• 제목/요약/키워드: Genome Editing

검색결과 125건 처리시간 0.026초

A qPCR Method to Assay Endonuclease Activity of Cas9-sgRNA Ribonucleoprotein Complexes

  • Minh Tri Nguyen;Seul-Ah Kim;Ya-Yun Cheng;Sung Hoon Hong;Yong-Su Jin;Nam Soo Han
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제33권9호
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    • pp.1228-1237
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    • 2023
  • The CRISPR-Cas system has emerged as the most efficient genome editing technique for a wide range of cells. Delivery of the Cas9-sgRNA ribonucleoprotein complex (Cas9 RNP) has gained popularity. The objective of this study was to develop a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based assay to quantify the double-strand break reaction mediated by Cas9 RNP. To accomplish this, the dextransucrase gene (dsr) from Leuconostoc citreum was selected as the target DNA. The Cas9 protein was produced using recombinant Escherichia coli BL21, and two sgRNAs were synthesized through in vitro transcription to facilitate binding with the dsr gene. Under optimized in vitro conditions, the 2.6 kb dsr DNA was specifically cleaved into 1.1 and 1.5 kb fragments by both Cas9-sgRNA365 and Cas9-sgRNA433. By monitoring changes in dsr concentration using qPCR, the endonuclease activities of the two Cas9 RNPs were measured, and their efficiencies were compared. Specifically, the specific activities of dsr365RNP and dsr433RNP were 28.74 and 34.48 (unit/㎍ RNP), respectively. The versatility of this method was also verified using different target genes, uracil phosphoribosyl transferase (upp) gene, of Bifidobacterium bifidum and specific sgRNAs. The assay method was also utilized to determine the impact of high electrical field on Cas9 RNP activity during an efficient electroporation process. Overall, the results demonstrated that the qPCR-based method is an effective tool for measuring the endonuclease activity of Cas9 RNP.

Cadmium chloride down-regulates the expression of Rad51 in HC11 cells and reduces knock-in efficiency

  • Ga-Yeon Kim;Man-Jong Kang
    • 한국동물생명공학회지
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    • 제38권3호
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    • pp.99-108
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    • 2023
  • Background: Efficient gene editing technology is needed for successful knock-in. Homologous recombination (HR) is a major double-strand break repair pathway that can be utilized for accurately inserting foreign genes into the genome. HR occurs during the S/G2 phase, and the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway is inextricably linked to HR to maintain HR fidelity. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of inhibiting MMR-related genes using CdCl2, an MMR-related gene inhibitor, on HR efficiency in HC11 cells. Methods: The mRNA and protein expression levels of MMR-related genes (Msh2, Msh3, Msh6, Mlh1, Pms2), the HR-related gene Rad51, and the NHEJ-related gene DNA Ligase IV were assessed in HC11 cells treated with 10 μM of CdCl2 for 48 hours. In addition, HC11 cells were transfected with a CRISPR/sgRNA expression vector and a knock-in vector targeting Exon3 of the mouse-beta casein locus, and treated with 10 μM cadmium for 48 hours. The knock-in efficiency was monitored through PCR. Results: The treatment of HC11 cells with a high-dose of CdCl2 decreased the mRNA expression of the HR-related gene Rad51 in HC11 cells. In addition, the inhibition of MMR-related genes through CdCl2 treatment did not lead to an increase in knock-in efficiency. Conclusions: The inhibition of MMR-related gene expression through high-dose CdCl2 treatment reduces the expression of the HR-related gene Rad51, which is active during recombination. Therefore, it was determined that CdCl2 is an inappropriate compound for improving HR efficiency.

Chicken FMRP Translational Regulator 1 (FMR1) Promotes Early Avian Influenza Virus Transcription without Affecting Viral Progeny Production in DF1 Cells

  • Woo, Seung Je;Park, Young Hyun;Han, Jae Yong
    • 한국가금학회지
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    • 제48권2호
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    • pp.81-90
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    • 2021
  • 조류 인플루엔자 바이러스는 다양한 숙주 단백질을 이용해야만 증식이 가능하다. 포유류 (사람, 쥐) Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP)는 최근 인플루엔자 A 바이러스 viral RNP (vRNP)의 조립을 돕고, 이를 핵에서 세포질로 운반시켜 바이러스 증식에 도움을 준다. 하지만, 조류 인플루엔자 바이러스의 주요 숙주인 닭에서는 FMRP translational regulator 1 (FMR1) 유전자의 기능이 규명되지 않았다. 본 연구는 CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9) 유전자 가위를 이용해 정확히 닭 FMR1 유전자를 제거하여 닭 FMR1 유전자가 조류 인플루엔자 바이러스 증식에 어떤 영향을 끼치는지 연구하였다. 닭 FMR1 유전자는 닭 배아섬유아세포 (DF1세포)에서 초기 조류 인플루엔자 바이러스의 유전자 발현을 촉진하나, 감염 후 24시간 뒤에는 바이러스 생산 및 바이러스 중합효소 (Polymerase)의 활성에 영향을 끼치지 않았다. 또한, 야생형 닭 FMR1 유전자를 과발현 함에도 불구하고, 조류 인플루엔자 바이러스의 생산량에는 변화가 없었다. 위 결과들은 닭 FMR1은 포유류 FMR1 유전자에 비해 조류 인플루엔자 바이러스의 증식에 큰 영향을 주지 못하는 숙주인자임을 시사한다. 또한, 닭 FMR1처럼 기존에 포유류에서 알려진 숙주 인자를 목표로 하는 조류 인플루엔자 바이러스 저항성 치료제 및 형질전환 동물을 생산할 때, 조류 시스템에서 위 숙주 인자의 기능이 보존돼 있는지 고찰할 필요가 있다고 사료된다.

SF3B4 Depletion Retards the Growth of A549 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells via UBE4B-Mediated Regulation of p53/p21 and p27 Expression

  • Kim, Hyungmin;Lee, Jeehan;Jung, Soon-Young;Yun, Hye Hyeon;Ko, Jeong-Heon;Lee, Jeong-Hwa
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제45권10호
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    • pp.718-728
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    • 2022
  • Splicing factor B subunit 4 (SF3B4), a component of the U2-pre-mRNA spliceosomal complex, contributes to tumorigenesis in several types of tumors. However, the oncogenic potential of SF3B4 in lung cancer has not yet been determined. The in vivo expression profiles of SF3B4 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from publicly available data revealed a significant increase in SF3B4 expression in tumor tissues compared to that in normal tissues. The impact of SF3B4 deletion on the growth of NSCLC cells was determined using a siRNA strategy in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. SF3B4 silencing resulted in marked retardation of the A549 cell proliferation, accompanied by the accumulation of cells at the G0/G1 phase and increased expression of p27, p21, and p53. Double knockdown of SF3B4 and p53 resulted in the restoration of p21 expression and partial recovery of cell proliferation, indicating that the p53/p21 axis is involved, at least in part, in the SF3B4-mediated regulation of A549 cell proliferation. We also provided ubiquitination factor E4B (UBE4B) is essential for p53 accumulation after SF3B4 depletion based on followings. First, co-immunoprecipitation showed that SF3B4 interacts with UBE4B. Furthermore, UBE4B levels were decreased by SF3B4 depletion. UBE4B depletion, in turn, reproduced the outcome of SF3B4 depletion, including reduction of polyubiquitinated p53 levels, subsequent induction of p53/p21 and p27, and proliferation retardation. Collectively, our findings indicate the important role of SF3B4 in the regulation of A549 cell proliferation through the UBE4B/p53/p21 axis and p27, implicating the therapeutic strategies for NSCLC targeting SF3B4 and UBE4B.

'다유들깨'품종의 하배축에서 캘러스를 통한 고효율 식물재분화 (Efficient plant regeneration through callus induction from the hypocotyl of Perilla frutescens L var. Dayu)

  • 서여월;손지희;강홍규;선현진;이효연
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • 제50권
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    • pp.248-254
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    • 2023
  • 본 연구는 종유용 들깨 품종인 다유들깨'의 유식물체에서 캘러스 유도를 통한 고효율의 재분화 체계를 구축하기 위해 수행되었고 이미 보고된 바 있는'남천들깨'와 함께 연구를 진행하였다. 캘러스는 잎, 자엽, 하배축 중 0.1 mg/L NAA와 0.5 mg/L BA가 첨가된 배지에서 배양된 다유들깨의 하배축에서 가장 건강한 캘러스가 형성되었다. 암상태와 장일조건에서 각각 캘러스를 유도한 후 신초 재분화를 유도했을 때 모든 조건에서 남천들깨보다 다유들깨가 재분화율이 월등하게 높았다. 또한 0.1 mg/L NAA와 0.5 mg/L BA 배지의 암상태와 장일조건에서 다유들깨 하배축의 신초 재분화율은 각각 86.7%와 84.4%로 두 조건 간 차이는 낮은 것으로 조사되었지만 전체적으로 암조건에 비해 장일조건에서 유도된 캘러스의 재분화 빈도가 높았다. 본 연구에서 다유들깨의 하배축으로부터 고효율의 재분화 조건을 확립하기 위해 다양한 식물생장호르몬 조합실험을 수행한 결과 NAA 없이 0.5 mg/L BA 만 첨가된 배지에서 가장 높은 90%의 재분화율을 보여 주었으며 이 중 정상적인 식물체가 70.5% 와 비정상적인 식물체가 19.3%로 조사되었고 NAA가 첨가되거나 농도가 높아질수록 비정상 식물체의 출현율이 높아졌다. 정상적으로 재분화된 신초는 1/2 MS 배지로 옮긴 후 10~15일 후에 뿌리가 관찰되었고 30일 후에는 완전한 식물체로 성장하였다. 본 연구에서 확립된 다유들깨 하배축을 이용한 재분화체계는 지금까지 보고된 다른 들깨 품종들의 재분화 체계에 비해 재분화 효율이 높았으며 향후 들깨에서 조직배양과 형질전환에 의존하는 유전자편집 등의 분자육종 분야에 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.