3년 이내의 강수에 의해 큰 영향을 받지 않는 것을 의미한다. 기존 자료들을 검토해 볼 때, 연구지역에서의 지하수와 지열수는 1990년과 1992년이 가장 무거운 동위원소 조성을 보였으며 이후로는 산소 및 수소 동위원소 조성이 점차 가벼워지는 쪽으로 변화해가는 양상을 보였다.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.1353-1357
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• 2008

A sea water source cascade heat pump was designed and tested in this study. The system was designed to perform a single stage operation in summer, as well as a cascade operation in winter to ensure the high temperature lift. A steady-state simulation model was developed to analyze and optimize its performance. The simulation results show that the R717 exhibits best performance among combinations considered in this study. A R410A also exhibits the highest performance among HFCs with the smallest compressor displacement. A 15-RT R410A-R134a pilot system was installed in the 5-story commercial building at Samcheok City by the East Sea. A scroll type R410A compressor, a reciprocating type R134a compressor, plate type condenser/ evaporator/ cascade heat exchanger and two electronic expansion valves were used to build a pilot. A titanium plate type heat exchanger is also used for the heat exchanging with a sea water. The heat source/sink water is supplied from the well below the seashore in the depth of 5 m. In the initial test of the system, supply water temperature was rising up to $67^{\circ}C$ using a sea water heat source of $9^{\circ}C$, while an ambient temperature was $4.5^{\circ}C$.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2011

The objectives of this study are to analyze the performance of a heat pump system with the various heat source and to carry out economic assessment for the heat pump system. The COP of the river water and ground source heat pump system was 20% higher than that of the air source heat pump system because river water and geothermal provide stable operating temperature compared with air temperature throughout the year. In addition, the economic assessment of a heat pump system using air, river water, and geothermal as a heat source was carried out. The ratio of the life cycle operating cost to the life cycle cost increased with the increase of building capacity. The payback period was found to be less than 3.3 and 4.5 years, respectively when the capacity of the river water and ground source heat pump was larger than 10 RT.