• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.197-207
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• 2004

Identification of animals has been used with an e ar tag with dummy code and blood typing has been used for paternity and individual identification in live animals. Various genetic markers are different for breeds of pig and hence, it is necessary to identity the discrete genetic marker in korean native pig. A total of 240 pigs were used to find korean native pig population specific markers that expressed in population of korean native pigs. To identify the individual traceability, 20 animals were randomly chosen and tested for a whole process from being live to slaughter stages. The candidate genetic marker used in the study were 18 DNA microsatellites which were identified in pig genome. The number of alleles of those DNA microsatellites ranged form a minimum of 3 to maximum of 6. The heterozygote frequency rang6d from 0.44 to 0.69. Effective number of alleles for each DNA microsatellotes were 2 to 4. By choosing 6 candidate genetic markers among all, the traceability of individual identification was estimated as accurate as 99.99%(p>0.0014), nearly.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1041-1051
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• 2006

The effectiveness of genetic markers on Hanwoo traceability systems was applied and evaluated from Korean 33 Hanwoo elite sire families. Five microsatellite markers were selected finally, which were located on chromosomes different chromosomes with the end sequencing of 100 HW-YUBAC that were recorded in the NCBI by Yeungnam University. Eleven major microsatellite markers were selected from allele amplified, their frequencies, H(Heterozygosity) and PIC(Polymorphism information content) with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Next, in order to evaluate the power of the markers selected on the individual animal identification with experimental condition, the match probability(MP) and the relatedness coefficient(R) were computed.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.733-743
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• 2006

To apply and evaluate the effectiveness of genetic markers on Hanwoo traceability systems, samples of 33 Hanwoo individuals from Korean elite sire families were used, and five microsatellite markers were selected finally, which were located on chromosomes different chromosomes with the end sequencing of 100 HW-YUBAC that were recorded in the NCBI by Yeungnam University. Ten major microsatellite markers were selected from alleles amplified, their frequencies, H(Heterozygosity) and PIC(Polymorphism information content) with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Next, in order to evaluate the power of the markers selected on the individual animal identification, the match probability(MP) and the relatedness coefficient(R) were computed.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

This study was conducted to develop a traceability system for systematic animal identifi- cation to increase efficiency of animal production, post production and processing to ensure that quality and sanitary meat products reach the consumers of the entire country. The new animal identification traceability system was designed for easy management, data collection and storage considering bar code, registration number and farm number.Specifically the system aimed 1) To provide standard radio frequency technology identification (RF-ID) for livestock management, standard of ear tag, microchip and ear tag identification equipment, 2) To guarantee meat product label thereby safeguarding the consumers 3) To give incentives to farmers for producing quality meat products and 4) To provide unified system for national livestock management.Results of the research which started in July 2003 which was used by several farmers’ cooperatives and Department Store revealed the feasibility of using the RF-ID system although much will be done to conform to global nomenclatures.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2004

Identification of animals has been made with an ear tag with dummy code, and blood typing has been used for paternity and individual identification in live animals. As various genetic markers are for different cattle breeds vary, the discrete genetic markers are necessary to identify Hanwoo. A total of 740 progeny testing Hanwoo were used to identify Hanwoo specific markers. To examine traceability of individuals by using breed specific genetic codes, four animal were randomly sampled, and traced from live animals to post-slaughter processing stages. The candidate genetic makers used in the study were 16 DNA microsatellites which were identified in romosomes 1 and 14. The number of alleles of those DNA microsatellites ranged from a minimum of 3 to maximum of 12. The heterozygote frequency ranged from 0.022 to 0.824. Effective number of alleles for each DNA microsatellites were 3 to 6. Six selected candidate genetic markers were able ti trace individual cattle with an 100% confidence level.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.451-461
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• 2004

In an animals, identification system has been widely used by ear tag with dummy code and blood typing for parernity. Also, genotyping methods were using for useful mean of individual identification for live animals. In the case of genotyping estimation of gene in population of korean native chicken. In this study, we tested for development of genetic markers used it possible to determination of individual identification system. The candidate genetic markers were used already bow 10 of microstalite DNA sequence information in chromosome No. 1 and 14. Result of analysis for genotyping, the number of alleles of those microstatelites DNA was shown minimal 3 to 12 and the heterozygote expression frequency range was shown from 0.617 to 0.862. In our result, effective number of allele for each microsatellites DNA was shown 3~7, and the accuracy of individual identification was shown nearly 100%, when used with 6 genetic marker. This study was about genotyping method for identification used specific genetic marker form microsatellite DNA in the brand marketing of korean native chicken. Our results suggest that genotyping method used specific genetic marker from microsatellite DNA might be very useful for determination of individual identification.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.926-931
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• 2014

Pork from Jeju black pig (population J) and Berkshire (population B) has a unique market share in Korea because of their high meat quality. Due to the high demand of this pork, traceability of the pork to its origin is becoming an important part of the consumer demand. To examine the feasibility of such a system, we aim to provide basic genetic information of the two black pig populations and assess the possibility of genetically distinguishing between the two breeds. Muscle samples were collected from slaughter houses in Jeju Island and Namwon, Chonbuk province, Korea, for populations J and B, respectively. In total 800 Jeju black pigs and 351 Berkshires were genotyped at thirteen microsatellite (MS) markers. Analyses on the genetic diversity of the two populations were carried out in the programs MS toolkit and FSTAT. The population structure of the two breeds was determined by a Bayesian clustering method implemented in structure and by a phylogenetic analysis in Phylip. Population J exhibited higher mean number of alleles, expected heterozygosity and observed heterozygosity value, and polymorphism information content, compared to population B. The $F_{IS}$ values of population J and population B were 0.03 and -0.005, respectively, indicating that little or no inbreeding has occurred. In addition, genetic structure analysis revealed the possibility of gene flow from population B to population J. The expected probability of identify value of the 13 MS markers was $9.87{\times}10^{-14}$ in population J, $3.17{\times}10^{-9}$ in population B, and $1.03{\times}10^{-12}$ in the two populations. The results of this study are useful in distinguishing between the two black pig breeds and can be used as a foundation for further development of DNA markers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.116-123
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• 2008

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and many countries make an effort to conserve and utilization of animal genetic resources to prepare for our unpredictable future. In order to protect the customer and the producer from the animal diseases and unjust distribution, many country seek to appropriate solution. Among the solutions, RFID technology can be used as a basic technology, since this technology can be applied in the conservancy and utilization of animal genetic resources, object management for improved animal and traceability of animal's distribution flow. There are two main issues in making the efficient RFID environment. The first issue is the standardization of code system for object identification. International Organization for Standard (ISO) published the standard which regulates RFID of animal (ISO 11784 and ISO 11785). Based on these standards, many countries have tried to establish their national standard. In Korea, National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS) playa main role in establishing the standard of object identification code based on ISO 11784. Even though the standard format of object's identification is well established, the RFID system may not be operated well without the standardization of RFID network and related equipment. In Korea, National Internet Development Agency of Korea (NIDA) has proposed the RFID Network at 2006, which can be applied in the different kind of system at each phase. But, the implementation case of this RFID Network does not reported yet, since many company or agency who introduce RFID technology, implemented as an isolated individual system. In our study, we show that RFID network can be utilized for any kind of system at each phase, and propose the improvement point in order to be widely used.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.316-322
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• 2013

In order to evaluate the genetic diversity and discrimination among five Korean native chicken lines, a total of 86 individuals were genotyped using 150 microsatellite (MS) markers, and 15 highly polymorphic MS markers were selected. Based on the highest value of the number of alleles, the expected heterozygosity (He) and polymorphic information content (PIC) for the selected markers ranged from 6 to 12, 0.466 to 0.852, 0.709 to 0.882 and 0.648 to 0.865, respectively. Using these markers, the calculated genetic distance (Fst), the heterozygote deficit among chicken lines (Fit) and the heterozygote deficit within chicken line (Fis) values ranged from 0.0309 to 0.2473, 0.0013 to 0.4513 and -0.1002 to 0.271, respectively. The expected probability of identity values in random individuals (PI), random half-sib ($PI_{half-sibs}$) and random sibs ($PI_{sibs}$) were estimated at $7.98{\times}10^{-29}$, $2.88{\times}10^{-20}$ and $1.25{\times}10^{-08}$, respectively, indicating that these markers can be used for traceability systems in Korean native chickens. The unrooted phylogenetic neighbor-joining (NJ) tree was constructed using 15 MS markers that clearly differentiated among the five native chicken lines. Also, the structure was estimated by the individual clustering with the K value of 5. The selected 15 MS markers were found to be useful for the conservation, breeding plan, and traceability system in Korean native chickens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1540-1549
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• 2017

Objective: Increasing food safety demands in the animal product market have created a need for a system to trace the food distribution process, from the manufacturer to the retailer, and genetic traceability is an effective method to trace the origin of animal products. In this study, we successfully achieved the farm tracing of 6,018 multi-breed pigs, using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers strictly selected through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) feature selection. Methods: We performed farm tracing of domesticated pig (Sus scrofa) from SNP markers and selected the most relevant features for accurate prediction. Considering multi-breed composition of our data, we performed feature selection using LASSO penalization on 4,002 SNPs that are shared between breeds, which also includes 179 SNPs with small between-breed difference. The 100 highest-scored features were extracted from iterative simulations and then evaluated using machine-leaning based classifiers. Results: We selected 1,341 SNPs from over 45,000 SNPs through iterative LASSO feature selection, to minimize between-breed differences. We subsequently selected 100 highest-scored SNPs from iterative scoring, and observed high statistical measures in classification of breeding farms by cross-validation only using these SNPs. Conclusion: The study represents a successful application of LASSO feature selection on multi-breed pig SNP data to trace the farm information, which provides a valuable method and possibility for further researches on genetic traceability.