• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.13-20
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• 2012

This study aimed to find the association between geographic proximity and program participation at a Healthy Family Support Center (HFSC). Drawing demographic and geographic information from the participant list at a local HFSC in Seoul for the period 2009 to 2011, this study calculated the geographic distance from the individual residence to the center for 2,343 participants. We found that single time participants had a longer distance from their residence to the center than multiple time participants. When we compared the proximity by program areas, we found that the geographic distance to the center was shorter among education program participants than among non participants. However, there was no difference in the other areas of programs. In terms of the target group, the distance was shorter among adult program participants. Finally, the average distance among participants in multiple session programs was shorter. The results of this study indicated that the relationship between geographic proximity and program participation depended on program areas, target groups, and the number of sessions.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 1996

This study was to examine the occurrence of geographic song variation and its pattern of transitional direction among bush warbler populations distributed in Korea and Japan, Bush warbler songs (n=283) of 25 males from Cheongwon and Jeju, Korea, and from Chiba, Japan were analyzed. Chiba individuals had more song types and had the higher dominant frequency and longer duration of the introductory whistle portion than Cheongwon and Jeju individuals. In measure of eight song parameters, the parameters constantly showed a decreasing or increasing tendency. The constant tendency showed direction related with the geographic location from Chiba to Cheongwon. The difference in song parameters between Cheongwon and Chiba populations was the greatest in comparison to that of other sets of geographic populations. The degree of discrimination among the three populations was 92.00%. These results indicate that there is a geographic song variation between bush warblers of Japan and Korea, and that the song transition has been directed from Chiba (Japan) through Jeju to Cheongwon (Korea).

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.453-464
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• 2019

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine whether dietary quality varies among different age groups and geographic areas, and whether the difference between geographic areas varies across several age groups in Korea. Methods: The subjects were 14,170 subjects who participated in the 2013-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The dietary quality was assessed using the Korean Health Eating Index (KHEI). Age groups were categorized into six groupings, and areas were categorized into urban and rural according to their administrative districts. The effect of area on the KHEI score was analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The KHEI was the lowest in the 20-30s group (57.7 ± 0.4 score for 20s and 61.2 ± 0.3 score for 30s) and increased with age (p<0.001), showing the highest score in the 60s (67.9 ± 0.3 score), and then decreased again in the 70s and older (64.6 ± 0.3 score). As a result of comparing the KHEI score by area, the urban areas had higher KHEI scores than did the rural areas (63.5 ± 0.2 score for urban area and 62.2 ± 0.4 score for rural area, p=0.002). The difference between areas was dependent on the age group, showing a significant difference for subjects who were aged from 50s and older (p=0.002 for 50s, p<0.001 for 60s and p<0.001 for 70s and older). After adjusting for confounding factors, the effect of area on the KHEI score was only shown for those subjects in the over 60 years old group (p=0.035 for 60s and p<0.001 for 70s and older). Conclusions: The dietary quality differed according to the age group and geographic area. The dietary quality was lower for younger people than that for older people, and in rural areas compared to that in urban areas, and especially for older adults. The area factor was a very important factor for the dietary quality.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.352-359
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• 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the geographic distribution of diabetes mortality in Japan and identify socioeconomic factors affecting differences in municipality-specific diabetes mortality. Methods: Diabetes mortality data by year and municipality from 2013 to 2017 were extracted from Japanese Vital Statistics, and the socioeconomic characteristics of municipalities were obtained from government statistics. We calculated the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of diabetes for each municipality using the empirical Bayes method and represented geographic differences in SMRs in a map of Japan. Multiple linear regression was conducted to identify the socioeconomic factors affecting differences in SMR. Statistically significant socioeconomic factors were further assessed by calculating the relative risk of mortality of quintiles of municipalities classified according to the degree of each socioeconomic factor using Poisson regression analysis. Results: The geographic distribution of diabetes mortality differed by gender. Of the municipality-specific socioeconomic factors, high rates of single-person households and unemployment and a high number of hospital beds were associated with a high SMR for men. High rates of fatherless households and blue-collar workers were associated with a high SMR for women, while high taxable income per-capita income and total population were associated with low SMR for women. Quintile analysis revealed a complex relationship between taxable income and mortality for women. The mortality risk of quintiles with the highest and lowest taxable per-capita income was significantly lower than that of the middle-income quintile. Conclusions: Socioeconomic factors of municipalities in Japan were found to affect geographic differences in diabetes mortality.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.63-78
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• 1986

Two species of Moroco oxycephalus and M. lagowskii were studied to examine patterns of genic variation and morphological difference within and between populations of two species, and to clarify their taxonomic status and geographic distribution. The number of scales above lateral line(SAL) was the key character to classify these species. On the average, M.lagowskii had 22 or more SAL whereas M.oxycephalus had 20 or less. Previously known character of the position of dorsal fin was found to be not appropriate to distinguish them. Five loci, Gp, st-1, Est-2, Est-3 and Got-1 , showed fixed difference electrophoretically between two species and these could be used as genetic markers to identify them. The degree of genic variation of M. oxycephalus was four fold higher(H=0.032) than that of M. lagowskii(H=0.008) but both species were far less than the average genic variation of freshwater fish in general. Rogers' genetic similarity coefficients between two species were S=0.692 and their presumed divergent time was estimated to be sbout 1.8million years ageo. Detailed survey of the geographic distribution of thses revealed that M.lagowskii was distributed in northeastern part of South Korea(Ganseong , Gangreung, Wangsan, and Oggye) and M. oxycephalus was occupied rest of the peninsula. The distrance between Oggye, the southern limit of M. lagowskii distribution , and Samwha (near Samcheog), the northern limit of M.oxycephalus, was aobut 15 Km apart and no symparty was found in between.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.632-640
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• 2003

Geographic variation in shell morphology of Thais clavigera $(K\"{u}ster)$ (Gastropoda: Muricidae) was investigated using samples collected from 24 sites along the Korean coast. Multivariate statistical analysis was applied to 9 morphometric and 4 categorical variables. The shells of T. clavigera were classified into two distinct morph types (Type-W and -E). Temperature and salinity of the sampling sites were significantly correlated with the incidence of morph types. Relative abundance of Type-W (thin, yellowish brown shell with triangular nodules) was positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with salinity. In contrast, relative abundance of Type-E (thick, dark purple shell with round nodules) was negatively correlated with temperature and positively correlated with salinity. Possible correlation between environmental factors (temperature and salinity) and morphological variations in the shells were discussed.

• Journal of Advanced Information Technology and Convergence
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.61-72
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• 2020

Recently, researches that are using deep learning technology in various fields are being conducted. The fields include geographic map processing. In this paper, I propose a method to infer where the map area included in the image is. The proposed method generates and learns images including a map, detects map areas from input images, extracts character strings belonging to those map areas, and converts the extracted character strings into coordinates through geocoding to infer the coordinates of the input image. Faster R-CNN was used for learning and map detection. In the experiment, the difference between the center coordinate of the map on the test image and the center coordinate of the detected map is calculated. The median value of the results of the experiment is 0.00158 for longitude and 0.00090 for latitude. In terms of distance, the difference is 141m in the east-west direction and 100m in the north-south direction.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 1960

1. Author has surveyed the frequency, geographic variation and micro-geographic variation of the elytral pattern types and the elytral edge of the population of lady-beetle, Harmonia axyridis Pallace which was collected in Seoul and the other 6 localities in Korea. 2. The number of specimen collected were 3.051 in which succinea occupied 88.32 % : Axyridis, 1.00% : spectabilis, 6.145 : and Conspicua , 4.545. 3. Of all 84.80% were found to have elytral edge. 4. There was a little difference in compositional proportation of the above four types to population and in the frequency of elytral edge between the population of west seaside and that of inland of Korea. 5. An interesting micro-geographic variation was observed in Dae-Chun, a beach located on west seaside of south Korea. In this locality , the Succinea occupied 45.23% and 27.805 were found to be provided with elytral edge in the specimen collected in pine trees ( Pinus thunbergii Parlatore), while in the specimen collected in burley field, oak, willow etc. 92.00% were Succinea and 90.93% were found to have elytral edge.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.385-392
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• 2016

Geographical isolation may lead to the populations having different ecological characteristics. Geographic isolation have been known to cause echolocation call differences in bats. In order to look at geographic differences of echolocation calls of Great Horseshoe Bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum), populations of inland and Jeju island habitats were examined in Korea. The study areas were some abandoned mines in the inland and caves of Jeju island, which were known as rest sites of Great Horseshoe Bats during the active season. Recording was done in two ways: Hand-held, Free-flying. Recording pulse was analyzed into five parameters: Maximum Frequency (FMAX), Minimum Frequency (FMIN), Peak Frequency (PF), Duration (D), Inter pulse Interval (IPI). Interestingly, The present study shows that the difference in echolocation between the inland and island populations. The PF of bats inhabited inland was 69 kHz. but, the PF of bats inhabited island (Jeju) was 71 kHz. There was a difference between regions. Discriminant analyses also showed clear difference between the inland and the island populations. Especially, PF of Korea population is lower than that of Europe (82 kHz) and higher than that of Japan (65 kHz).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Information Management Conference
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• 2000.08a
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• pp.129-132
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• 2000

GIS(Geographic Information System) tool has been applied to determine a spatial difference of weed population density in paddy field and it has introduced to rice yield difference among counties as well as to rice blast in Korea. There was highly difference between sampling sites in terms of spatial analysis which may imply to be able to apply this tool for the precesion agriculture in the 21 century.