• Title/Summary/Keyword: Geometric Data

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Estimation of water quality distribution in freshing reservoir by satellite images

  • Torii, Kiyoshi;You, Jenn-Ming;Chiba, Satoshi;Cheng, Ke-Sheng
    • Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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    • 2003.11a
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    • pp.1227-1229
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    • 2003
  • Kojima Lake in Okayama prefecture is a freshing reservoir constructed adjacent to the oldest reclaimed land in Japan. This lake has a serious water quality problem because two urban rivers are flowing into it. In the present study, unsupervised classification was performed at intervals of several years using Landsat MSS data in the past 15 years. After geometric correction of these data, MSS data corresponding geographically to the field observation data were extracted and subjected to the multivariate analysis. Water quality distribution in the lake was estimated using the regression equation obtained as a result. In addition, two - dimensional and three-dimensional numerical simulations were performed and compared with the distribution obtained from the satellite images. Behavior of the reservoir flows is complicated and water quality distribution varies greatly with the flows. Here, I report the results of analysis on three factors, field observation, numerical simulation and satellite images.

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Data Fusion Using Image Segmentation in High Spatial Resolution Satellite Imagery

  • Lee, Jong-Yeol
    • Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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    • 2003.11a
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    • pp.283-285
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    • 2003
  • This paper describes a data fusion method for high spatial resolution satellite imagery. The pixels located around an object edge have spectral mixing because of the geometric primitive of pixel. The larger a size of pixel is, the wider an area of spectral mixing is. The intensity of pixels adjacent edges were modified by the spectral characteristics of the pixels located inside of objects. The methods developed in this study were tested using IKONOS Multispectral and Pan data of a part of Jeju-shi in Korea. The test application shows that the spectral information of the pixels adjacent edges were improved well.

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Geodesic Clustering for Covariance Matrices

  • Lee, Haesung;Ahn, Hyun-Jung;Kim, Kwang-Rae;Kim, Peter T.;Koo, Ja-Yong
    • Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.321-331
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    • 2015
  • The K-means clustering algorithm is a popular and widely used method for clustering. For covariance matrices, we consider a geodesic clustering algorithm based on the K-means clustering framework in consideration of symmetric positive definite matrices as a Riemannian (non-Euclidean) manifold. This paper considers a geodesic clustering algorithm for data consisting of symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrices, utilizing the Riemannian geometric structure for SPD matrices and the idea of a K-means clustering algorithm. A K-means clustering algorithm is divided into two main steps for which we need a dissimilarity measure between two matrix data points and a way of computing centroids for observations in clusters. In order to use the Riemannian structure, we adopt the geodesic distance and the intrinsic mean for symmetric positive definite matrices. We demonstrate our proposed method through simulations as well as application to real financial data.

Signal Compensation of LiDAR Sensors and Noise Filtering (LiDAR 센서 신호 보정 및 노이즈 필터링 기술 개발)

  • Park, Hong-Sun;Choi, Joon-Ho
    • Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.334-339
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    • 2019
  • In this study, we propose a compensation method of raw LiDAR data with noise and noise filtering for signal processing of LiDAR sensors during the development phase. The raw LiDAR data include constant errors generated by delays in transmitting and receiving signals, which can be resolved by LiDAR signal compensation. The signal compensation consists of two stage. First one is LiDAR sensor calibration for a compensation of geometric distortion. Second is walk error compensation. LiDAR data also include fluctuation and outlier noise, the latter of which is removed by data filtering. In this study, we compensate for the fluctuation by using the Kalman filter method, and we remove the outlier noise by applying a Gaussian weight function.

Game Theoretic based Distributed Dynamic Power Allocation in Irregular Geometry Multicellular Network

  • Safdar, Hashim;Ullah, Rahat;Khalid, Zubair
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • v.22 no.7
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    • pp.199-205
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    • 2022
  • The extensive growth in data rate demand by the smart gadgets and mobile broadband application services in wireless cellular networks. To achieve higher data rate demand which leads to aggressive frequency reuse to improve network capacity at the price of Inter Cell Interference (ICI). Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) has been recognized as an effective scheme to get a higher data rate and mitigate ICI for perfect geometry network scenarios. In, an irregular geometric multicellular network, ICI mitigation is a challenging issue. The purpose of this paper is to develop distributed dynamic power allocation scheme for FFR based on game theory to mitigate ICI. In the proposed scheme, each cell region in an irregular multicellular scenario adopts a self-less behavior instead of selfish behavior to improve the overall utility function. This proposed scheme improves the overall data rate and mitigates ICI.

Development of Geometric Moments Based Ellipsoid Model for Extracting Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Rainfall Field (강우장의 시공간적 특성 추출을 위한 기하학적 모멘트 기반 등가타원 모형 개발)

  • Kwon, Hyun-Han;So, Byung-Jin;Kim, Min-Ji;Pack, Se-Hoon
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.31 no.6B
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    • pp.531-539
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    • 2011
  • It has been widely acknowledged that climate system associated with extreme rainfall events was difficult to understand and extreme rainfall simulation in climate model was more difficult. This study developed a new model for extracting rainfall filed associated with extreme events as a way to characterize large scale climate system. Main interests are to derive location, size and direction of the rainfall field and this study developed an algorithm to extract the above characteristics from global climate data set. This study mainly utilized specific humidity and wind vectors driven by NCEP reanalysis data to define the rainfall field. Geometric first and second moments have been extensively employed in defining the rainfall field in selected zone, and an ellipsoid based model were finally introduced. The proposed geometric moments based ellipsoid model works equally well with regularly and irregularly distributed synthetic grid data. Finally, the proposed model was applied to space-time real rainfall filed. It was found that location, size and direction of the rainfall field was successfully extracted.

Ensemble Learning with Support Vector Machines for Bond Rating (회사채 신용등급 예측을 위한 SVM 앙상블학습)

  • Kim, Myoung-Jong
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.29-45
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    • 2012
  • Bond rating is regarded as an important event for measuring financial risk of companies and for determining the investment returns of investors. As a result, it has been a popular research topic for researchers to predict companies' credit ratings by applying statistical and machine learning techniques. The statistical techniques, including multiple regression, multiple discriminant analysis (MDA), logistic models (LOGIT), and probit analysis, have been traditionally used in bond rating. However, one major drawback is that it should be based on strict assumptions. Such strict assumptions include linearity, normality, independence among predictor variables and pre-existing functional forms relating the criterion variablesand the predictor variables. Those strict assumptions of traditional statistics have limited their application to the real world. Machine learning techniques also used in bond rating prediction models include decision trees (DT), neural networks (NN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Especially, SVM is recognized as a new and promising classification and regression analysis method. SVM learns a separating hyperplane that can maximize the margin between two categories. SVM is simple enough to be analyzed mathematical, and leads to high performance in practical applications. SVM implements the structuralrisk minimization principle and searches to minimize an upper bound of the generalization error. In addition, the solution of SVM may be a global optimum and thus, overfitting is unlikely to occur with SVM. In addition, SVM does not require too many data sample for training since it builds prediction models by only using some representative sample near the boundaries called support vectors. A number of experimental researches have indicated that SVM has been successfully applied in a variety of pattern recognition fields. However, there are three major drawbacks that can be potential causes for degrading SVM's performance. First, SVM is originally proposed for solving binary-class classification problems. Methods for combining SVMs for multi-class classification such as One-Against-One, One-Against-All have been proposed, but they do not improve the performance in multi-class classification problem as much as SVM for binary-class classification. Second, approximation algorithms (e.g. decomposition methods, sequential minimal optimization algorithm) could be used for effective multi-class computation to reduce computation time, but it could deteriorate classification performance. Third, the difficulty in multi-class prediction problems is in data imbalance problem that can occur when the number of instances in one class greatly outnumbers the number of instances in the other class. Such data sets often cause a default classifier to be built due to skewed boundary and thus the reduction in the classification accuracy of such a classifier. SVM ensemble learning is one of machine learning methods to cope with the above drawbacks. Ensemble learning is a method for improving the performance of classification and prediction algorithms. AdaBoost is one of the widely used ensemble learning techniques. It constructs a composite classifier by sequentially training classifiers while increasing weight on the misclassified observations through iterations. The observations that are incorrectly predicted by previous classifiers are chosen more often than examples that are correctly predicted. Thus Boosting attempts to produce new classifiers that are better able to predict examples for which the current ensemble's performance is poor. In this way, it can reinforce the training of the misclassified observations of the minority class. This paper proposes a multiclass Geometric Mean-based Boosting (MGM-Boost) to resolve multiclass prediction problem. Since MGM-Boost introduces the notion of geometric mean into AdaBoost, it can perform learning process considering the geometric mean-based accuracy and errors of multiclass. This study applies MGM-Boost to the real-world bond rating case for Korean companies to examine the feasibility of MGM-Boost. 10-fold cross validations for threetimes with different random seeds are performed in order to ensure that the comparison among three different classifiers does not happen by chance. For each of 10-fold cross validation, the entire data set is first partitioned into tenequal-sized sets, and then each set is in turn used as the test set while the classifier trains on the other nine sets. That is, cross-validated folds have been tested independently of each algorithm. Through these steps, we have obtained the results for classifiers on each of the 30 experiments. In the comparison of arithmetic mean-based prediction accuracy between individual classifiers, MGM-Boost (52.95%) shows higher prediction accuracy than both AdaBoost (51.69%) and SVM (49.47%). MGM-Boost (28.12%) also shows the higher prediction accuracy than AdaBoost (24.65%) and SVM (15.42%)in terms of geometric mean-based prediction accuracy. T-test is used to examine whether the performance of each classifiers for 30 folds is significantly different. The results indicate that performance of MGM-Boost is significantly different from AdaBoost and SVM classifiers at 1% level. These results mean that MGM-Boost can provide robust and stable solutions to multi-classproblems such as bond rating.

Development of CAE Data Translation Technique for a Virtual Reality Environment (가상현실 환경을 위한 해석데이터 변환 기술 개발)

  • Song, In-Ho;Yang, Jeong-Sam;Jo, Hyun-Jei;Choi, Sang-Su
    • Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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    • v.13 no.5
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    • pp.334-341
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    • 2008
  • Computer-aided engineering (CAE) analysis is considered essential for product development because it decreases the simulation time, reduces the prototyping costs, and enhances the reusability of product parts. The reuse of quality-assured CAE data has been continually increasing due to the extension of product lifecycle management; PLM, which is widely used, shortens the product development cycle and improves the product quality. However, less attention has been paid to systematic research on the interoperability of CAE data because of the diversity of CAE data and because the structure of CAE data is more complex than that of CAD data. In this paper, we suggest a CAE data exchange method for the effective sharing of geometric and analysis data. The method relies on heterogeneous CAE systems, a virtual reality system, and our developed CAE middleware for CAE data exchange. We also designed a generic CAE kernel, which is a critical part of the CAE middleware. The kernel offers a way of storing analysis data from various CAE systems, and, with the aid of a script command, enabling the data to be translated for a different system. The reuse of CAE data is enhanced by the fact that the CAE middle-ware can be linked with a virtual reality system or a product data management system.

Modeling Spatial Data in a geo-DBMS using 3D Primitives (Geo-DBMS의 3차원 Primitive를 이용한 공간정보데이터 구축 및 활용 - CityGML을 기반으로 -)

  • Park, In-Hye;Lee, Ji-Yeong
    • Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.50-54
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    • 2009
  • Recently, many researches have been conducted to develop 3D Indoor/Outdoor Spatial Data Models. The 3D data created based on these data models have complex data structures. In order to manage these data efficiently, it is better to use a DBMS. There have been many researches to maintain the 3D data in Geo-DBMS, such that Oosterom (2002) and Arens (2005) developed a method to store 3D Building model, geometric and topological data of coverage in DBMSa. In this study, we propose a method to store the CityGML data into the RDBMS, Oracle Spatial 11g.

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Development of Standardization Algorithm for Indoor Point Cloud Data Based on the Geometric Feature of Structural Components (구조 부재의 형상적 특성 기반의 실내 포인트 클라우드 데이터의 표준화 알고리즘 개발)

  • Oh, Sangmin;Cha, Minsu;Cho, Hunhee
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2023.05a
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    • pp.345-346
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    • 2023
  • As the shape and size of detectable objects diversifying recognition and segmentation algorithms have been developed to acquire accurate shape information. Although a high density of data captured by the repetition of scanning improves the accuracy of algorithms the high dense data decreases the efficiency due to its large size. This paper proposes standardization algorithms using the feature of structural members on indoor point cloud data to improve the process. First of all we determine the reduction rate of the density based on the features of the target objects then the data reduction algorithm compresses the data based on the reduction rate. Second the data arrangement algorithm rotates the data until the normal vector of data is aligned along the coordinate axis to allow the following algorithms to operate properly. Final the data arrangement algorithm separates the rotated data into their leaning axis. This allows reverse engineering of indoor point clouds to obtain the efficiency and accuracy of refinement processes.

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