• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.153-166
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• 1983

The distribution of beech species (Fagus) and beech-dominated forests along climatic gradients in the Northern Hemisphere was studied by use of taxonomic and ecological literature. The genus Fagus as a whole occurs over the range of 4.5 to 20.0。C mean annual temperature and 600 to 1000 mm in lower limit, mean annual precipitation. At the higher end of the temperature range, beech occurs in zones with relatively high growing-season precipitation. Edaphically, beech species and beech-dominated forests tend to occur on mesic, moderately fertile sites. Beech-dominated forests occur in a limited portion of the climatic range of the genus with sensitive responses to other environmental factors. The distributional range of beech-dominated forests on a global scale depends more on climatic factors and geological events than on soil conditions or other factors, summarizing the facts obtained by many researchers on beech dominated forests.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 1983

Gyeongsang Basin in the southeastern part of the Korean peninsular is characterized by many fault systems. To decipher the geotectonical evolution of the Korean peninsular and marginal basins in her adjacent areas it is prerequisite to understand the spatial distribution pattern and mutual relationships of these fault systems. Because of difficulties in finding any criterion to recognize the faults in field, their extension and mutual relationships in ages are not very clear yet. As an attempt to find geophysical criteria to recognize the fault, geoelectrical resistivity survey was carried out in this study. With the Wenner configuration four resistivity soundings and twenty seven resistivity profilings were done. The electrode distance used was up to 50m. From the results of the resistivity soundings and boring data of earlier groundwater investigations the depth of alluvial and weathered zone was established to be at most 20m in the study area. In the resistivity profiling low resistivity anomaly zones are detected on every traverse, which are interpreted as caused by fractures, fault clays and mylonites in the fault zone. The width of the fault zone amounts to 0.3-1km. By correlating and connecting the negative anomaly zones from traverse to traverse one can determine the trend of th of the faultzone and therefore that of fault itself. The recognized fault trend in this way was $N15^{\circ}-20^{\circ}E$ and this coincides with the direction of the inferred fault line from earlier geological surface mapping. With the help of this characteristical negative anomaly the existance of another $N80^{\circ}W$ trending fault was estabished. This study has shown that geoelectrical resistivity survey can be applied successfully to the problem of tracing fault line insofar as a fault zone has been developed along fault line.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.9-20
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• 1991

구시납석광상은 전남 해남지역의 중생대 백악기 화산암류를 모암으로 산출된다. 모암을 이루는 화산암류는 대부분 웅회암류이나 일부 유문암의 변질산물도 있으며, 이들의 열수변질 산물로서 구시광상의 납석 및 도석을 형성 시켰다. 이 변질작용의 결과로 형성된 광물조합에 의하여 이들은 변질대의 중심부로부터 외각으로 가면서 납석, 디카이트, 석영 및 일라이트-스멕타이트대로 구분된다. 이러한 변질광물의 분포양상은 모암인 장구리응회암이 상대적으로 높은 Si와 K이온 활동도를 갖는 강한 산성 열수용액에 의한 변질작용에 의하여 형성되었음을 지시한다. 이들 광물의 안정영역을 고려할 때 일라이트-스멕타이트대는 $200^{\circ}C$ 이하에서, 디카이트대는 $200{\sim}250^{\circ}C$ 범위에서, 납석대는 $260^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도 영역에서 형성 되었음을 지시한다. 납석대의 일부에서 다이아스포어를 함유하는 것으로 보아 이때의 최고 온도는 $300^{\circ}C$ 정도에 이르렀을 것이다. 이들 변질작용은 본역에 분포된 화산암류를 형성시킨 화산활동에 기인된 열수변질작용으로 해석된다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.84-91
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• 2018

The present study deals with the management of groundwater resources of an important agriculture track of north-western part of Saudi Arabia. Due to strategic importance of the area efforts have been made to estimate aquifer proneness to attenuate contamination. This includes determining hydrodynamic behavior of the groundwater system. The important parameters of any vulnerability model are geological formations in the region, depth to water levels, soil, rainfall, topography, vadose zone, the drainage network and hydraulic conductivity, land use, hydrochemical data, water discharge, etc. All these parameters have greater control and helps determining response of groundwater system to a possible contaminant threat. A widely used DRASTIC model helps integrate these data layers to estimate vulnerability indices using GIS environment. DRASTIC parameters were assigned appropriate ratings depending upon existing data range and a constant weight factor. Further, land-use pattern map of study area was integrated with vulnerability map to produce pollution risk map. A comparison of DRASTIC model was done with GOD and AVI vulnerability models. Model validation was done with $NO_3$, $SO_4$ and Cl concentrations. These maps help to assess the zones of potential risk of contamination to the groundwater resources.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.131-137
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• 1988

Geological and electrical resistivity surveys were carried out to investigate subsurface geology and geologic structure of the Bonghwajae area in the Okchon zone. Pseudosections of the apparent electrical resistivity distribution along the three survey lines were obtained by using dipole-dipole electrode array method, and models of subsurface geology and geologic structure by using two dimensional finite difference method. The Bonghwajae fault zone exists around Bonghwajae area in the north-south direction, and is a boundary between Okchon Group and Choson Supper Group. Metabasite and hornblende gabbro intruded along the Bonghwajae fault zone remaining two fracture zones with low resistivity value of 20 ohm-m and widths of about 100m and 70-300m. They strike nearly N-S and dip westward with a high angle of $60-70^{\circ}$. Sochangri fault with a width of about 160m exists between Jisogori and Bonghwajae, by which Bonghwajae fault zone is displaced about 1km in the east-west direction. Hornblende gabbro whose electrical resistivity value is in the range of 5000-8000 ohm-m intruded the metabasite of 2000-4500 ohm-m after the Sochangri fault had formed. Great Limestone Group is widely distributed in the east of Bonghwajae fault zone, and interbeds so called Yongam formation of graphitic black slate with an extremely low electrical resistivity value of 2 ohm-m.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.155-166
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• 1993

Gold contents with major and trace elements have been determined in 67 fresh igneous and altered wall rocks in the acid-sulfate alteration zone of the Ogmaesan-Seongsan pyrophyllite deposits in the Haenam area of the south-western part of Korean peninsula. The results are as follows; (1) Li contents have a tendency to show high value in dickite and altered rocks with dickite, while As, Mo and Sb contents have tendencies to show high values in alunite vein and silicified zone. F contents are higher in the altered rocks compared to fresh rocks. (2) Gold contents are enriched in alunite vein and silicified zone of the Seongsan deposit, but depleted in dickite and altered rock with dickite. Gold contents are especially concentrated in fault or conjunction area of two faults. (3) Gold contents are higher values in the mineral assemblages of alunite-quartz-pyrite and alteration zone of the Seongsan deposit among the studied deposits. (4) Gold contents in samples of silicified zones tend to show positive correlations with Ag, As, Co, Hg, Sb and V content, but negative correlations with Y and Zr contents, while on the other gold contents of silicified tuffs tend to show positive correlations with Hg and Sb contents. Therefore it is important to survey alunite vein and silicified zone at the conjunction of faults, and to analyze pathfinder elements such as Ag, As, Hg and Sb for geological and geochemical exploration of gold in the studied deposits.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.38-41
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• 2009

Results from the most recent decade of Mars' missions to Mars highlight a liquid water and water-ice sculpted landscape. Evidence includes layered sedimentary sequences with weathered outcrops, debris flows, fluvial valleys, alluvial fans, deltas, glacial and periglacial landscapes, and geochemical/mineralogical signatures of aqueous activity, including the formation of sulfates and clays, and the leaching and deposition of elements such as potassium, thorium,and iron. Such evidence indicates weathered zones and possible paleosols in stratigraphic sequences, transport of water and rock materials to sedimentary basins, and the possible formation of extensive transient lakes and possibly transient oceans on Mars. This new evidence is consistent with Viking-era geologic investigations that reported magmatic-driven flooding, ponding to form large water bodies in the northern plains, and transient (tens of thousand of years) hydrological cycles. It may even indicate aqueous activity at present. Both endogenic (magmatic driven) and exogenic (both impact cratering and changes in orbital parameters) have influenced paleohydrologic and environmental change on Mars. Abundance of water and dynamic activity would be decisively important for the possibility of past and present life on Mars.

• 지질공학
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.55-68
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• 2008

현재 한국에서는 도로 터널, 철도 터널, 지하 석유저장시설 및 방사성 폐기물 저장시설과 같은 지하구조물들이 많은 곳에서 건설되고 있다. 지하구조물 건설을 위해서는 자연적인 요인(지질, 수리지질, 토양, 식생, 지형 및 수계 인위적인 요인(토지이용, 도시화, 인구, 문화 및 교통)이 고려되어야 한다. 특히, 수리지질은 지하구조물의 안정성과 구조물에 의한 지하수계의 영향을 평가하기 위해서 중요한 요소로서 고려되어야 한다. 본 연구는 부산시 지하철 3호선 건설을 위해서 굴착된 45개 시추공을 이용하여 동래교차로에서부터 서동까지 지역의 천부지층의 순리지질 특성을 규명하고자 하였다. 본 연구지역의 30개 시추공에서는 불포화대와 포화대의 슬러그시험을 실시하였다. 슬러그시험 결과, 불포화대의 구간별 수리전도도 평균값은 포화대의 구간별 수리전도도 평균값 보다 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 포화대의 슬러그시험 결과는 포화대의 최상부의 수리지질 특성을 잘 반영하는 것으로 보인다.

• 지질공학
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.289-302
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• 2020

2016년 경상남도 하동군 땅밀림 지역의 지하구조와 미끄럼사면을 파악하기 위해 지구물리탐사(전기비 저항, 탄성파 굴절법, 시추공 영상촬영)와 사면안정해석을 실시하였다. 시추조사와 탄성파속도로 해석된 사면의 지층 및 지하구조는 20여 m의 두터운 퇴적층 밑에 구간에 따라 1 m보다 얇은 풍화암 및 연암이 각각 분포한다. 지표지질조사를 통하여 관찰된 인장균열의 지표흔적을 기준으로 시추공 BH-2에서 영상촬영을 수행하여 확인된 집중 파쇄대의 분포는 지하수면과 쌍극자배열 전기비저항 단면에서 해석된 활동연약대의 깊이와 잘 부합한다. 기반암 표면의 고비저항 돌출부는 연약대의 하부 진행을 막는 일종의 자연적인 받침대 역할을 하여 이것을 경계점으로 활동면이 미끄러지고 약간 위로 올라가는 휘어진 파괴면을 수반하는 땅밀림의 특성을 설명해준다. 활동연약대에 대한 사면안정해석에서 지하수면의 변동시켜가며 건기와 우기의 안전율을 계산한 결과 우기에 해당되는 0.89의 낮은 값은 지하수로 완전포화된 물질에 기인하는 바 조사지역의 사면은 호우 시 불안정한 사면으로 해석된다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 International Symposium
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• pp.70-86
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• 2003

Despite its usability, TCE has been managed as a hazardous material due to the toxicity and many contamination cases were surveyed in some developed countries. U.S.EPA(Kram et al., 2001) suggested DNAPL characterization methods and approaches based on survey experiences at several sites. However, Korea has not the least assessment of contamination and trial of remediation, although there are a lot of doubtable areas where ground water would be contaminated with TCE. In this study, we try to assess the volume and extent of ground water contamination with TCE and delineate the contamination source zones in an industrial area. Ground water in this area flows through fractures and the contaminant TCE has the properties of high volatility, high density and low partitioning to soil material. Thus, we applied a variety of technical approaches to identify the contamination status; documentary, hydrogeochemical, hydrogeological and geological surveys. In addition, additional survey was performed based on the interim findings, which showed that ground water contamination was limited to the relatively small area with high concentrations to the deep place. The contamination source zone is estimated to be the asphalt test institute where a great deal of TCE has been used to analyze the amount of asphalt soluble in TCE since 1984. Based on the contamination characterization and a myriad of documents about ground water remediation, appropriate site remediation management options will be recommended later. This study is now under way and this paper was focused on describing the technical approaches used to achieve the goals of this study.