• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.32-45
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to raise a cognition and necessity of effective geoheritage education for pre-service teachers. We conducted a survey research of 190 elementary and secondary pre-service teachers in Chung-buk province, 2013. The survey showed that pre-service teachers did not recognize and explain geoheritatges well due to lack of education even though they have heard about 'geoheritages' through broadcast media. Although most pre-service teachers were not trained for geoheritage courses, some of them were educated from their elementary and middle school teachers. However, even the trained pre-service teachers have insufficient cognition for geoheritages, either. Some of pre-service teachers recognized the significance of geoheritages and responded to a necessity of geoheritage education. The pre-service teachers recognized that education for geoheritages is not included in present elementary and secondary curriculum, even though education of geoheritages by teachers at school would be the most effective approach. Furthermore, the pre-service teachers answered that elementary school curriculum should raise much curiosity and provide effective learning for geoheritage education even though negative views are present such that students may have to spend considerable time for geoheritage education. Finally, the pre-service teachers expect to experience with field activities for geoheritage education as a present curriculum, and responded that they would prefer video aids for education provided from professional geoheritage organization. As a result of this investigation we provide strategy for introducing to Pre-service teachers about value and preciousness of geoheritage.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.71-84
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• 2020

Various geological structures are found on the slope of Bangnim district in Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, based on the Paleozoic Joseon Supergroup Limestone. The recumbent fold observed on the slope is a very rare geological structure that has not been found in Korea, and has important academic value in exploring the formation process of the Paleozoic geological structures in the Gangwon region. In this study, discussed the geological value of the geological structure observed on the slope of the road, and studied the management method of rockfall problem slopes. The state of development of recumbent folds has conservation value in geological scarcity and specificity. Preservation management measures should be prepared through the protection of slopes and measures to reduce of rockfall risks as geoheritage with an important value in geology science and education. Furthermore, it is expected to be preserved and utilized as a geopark.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2016

This study aims analyze the geological values in relation to the volcanic area and to investigate a possibility of the geosites and the geoheritages in Byeonsanbando area. The results indicate that the seven geosites are relevant as a potential national geopark, including Gunghang, Solseom Island, and Mohang located in Oebyeonsan and Jikso Falls, Gulbawi, Seongye Falls, and Ulgumbawi located in Naebyeonsan. Solseom Island and Mohang should be preserved and used as a place of the geological study because of their high geological heritage values. Besides, Jeokbyeokgang and Chaeseokgang are famous for excellent natural landscapes as they have been proven with academic values. Like this, these area are considered to have sufficient value as a national geopark of Korea, because their geoheritages are variously distributed in Byeonsanbando area.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.143-161
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• 2016

This study is concerned with new excavation methods and techniques for fossil tracks/trackways and its application. Unlike the body fossils such as dinosaur skeletons and isolated bones, the Mesozoic vertebrate tracks and trackways including dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and birds are usually discovered in long-distance trackways. The trackways are also found in a large area of the bedding plane and preserved as two-dimensional and flat characteristic. New excavation methods for fossil footprints reflecting these characteristics have been designed to excavate fossil footprints preserved on wide bedding plane and applied to five excavation fossil tracksites. As a result of its application, the tracks and trackways of dinosaur, pterosaur, and bird were successfully excavated. And based on various excavation cases, the step-by-step process and details of the fossil footprints excavation was proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.93-107
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• 2018

The concepts of geotourism and geoparks have emerged due to the paradigm shift in tourism and the increased recognition of geosites and geoheritage as legacies that must be protected and preserved. The number of geoparks designated by UNESCO and national governments is increasing globally. The purpose of this paper is to propose directions for enhancing Jeju Geopark to perform as a geological educational venue. This study reviewed the present conditions of the education and communication, the media, and the facilities of the geopark with respect to the required conditions to be effective for geological education. Data surveys, field surveys, visitor questionnaires, and interviews were conducted to examine the educational and guidance system of the geopark, the physical space configuration, and the operation and management methods. The research process is as follows. First, the study analyzed the status of the education and communication in Jeju Geopark, according to the criteria of the UNESCO GGN, using data acquired from the survey. Second, the study analyzed and evaluated the educational and communication facilities, and media, focusing on four aspects of the geopark: the geo-trail, spatial composition and layout, communicational and educational facilities, and the system and design of signboards. Third, the study assessed the perception and satisfaction of visitors to the geopark. Fourth, the study summarized the potential and limitations of the Jeju Geopark through in-depth interviews. The four analyses showed that enhancements in the exploration environment, communication, media, and operation and management system are all necessary for effective geological education. Based on these results, this study suggests directions for enhancing the geopark in the four following aspects. Management and maintenance must be improved to meet UNESCO criteria, while the improvements in the visiting environment quality, the supplementing of communication and facilities, and enhancements in the organization and system of operation and management also must be taken on.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.36-46
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• 2023

In this study, small bird tracks from the Cretaceous Sanbukdong Formation in Gunsan City, South Korea, were briefly described. Detrital zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating was conducted of the tuffaceous sandstone from the formation to determine the depositional age of the vertebrate track-bearing strata. Small bird tracks are not well-preserved but divided into two types: two consecutive tracks and three isolated tracks. They are small, asymmetric, slender, functionally-tridactyl tracks, which lack a web between digits. The consecutive and isolated tracks were identified as Koreanaornis dodsoni? and Koreanaornis ichnosp., respectively. This study adds avian tracks to the Sanbukdong tetrapod track assemblage composed of theropods, ornithopods, and pterosaur tracks. According to the U-Pb dating, the estimated age of the Sanbukdong Formation is 112.5±5.8 Ma, regard as the Aptian Stage, representing the maximum depositional age for the Sanbukdong Formation. The Sanbukdong Formation can be correlated with the lower part of the Jinju Formation in the Gyeongsang Basin. Thus, small avian tracks may represent the oldest Korean occurrence of Koreanaornis.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.458-472
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• 2018

Pterosaur tracks were discovered recently in the Daegok-ri dinosaur tracksite (Ulsan Metropolitan City Cultural Properties No. 13), Ulju-gun, Ulsan. Those tracks were reported as being the first in the Cretaceous deposits of Ulsan area. This tracksite is located relatively far from the Gyeongsangnam-do coastal area where pterosaur tracks were reported intensively, and there are stratigraphic differences. This study described the pterosaur tracks and trackway of the Daegok-ri tracksite and discussed the spatio-temporal distribution of the Cretaceous pterosaurs in the Korean Peninsula. The pterosaur footprints founded in Daegok-ri can be classified as Pteraichnus ichnosp., followed by the morphological characteristics. Based on the distribution of the pterosaur tracks on the Korean Peninsula including the Daegok-ri pterosaur tracks, it was estimated that the Cretaceous pterosaurs on the Korean Peninsula had survived approximately for 40 million years from 120 Ma (i.e., Early Cretaceous) to 80 Ma (i.e., Late Cretaceous) and inhabited in various sedimentary environments regardless of the basin size and the specific sedimentary environments. Furthermore, the occurrence of the sauropod, ornithopod, theropod, pterosaurs, birds, and crocodyliforms tracks/trackways in the Daegok-ri area represented that the Cretaceous vertebrate ichnodiversity was fairly high.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.195-215
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• 2019

Geopark is a new system for development of the local economy through conservation, education, and tourism that is an area of scientific importance for the earth sciences and that has outstanding scenic values. The Hwaseong Geopark, the candidate for Korean National Geopark is composed of 10 geosites: Gojeongri dinosaur egg fossils, Ueumdo, Eoseom, Ddakseom, Goryeom, Jebudo, Baengmiri Coast, Gungpyeonhang, Ippado and Gukwado geosites. In this study, geosites, geoheritages, and geotrails of the Hwaseong Geopark were described in detail, and the value and significane as a geopark were also discussed. The geology of the Hwaseong Geopark area belonging to the Gyeonggi Massif consists of the Precambrian metamorphic and meta-sedimentary rocks, Paleozoic sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, Mesozoic igneous and sedimentary rocks, and Quaternary deposits, indicating high geodiversity. The Gojeongri Dinosaur Egg Fossils geosite, designated as a natural monument, has a geotrail including dinosaur egg nest fossils, burrows, tafoni, fault and drag fold, cross-bedding. Furthermore, a variety of infrastructures such as eco-trail deck, visitor center are well-established in the geosite. In the Ueumdo geosite, there are various metamorphic rocks (gneiss, schist, and phyllite) and geological structures (fold, fault, joint, dike, and vein), thus it has a high educational value. The Eoseom geosite has high academic value because of the orbicular texture found in metamorphic rocks. Also, various volcanic and sedimentary rocks belonging to the Cretaceous Tando Basin can be observed in the Ddakseom and Goryeom geosites. In the Jebudo, Baengmiri Coast, and Gungpyeonghang geosites, a variety of coastal landforms (tidal flat, seastacks, sand and gravel beach, and coastal dunes), metamorphic rocks and geological structures, such as clastic dikes and quartz veins can be observed, and they also provide various programs including mudflat experience to visitors. Ippado and Gukwado geosites have typical large-scale fold structures, and unique coastal erosional features and various Paleozoic schists can be observed. The Hwaseong Geopark consists of outstanding geosites with high geodiversity and academic values, and it also has geotrails that combine geology, geomorphology, landscape and ecology with infrastructures and various education and experience programs. Therefore, the Hwaseong Geopark is expected to serve as a great National Geopark representing the western Gyeonggi Province, Korea.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.581-597
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• 2017

In this study, we conducted a statistical analysis to see how visitors were satisfied through experiences at the Goseong Dinosaur Museum, which is a representative natural history museum in the Republic of Korea. As a result, during the last 10 years (2005-2014) the total number of visitors to the Goseong Dinosaur Museum was more than 3,410,000 persons. The maximum- and minimum number of visitors per year was more than 440,000 and 300,000 persons, respectively. The annual average number was more than ca. 340,000 persons. Among the visitors, the number of individual visitors was more than 2,800,000 persons (82.0%) and the number of group visitors was about 610,000 persons (18.0%). As a result of the monthly visitor analysis, the maximum number of visitors was about 530,000 persons in August while the minimum number of visitors was about 140,000 persons in February. The visiting patterns of the individual and group visitors were different. There were the largest number of the individual visitors in August and the smallest number of them in December, whereas the largest number of the group visitors in October and the smallest number of them in February. The visitor's residence was generally proportional to the geographical accessibility and the number of people in their residence. The results showed that the degree of visitor's satisfaction using Likert scale was relatively high with the score of 4.1. However, the visitors recommended that some facilities should be improved. Regarding the number of visits and the intention of revisit, 102 persons (53.1%) of 192 made a visit to the museum more than two times, and 178 persons (89.9%) of 198 visitors would like to visit the museum again. It is recommended that the results of this study be used in developing a long term-plan or for the Goseong Dinosaur Museum.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.319-345
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• 2019

Recently planification and effort for management, assessment and discovery of geological heritagesare being increasingly demanded with institutional strategies such as geopark, as their preservation is asked socially. In this study, we discovered geological heritages in the Jeolla Province and then performed assessment of the value and grading of them and finally suggested a promising and suitable site for the National Geopark. A total of 325 geological heritages are listed on literature review and then detailed description in field and assessment of the value for selected 158 geoheritages are completed. The assessment items are categorized into intrinsic value, subsidiary value, and preservation/management part. The intrinsic value is subdivided into scientific/educational value, composed of representativeness, rarity, geodiversity, typicality, reproducibility, and particularity, and geomorphological/landscape value composed of scale, naturality (integrity), scenery (aesthetic value). Also, subsidiary value consist of 7 subsections of soil function, ecological function, tourism value, geological resource, historical value, folk tale or legend and symbolic value, and accessibility, convenient facility (infrastructure), management condition (legal protection) is evaluated in preservation/management part. The heritages in the Jeolla Province subdivided into three types: 73 geological heritages, 42 geomorphological heritages, and 42 composite heritages. Based on points acquired in intrinsic value, all geological heritages are graded Class-I to -V. As a result, numbers of geoheritage belong to Class-I (protection at world level), -II (protection at national level), -III (nationdesignated management), -IV (involved management list), -V (candidate management list) are 12, 39, 52, 34, 21, respectively. Finally, we construct database based on Arc-GIS with all informations for each geological heritage and suggest three promising and suitable sites, 'Jirisan-Seomjingang Area' and 'south coast area of Jeolla Province', for the National Geopark.