• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.259-266
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• 2015

Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer among women worldwide. Cervical cancer is significantly associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The prevalence of HPV infection is influenced by geography, immune status, sexual history and genetic factors. For example, geographically, HPV prevalence varies from 1.5% to 39%. However, little is known about the relationship between HPV prevalence and age. An analysis of HPV prevalence by age will help determine when high-risk groups are exposed to HPV. Such an analysis could also demonstrate a correlation between specific HPV genotypes and age. In addition, the analysis might clarify the optimum age for using vaccines. In this study, HPV prevalence and genotype distribution among Korean and Chinese women are analyzed by age. The REBA HPV-ID$^{(R)}$ assay (YD diagnostics, Yong-in, Republic of Korea) was used for detecting HPV genotypes in uterine cervical liquid-based cytology samples from 533 women from Korea and 324 from East China (Western Shandong province. Women with severe dysplasia such as SCC (Squamous cell carcinoma) and HSIL (High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) groups were primarily in their 40s and 50s, whereas women with mild and moderate dysplasia (ASCUS and LSIL groups) were primarily in their 30s and 40s. Women with HPV genotype 16 and 18 infections were primarily in their 40s. The results suggest that HPV infection is associated with certain age groups in the Korean population.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.169-177
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• 1997

Four experiments were conducted to investigate the association of yolk cholesterol level with egg trails, serum cholesterol level, body weight (BW) and breed differences and other variations. Athens Canadian Randombred (ACRB), a commercial layer breed (CL) and two commercial broiler breeds (BR1 and BR2) were used for this studies. Egg weight of CL was heavier by 8.7g per egg than that of ACRB, but the yolk percentage and yolk cholesterol were lower by 7.8％ per egg and 5.5mg per g yolk than those of ACRB, respectively. Yolk cholesterol content had no significant relation with the average egg weight or yolk weight in ACRB, but was significantly related with yolk fat level. However, yolk cholesterol level in CL showed inverse relationship with other egg traits compared to that of ACRB. In the CL female group, the association of yolk cholesterol level with BW was significant(P$\leq$0.05) at 25 weeks of age, but was not significant different at 26 wks of age. The relationship of yolk cholesterol with serum was not significantly different at 25 weeks of age, whereas it showed significant negative(-) correlation coefficient(P$\leq$0.01) at 26 wks of age. The association of yolk cholesterol level with egg age in CL population was not high comared to that of other treatments. The serum cholesterol content of CL was not significantly different with BR1 and BR2 populations at 25 weeks of age, but was significantly(P$\leq$0.05) higher than that of BR1 or BR2 at 26 weeks old.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.154-161
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• 1998

To investigate whether the introduced genetic marker is useful to detect the survivalship and activity of the natural bacteria under the stressed conditions, one Gram-negative isolate, KP964 was transformed to the luminous phenotype by transferring luxAB gene. Under the starvation-stress this luminous bacterial culturability (determined by colony-forming-units [CFU] on agar plate) decreased rapidly below the detection limit by 37 days, while its total cell number (determined by AODC) remained almost the same as its initial inocular size. At that time period, the viable cell number was estimated to be 1400 times higher than its CFU number. The bioiuminescence (determined by relative light units [RLU]) produced under the same condition was also monitored and found to decrease more rapidly than the culturability by 5-fold. Under the other stresses, e.g., osmotic shocks, acid shock, and exposure to toxic chemicals, this bacterial strain did not show the reliable correlation between CFU and RLU. These results might not suggest the direct estimation of bioiuminescence from the stressed bacteria be an index of both the survivalship and its activity. However, when the stressed bacterial cells were incubated under the favorable condition by relieving from the existing stress, the potential bioiuminescence (the lag periods before the increase of bioiuminescence, the increase rates of bioiuminescence, and the maximal levels of bioiuminescence) was shown to be highly dependent upon the strengths of the stresses exposed to the bacterial cells. Therefore, analysis of the potential bioiuminescence from the stressed bacteria revealed good relationships with survival as well as activity.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.157-165
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• 2006

The change of external/internal factors of the cell rquires specific biological functions to maintain life. Such functions encourage particular genes to jnteract/regulate each other in multiple ways. Accordingly, we applied a linear decomposition model IFSA, which derives hidden variables, called the 'expression mode' that corresponds to the functions. To interpret gene interaction/regulation, we used a cross-correlation method given an expression mode. Linear decomposition models such as principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA) were shown to be useful in analyzing high dimensional DNA microarray data, compared to clustering methods. These methods assume that gene expression is controlled by a linear combination of uncorrelated/indepdendent latent variables. However these methods have some difficulty in grouping similar patterns which are slightly time-delayed or asymmetric since only exactly matched Patterns are considered. In order to overcome this, we employ the (IFSA) method of [1] to locate phase- and shut-invariant features. Membership scoring functions play an important role to classify genes since linear decomposition models basically aim at data reduction not but at grouping data. We address a new function essential to the IFSA method. In this paper we stress that IFSA is useful in grouping functionally-related genes in the presence of time-shift and expression phase variance. Ultimately, we propose a new approach to investigate the multiple interaction information of genes.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.161-169
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• 2009

Purpose : This study was performed to report the diagnosis and treatment of nephrotic syndrome manifesting in the first year of life. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data with chart review in 7 patients who were diagnosed as nephrotic syndrome manifesting in the first year of life from 1996 to 2007. Results : Three patients had congenital nephrotic syndrome, the other 4 patients had infantile nephrotic syndrome. Their ages ranged from birth to 11 months and male to female ratio was 1 to 6. Renal biopsies were done in 6 patients. One patient had Finnish type congenital nephrotic syndrome, 2 patients had diffuse mesangial sclerosis, 2 patients had focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and 1 patient had minimal change disease. Genetic analyses of NPHS2, PLCE1, and WT1 were done in 4 patients and 2 of them had WT1 mutation. Among 3 patients with congenital nephrotic syndrome, 1 patient was diagnosed as congenital nephrotic syndrome of Finnish type and the other 2 patients were diagnosed as Denys-Drash syndrome. All of the patients with congenital nephrotic syndrome died due to sepsis. Among 4 patients with infantile nephrotic syndrome, 2 patients died and 1 had remission, another patient progressed to end stage renal disease. Conclusion : Most of nephrotic syndrome manifesting in the first year was hereditary renal disease. Patients with nephrotic syndrome manifesting in the 3 month of life had poorer prognosis and needed more aggressive management including early dialysis and renal transplantation might be considered compared with infantile nephrotic syndrome. Further genotype-phenotype correlation studies are needed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.8-17
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• 2018

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) refers to seed germination during ripening, due to loss of dormancy before harvest. As PHS in rice causes decrease in grain yield and quality, tolerance to PHS is an important trait of Japonica cultivars in Korea. It is important to investigate the related genes and environmental factors, because PHS is a quantitative trait. In this study, we examined PHS rates at three different times according to the cumulative daily mean temperature after heading (CTAH) for 5 rice cultivars released in Korea for 5 years from 2013 to 2017 to determine the effect of environmental factors on PHS. ABA content in ripening spikelets was analyzed to understand how it was related to PHS tolerance. PHS rate increased as CTAH increased from $800^{\circ}C$ to $1200^{\circ}C$. PHS rate was significantly different (p < 0.001) among the cultivars, showing Dasanbyeo, Jounbyeo, and Nampyeongbyeo to be PHS-tolerant, and Jopyeongbyeo and Gopumbyeo to be susceptible at all the CTAH of 800, 1000, and $1200^{\circ}C$. In 2015 and 2016, PHS rates were relatively higher, because of high temperature and frequent rainfall during the ripening period. In each cultivar, ABA content decreased as CTAH increased from $800^{\circ}C$ to $1200^{\circ}C$. However, there was no significant correlation between ABA content and PHS tolerance among the cultivars.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.399-403
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the basic concept of multiple trait effective daughter contribution (MTEDC) for dairy cattle sires and calculate effective daughter contribution (EDC) by applying a five lactation multiple trait model using milk yield test records of daughters for the Multiple-trait Across Country Evaluation (MACE). Milk yield data and pedigree information of 301,551 cows that were the progeny of 2,046 Korean and imported dairy bulls were collected from the National Agricultural Cooperative Federation and used in this study. For MTEDC approximation, the reliability of the breeding value was separated based on parents average, own yield deviation and mate adjusted progeny contribution. EDC was then calculated by lactation using these reliabilities. The average number of recorded daughters per sire by lactations were 140.57, 94.24, 55.14, 29.20 and 14.06 from the first to fifth lactation, respectively. However, the average EDC per sire by lactation using the five lactation multiple trait model was 113.49, 89.28, 73.56, 54.02 and 35.08 from the first to fifth lactation, respectively, while the decrease of EDC in late lactations was comparably lower than the average number of recorded daughters per sire. These findings indicate that the availability of daughters without late lactation records is increased by genetic correlation using the multiple trait model. Owing to the relatedness between the EDC and reliability of the estimated breeding value for sire, understanding the MTEDC algorithm and continuous monitoring of EDC is required for correct MACE application of the five lactation multiple trait model.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.315-322
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• 2008

Purpose : Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex genetic disorder, caused by the deletion of the paternally derived 15q11-13 region or the maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 15 (mUPD(15)). In this study, we compared phenotypic differences between those patients whose disease was caused by microdeletion and those caused by mUPD(15). In addition, a comparison of the efficacy of growth hormone (GH) therapy between these two PWS genotypes was analyzed. Methods : Fifty-three patients were diagnosed as having PWS based on molecular and cytogenetic analyses and clinical features. Data that included maternal age, birth weight, a feeding problem in the neonatal period, cryptorchidism, developmental delay or mental retardation, short stature, hypopigmentation, changes in height, weight, and body mass indexes (BMI) before and after GH treatment were obtained by a retrospective review of medical records. The data from the patients with microdeletion were compared with those from the patients with mUPD(15). Results : Of the 53 patients with genetically confirmed PWS, 39 cases had microdeletion and 14 mUPD(15). Maternal ages were significantly higher in the mUPD(15) group, and hypopigmentation and a feeding problem in the neonatal period were more frequent in the microdeletion group. Growth hormone was administered to 20 patients [14 with microdeletion, 6 with mUPD(15)]. There were no differences between the two groups in height velocity, weight and height SDS, and BMI after GH therapy. Conclusion : Phenotype and genotype correlations were observed in Korean PWS patients, such as more advanced maternal ages in the mUPD(15) group and more feeding problems and hypopigmentations in the microdeletion group. Further long-term prospective studies are needed to correlate other aspects of the phenotypes.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 2003

Data from live animal real time ultrasound (RTU) measures from 127 Hanwoo steers were used to assess nutritional physiology and relationship between RTU measures and real carcass measures represented meat quality. Traits considered were longissimus muscle area, fat thickness, and marbling score imaged and scanned using RTU by month and those of carcass measures at about 24 month of age. On this study, increasing pattern for longissimus muscle area would be closely related to growth pattern (p<0.01) and it of fat thickness would be related to quadratic effect of ages. Marbling score would be related to aging, that is, individual deviates of scores were distinctly characterized after 17 mo. even though they were started at about 11 mo. Correlation estimates between RTU measures and corresponding carcass traits were over 0.6 after 17 month of age for all traits considered and these estimates were high as 0.90 after 22 month of age. From this study, Real-time ultrasound measurement would be valuable after 15-17 mo. and measures at about 22 mo. would be helpful to decide age for slaughtering. To utilize these techniques for beef cattle breeding via progeny testing program, 15 mo. RTU measures would be efficiency rather than 12 mo. of other beef breeds. Further study to find genetic variation of RTU measures was needed to utilize these technologies for beef breeding.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.22 no.1 s.38
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• pp.60-70
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• 1986

Distributions of serum dopamine-${\beta}$-hydroxylase(DBH) activity and thermostability in a randomly selected population of Korean adults were studied to investigate the genetic factor which could exert an influence on the serum DBH activity and thermostability. The results were followings: 1. The mean serum DBH activity in a randomly selected population of adults was $18.3{\pm}4.5$ umol/min/l($mean{\pm}SD;n=327$) which showed no age or sex variation. 2. The frequency distribution showed no isolated subgroup with very low serum DBH activity. 3. When the ratio of enzyme activity after heating $55^{\circ}C$ for 20 minutes to that before heating (heated-to-control or H/C ratio). was used as a measure of thermostability, the mean serum DBH H/C ratio in a randomly selecfld population, of adults was $0.90{\pm}0.17(mean{\pm}SD; n=327)$ which showed no age or sex variation. 4. Serum DBH H/C ratio showed unimodal, homogeneous distribution. 5. There was significant negative correlation between serum DBH activity and H/C ratio(r=-0.39. p<0.01). 6. Subjects with H/C ratio less than 0.1 had significantly higher basal enzyme activity $(22.2{\pm}4.5)$ $(mean{\pm}SD;n=33)$ umo1/min/1 than those with H/C ratio more than 1.09 $(15.5{\pm}3.3)$ $(mean{\pm}SD;n=32)$ umo1/min/1. This study shows that the distribution patterns of serum DBH activity and thermostability of Korean population are considerably different from those of Caucasian and it might be a line of evidence for the different inheritance pattern of plasma DBH enzyme between these racial groups.