• Title/Summary/Keyword: Geochemical data

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Groundwater Ages and Flow Paths at a Coastal Waste Repository Site in Korea, Based on Geochemical Characteristics and Numerical Modeling

  • Cheong, Jae-Yeol;Hamm, Se-Yeong;Koh, Dong-Chan;Lee, Chung-Mo;Ryu, Sang Min;Lee, Soo-Hyoung
    • The Journal of Engineering Geology
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2016
  • Groundwater flow paths and groundwater ages at a radioactive waste repository located in a coastal area of South Korea were evaluated using the hydrochemical and hydrogeological characteristics of groundwater, surface water, rain water, and seawater, as well as by numerical modeling. The average groundwater travel time in the top layer of the model, evaluated by numerical modeling and groundwater age (34 years), approximately corresponds to the groundwater age obtained by chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-12 analysis (26-34 years). The data suggest that the groundwater in wells in the study area originated up-gradient at distances of 140-230 m. Results of CFC analyses, along with seasonal variations in the δ18O and δD values of groundwater and the relationships between 222Rn concentrations and δ18O values and between 222Rn concentrations and δD values, indicate that groundwater recharge occurs in the summer rainy season and discharge occurs in the winter dry season. Additionally, a linear relationship between dissolved SiO2 concentrations and groundwater ages indicates that natural mineralization is affected by the dilution of groundwater recharge in the rainy summer season.

Application of geophysical and geochemical methods to investigation of AMD environment (AMD 환경평가를 위한 지구물리${\cdot}$지구화학탐사의 적용사례)

  • Kim Jisoo;Han Soohyung;Choi Sanghoon;Lee Pyeongkoo
    • 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2005.05a
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    • pp.267-272
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    • 2005
  • Geophysical surveys were performed in three abandoned mines: Jangpoong, Kwangyang, Imchon. The main objectives of the researches include delineating the pathways of leachate from acid mine drainage(AMD), mapping buried rock wastes and tailings, detecting drainage pipes, and investigating the gallery and membrane, if they exist, Geophysical responses were well correlated with the results from water sample data(i.e., pH, EC, heavy metal contents, $SO_4^{-2}$). Main pathways of the leachate were successfully detected in electrical resistivity sections and self-potential(SP) profiles, whereas waste rocks, drainage pipes, and membranes were effectively located by incorporating seismic refraction, electrical resistivity and GPR methods.

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Geochemical Characteristics of the Mineral Water in Taegu Area. (대구지역에 분포하는 약수의 지구화학적 특성)

  • 김종근;이재영
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.56-65
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    • 1997
  • Chemical analysis, statistical analysis and geochemical study were carried out to investigate the influence of the geology on the chemical characferistics of the mineral water in Taegu area. A simple comparision between the chemical components of the mineral water and their bedrocks indicates that the bedrock types in the catchmerit area control the chemical characteristics of the surface water. However more objective evidences for the mineral water-bedrock relationship come from the statistical analyses(cluster analysis and factor analysis). The results of the statistical analyses suggest that the bedrock type factor explains the data variation seven times as much as pollution does, which evidently indicates that the bedrock in the study area mainly control the mineral water chemistries. The results of comparision of the statistical analyses results with the mineral weathering reactions and mineral stability diagrams can be summarized as follows: 1. Plagioclase weathering to kaolinite provides SiO$_2$ , Ca$^{2+}$ and Na$^+$, and muscovite weathering to kaolinite provides K$^+$, and amphibole and mica minerals weathering to kaolinite provides F to the mineral water. Most of Ca$^{2+}$ and Mg$^{2+}$ in the mineral water are the products of carbonate mineral dissolution. SO$_4^{2-}$ may be the byproduct of sulfide oxidation. 2. The weatering of silicate mineral produces Ca-rich smectite and kaolinite, but Ca-rich smectite is unstable and will be transformed to more stable kaolinite because of the continuous dilution of the mineral water by precipitation. By Hashimoto's Mineral Balance Index, S-10 and S-12 mineral spring water were evaluated tasty and healthy water, S-9 and S-11 mineral spring water were evaluated tasty water and S-7, S-8 and S-13 mineral spring water were evaluated healthy water.

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Geochemical Characteristics of the Cretaceous Jindong Granites in the Southwestern Part of the Gyeongsang Basin, Korea: Focussed on Adakitic Signatures (경상분지 서남부에 분포하는 백악기 진동화강암의 지화학적 특성:아다카이틱(adakitic)한 특성을 중심으로)

  • Wee, Soo-Meen;Choi, Seon-Gyu;Ryu, In-Chang;Shin, Hong-Ja
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.39 no.5 s.180
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    • pp.555-566
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    • 2006
  • Major, trace and rare earth elements data of the Cretaceous Jindong granitic rocks were investigated in order to constrain the magma source characteristics and to establish the paleotectonic environment of the southwestern part of the Gyeongsang Basin. Geochemical signatures of the granitic rocks from the study area indicate that all of the rocks have characteristics of calc-alkaline series in the subalkaline field, and progressively shift from metaluminous to peraluminous with differentiation. In the variation diagrams, the overall geochemical features of the granites show systematic variations in major and trace elements. Chondrite normalized REE patterns show generally enriched LREE((La/Yb)c=4.2-12.8) and slight negative to flat Eu anomalies. Rb-Sr isotope data of the Jindong granites show that the whole rock age and Sr initial ratio are $114.6{\pm}9.1Ma$ and 0.70457, respectively. The Sr initial ratio of the Jindong granites is very similar to those of the Creataceous granites from Masan, Kimhae and Busan area($^{87}Sr/^{86}Sr=0.7049-0.707$). These results suggest that the magma have the mantle signature and intruded into the area during the early Cretaceous age. The Jindong granites have higher $Al_{2}O_{3},\;Na_{2}O$, Sr and lower $K_{2}O$, Y concentrations compared with typical calc-alkaline granitic rocks. These adakitic signatures are similar to those of adakitic pluton on Kyushu Island, southwest Japan arc. On the ANK vs. ACNK and tectonic discrimination diagrams, parental magma type of the granites corresponds to I-type, VAG granite. Interpretations of the geochemical characteristics of the granitic rocks favor their emplacement at continental margin during the subduction of Izanagi plate.

Hydrogeochemical Research on the Characteristic of Chemical Weathering in a Granitic Gatchment (水文化學的 資料를 통한 花崗岩質 流域의 化學的 風化特性에 關한 硏究)

  • Park, Soo-Jin
    • Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.1-15
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    • 1993
  • This research aims to investigate some respects of chemical weathering processes, espcially the amount of solute leaching, formation of clay minerals, and the chemical weathering rate of granite rocks under present climatic conditions. For this purpose, I investigated geochemical mass balance in a small catchment and the mineralogical composition of weathered bedrocks including clay mineral assemblages at four res-pective sites along one slope. The geochemical mass blance for major elements of rock forming minerals was calculated from precipitation and streamwater data which are measured every week for one year. The study area is a climatically and litholo-gically homogeneous small catchment($3.62Km^2$)in Anyang-shi, Kyounggi-do, Korea. The be-drock of this area id Anyang Granite which is composed of coarse-giained, pink-colored miner-als. Main rock forming minerals are quartz, K-Feldspar, albite, and muscovite. One of the chracteristics of this granite rock is that its amount of Ca and Mg is much lower than other granite rock. The leaching pattern in the weathering profiles is in close reltion to the geochemical mass balance. Therefore the removal or accumulation of dissolved materials shows weathering patterns of granite in the Korean peninsula. Oversupplied ions into the drainage basin were $H^+$, $K^+$, Fe, and Mn, whereas $Na^2+$, $Mg^2+$, $Ca^2+$, Si, Al and $HCO-3^{-}$ were removed from the basin by the stream. The consumption of hydrogen ion in the catchment implies the hydrolysis of minerals. The surplus of $K^+$ reflects that vegetation is in the aggravation stage, and the nutrient cycle of the forest in study area did not reach a stable state. And it can be also presumed that the accumulation of $K^+$ in the top soil is related to the surplus of $K^+$. Oversupplied Fe and Mn were presumed to accumulate in soil by forming metallic oxide and hydroxide. In the opposite, the removal of $Na^+$, Si, Al resulted from the chemical weathering of albite and biotite, and the amount of removal of $Na^+$, Si, Al reflected the weathering rate of the bedrock. But $Ca^2+$ and $Mg^2+$ in stream water were contaminated by the scattered calcareous structures over the surface. Kaolinite is a stable clay mineral under the present environment by the thermodynamical analysis of the hydrogeochemical data and Tardy's Re value. But this result was quite different from the real assemblage of clay miner-als in soil and weathered bedrock. This differ-ence can be explained by the microenvironment in the weathering profile and the seasonal variation of climatic factors. There are different clay forming environments in the stydy area and these differences originate from the seasonal variation of climate, especially the flushing rate in the weathering profile. As it can be known from the results of the analysis of thermodynamic stability and characteristics of geochemical mas balance, the climate during winter and fall, when it is characterized by the low flushing rate and high solute influx, shows the environmental characteristics to from 2:1 clay minerals, such as illite, smectite, vermiculite and mixed layer clay minerals which are formed by neoformation or transformation from the primary or secondary minerals. During the summer and spring periods, kaoli-nite is a stable forming mineral. However it should consider that the other clay minerals can transformed into kaolinite or other clay minerals, because these periods have a high flushing rte and temperature. Materials which are directly regulated by chemical weathering in the weathered bedrock are $Na^+$, Si, and Al. The leaching of Al is, however, highly restricted and used to form a clay mineral, and that of Si falls under the same category. $Na^+$ is not taked up by growing veget ation, and fixed in the weathering profile by forming secondary minerals. Therefore the budget of $Na^+$ is a good indicator for the chemical weathering rate in the study area. The amount of chemical weathering of granite rocks was about 31.31g/$m^2+$/year based on $Na^+$ estimation.

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An integrated studies for salt-water intrusion in Yeonggwang-gun, Korea

  • Hwang Seho;Chi Sejung;Lee Won-suk;Shin Jehyun;Park Inhwa;Huh Dae-Gee;Lee Sang-kyu
    • 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2003.11a
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    • pp.455-458
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    • 2003
  • A combination of drilling, hydrogeochemical survey, geophysical survey and the numerical modelling for the flow and transport of groundwater was performed to evaluate the seawater intrusion in Baeksu-eup, Yeonggwang-gun, Korea. The survey area extends to over 24 $km^2$. Twelve wells were also drilled for the collection of geologic, geochemical, hydrologic, and geophysical logging data to delineate the degree and vertical extent of seawater intrusion. To evaluate and map the salinity in a coastal aquifer, geophysical data and hydrogeochemical results were used. Layer parameters derived from VES data, various in situ physical properties from geophysical well loggings, and the estimated equivalent NaCl concentration were used as the useful input parameters for the numerical simulation with density-dependent flow. Our multidisciplinary approach for evaluating the seawater intrusion can be considered as a valuable attempt to enhancing the utilization of various data and the reliability of numerical ground modelling.

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Assessment of seawater intrusion using geophysical well logging and electrical soundings in a coastal aquifer, Youngkwang-gun, Korea

  • Hwang Seho;Shin Jehyun;Park Inhwa;Lee Sangkyu
    • Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.99-104
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    • 2004
  • A combination of drilling, geophysical well logging, and electrical soundings was performed to evaluate seawater intrusion in Baeksu-eup, Youngkwang-gun, Korea. The survey area extends for over 24 $km^2$. To delineate the extent of seawater intrusion, 60 vertical electrical soundings (VES) have been carried out. Twelve wells were also drilled for the collection of hydrogeological, geochemical, and geophysical well logging data, to delineate the degree and vertical extent of seawater intrusion. To map the spatial distribution of seawater in this coastal aquifer, geophysical data and hydrogeochemical results were used, and the relation between the resistivity of groundwater and equivalent NaCl concentration was found. Layer parameters derived from VES data, various in-situ physical properties from geophysical well logging, and the estimated equivalent NaCl concentration were very useful for quantitative evaluation of seawater intrusion. Our approach for evaluating seawater intrusion can be considered a valuable attempt at enhancing the use of geophysical data.

Geochemical Study on the Alluvial Aquifer System of the Nakdong River for the Estimation of River Bank Filtration (강변여과수 개발을 위한 낙동강 충적층 지하수의 지구화학적 특성연구)

  • 김건영;고용권;김천수;김형수;김성이
    • The Journal of Engineering Geology
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.83-105
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    • 2003
  • Geochemical studies on the alluvial aquifer system near the Nakdong River were carried out for the basic investigation of the estimation of artificial recharge for the river bank filtration. In-situ data do not show any distinct difference between the pumping well and river. Most of waters belong to $_3$ and Ca-$SO_4$ types and show high Mn concentration. In the borehole installed with Multi-Ca-HCOPacker (MP) system, Na, Ca, Mg, $HCO_3$ contents of the groundwater are increased with depth increasing. Cl and $SO_4$ contents of the groundwater show the lowest values at the bottom level (18m depth) and Mn content is very high at the middle level (13.5 m depth) of MP system. There is no distinct difference in the ${\delta}^{18}O$ and D values and tritium content between MP, borehole and surface water samples. The sulfur isotope data indicate that the possible sulfur source is dissolution of sulfate mineral from sedimentary rock. Strontium isotope ratio shows a little differences between the pumping well and observation borehole samples. Nitrogen isotope data indicate that the nitrogen of water samples is originated from fertilizer or organic materials.

A Study to Calculate Inlet Fluid Temperature of the Borehole Heat Exchanger (BHE) using Modified TOUGHREACT (Modified TOUGHREACT를 이용한 지중 열교환기 내 순환 유체의 온도 분포 추정)

  • Kim, Seong-Kyun;Bae, Gwang-Ok;Lee, Kang-Kun;Shim, Byoung-Ohan;Song, Yoon-Ho
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2007.11a
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    • pp.477-480
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    • 2007
  • Inlet fluid temperature of the BRE in the geothermal heat pump system depends on heat exchange rate between the refrigerant of the heat pump and the leaving fluid from the BRE. Because the outlet fluid temperature of the BHE varies with time, inlet fluid temperature has to vary with time. In this study, the module to calculate inlet fluid temperature is developed, which can consider the time-varying outlet fluid temperature and the heat exchange capacity of the heat pump. It is assumed that heat loss or gain of the leaving fluid from outlet to inlet of the BHE is negligible, except when the fluid contacts with the refrigerant of the heat pump. This module is combined with TOUGHREACT, a widely accepted three-dimensional numerical simulator for heat and water flow and geochemical reactions in geothermal systems and is applied to data analyses of the thermal response test.

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Geochemical speciation of dissolved heavy metals in acid mine drainage: effects of pH and total concentration

  • Jung, Hun-Bok;Yun, Seong-Taek;Kwon, Jang-Soon;So, Chil-Sup;Lee, Pyeong-Koo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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    • 2003.09a
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    • pp.404-408
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    • 2003
  • In this study, we examined the influences of pH and total concentration on the speciation of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Zn) in acid mine drainage. Their labile concentrations were analyzed by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV) at both natural pH and adjusted pHs (from 2 to 8). We obtained regression equations for predicting labile concentrations as a function of the water pH and contamination level (total dissolved metal concentration). Our data show that labile Cu depends on both the total concentration and pH, while labile Cd and Zn concentrations are controlled mainly by their total concentration rather than pH. Therefore, the pH variation of AMD may significantly change the toxicity and bioavailability especially of Cu, owing to its speciation change.

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