• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.113-140
• /
• 2016

한 가지의 용량가격만으로는 발전용량 설비투자에 대한 안정적 보상과 시장 기능 유지라는 두 가지 목표를 동시에 달성하기 힘들다. 본 논문은 이런 한계를 극복할 수 있도록 복수의 용량가격을 도입하여 용량가격의 비중을 높이면서 동시에 시장 기능을 유지할 수 있는 이원적 용량가격 제도를 제안한다. 즉, 현재 가스터빈 발전기를 기준으로 하면서 행정적으로 결정되는 용량가격을 그대로 유지하면서, 동시에 LNG복합발전기를 대상으로 한 제2의 용량가격을 도입한다. 이 용량요금은 더 낮은 에너지 가격 상한의 적용을 받으며, 상이한 전원들 사이의 대체관계를 고려한 수요와 용량공급 상황을 반영하도록 설계함으로써 시장 기능을 유지하게 한다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제61권3호
• /
• pp.89-99
• /
• 2019

The project to utilize kenaf as thermal power plant fuel has a positive effect on the unused energy utilization, greenhouse gas reduction, and farm income. However, it is analyzed that it is difficult to secure economical efficiency because the fuel cost of kenaf is higher than that of power by thermal power plant and Renewable Energy Certification (REC). The project of power generation using kenaf is meet the government's major policies, while government support is essential for securing economical efficiency. As a result of the sensitivity analysis on the ratio of the government subsidies, to secure economical efficiency, the power generation prices using kenaf through the direct financial support of the government indicate that 47% and 76% of kenaf fuel cost are supported by government in case of the Saemangeum reclamation and Gangneung-si, respectively. In the case of the government indirect policy support, if kenaf is included as a renewable energy source of Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard and REC is granted, the economic efficiency of Saemangeum reclamation and Gangneung-si is obtained when REC secured at 1.05 or more and 2.43 or more, respectively. The results of this study are meaningful in that the direct and indirect effects of the government on the development of the herbaceous energy crop, kenaf, were evaluated economically. These results are to suggest the need for demonstration study, but economics analyze and evaluate are necessary based on operational data through the demonstration phase in the future.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 A
• /
• pp.149-151
• /
• 2005

A new approach considering CO2 air pollution constraints in the long-term generation mix is proposed under uncertain circumstances. A characteristic feature of the presented approach in this paper is what effects give the air pollution constraints in long term best generation mix. Best generation mix problem is formulated by linear programming with fuel and construction cost minimization with load growth, reliability (reserve margin rate) and air pollutionconstraints. The proposed method accommodates the operation of pumped-storage generator. It was assumed in this study that the construction planning of the hydro power plants is given separately from the other generation plans. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by applying to the best generation mix problem of KEPCO-system, which contains nuclear, coal, LNG, oil and pumped-storage hydro plant multi-years.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제55권3호
• /
• pp.185-202
• /
• 2018

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells can convert solar energy, the largest potential source of renewable energy, into hydrogen fuel which can be stored, transported, and used on demand. In terms of cost competitiveness compared with fossil fuels, however, both photocatalytic efficiency and cost-effectiveness must be achieved simultaneously. Improvement of cost-effective, scalable, versatile, and eco-friendly fabrication methods has emerged as an urgent mission for PEC cells, and solution-based fabrication methods could be capable of meeting these demands. Herein, we review recent challenges for various nanostructured oxide photoelectrodes fabricated by solution-based processes. Hematite, tungsten oxide, bismuth vanadate, titanium oxide, and copper oxides are the main oxides focused on, and various strategies have been attempted with respect to these photocatalyst materials. The effects of nanostructuring, heterojunctions, and co-catalyst loading on the surface are discussed. Our review introduces notable solution-based processes for water splitting photoelectrodes and gives an outlook on eco-friendly and cost-effective approaches to solar fuel generation and innovative artificial photosynthesis technologies.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.255-263
• /
• 2009

The most concerning issue of these days is the energy crisis caused by increasing threat of dependence on imported oil and volatile market trend. Under these circumstances, the PHEV(plug-in hybrid electric vehicle) is drawing attention for the next generation's car which could give a chance to decrease the dependence on imported oil and reduce the environmental impact of vehicle. The fueling cost of PHEV, one of the core factor of decision about buying car, should be calculated in the circumstances of Korea to make sure that PHEV has competitive power in real market. The fuel cost saving of PHEV versus CV(conventional vehicle) is simulated and discussed in the condition of increasing gasoline cost, electricity rate, and city-gas rate. In conclusion, the PHEV60-FS shows the best economic feasibility when gasoline price goes up. The PHEV20 has the most stable economic feasibility as electricity rate increases. The fuel cell cogeneration system for RPG could be an alternative for charger of PHEV in the near future.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.68-75
• /
• 2013

This paper presents a scheme to improve transient stability using Newton's Approach for generation rescheduling. For a given contingency, the energy margin and sensitivities are computed. The bigger energy margin sensitivity of generator is, the more the generation of the generator effects to the transient stability. According to energy margin sensitivity, the control variables of generation rescheduling are selected. The fuel cost function is used as objective function to reallocate power generation. The results are compared to the results of time simulation to show its the effectiveness.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.9-20
• /
• 2008

Since plutonium accounts for 40-50% of the power produced by uranium fuels, spent fuel contains only residual plutonium. Management of this plutonium is one of the aspects influencing the choice of a fuel cycle back-end option: reprocessing, direct disposal or wait-and-see. Different grades and qualities of plutonium exist depending from their specific generation conditions; all are valuable fissile material. Safeguard authorities watch the inventories of civil plutonium, but access to those data is restricted. Independent evaluations have led to an estimated current inventory of 220t plutonium in total (spent fuel, separated civil plutonium and military plutonium). If used as MOX fuel, it would be sufficient to feed all the PWRs and BWRs worldwide during 7 years or to deploy a FBR park corresponding to 150% of today' s installed nuclear capacity worldwide, which could then be exploited for centuries with the current stockpile of depleted and spent uranium. The energy potential of plutonium deteriorates with storage time of spent fuel and of separated plutonium, due to the decay of $^{241}Pu$, the best fissile isotope, into americium, a neutron absorber. The loss of fissile value of plutonium is more pronounced for usage in LWRs than in FBR. However, keeping the current plutonium inventory for an expected future deployment of FBRs is counterproductive. Recycling plutonium reduce the required volume for final disposal in an underground repository and the cost of final disposal. However, the benefits of utilizing an energy resource and of reducing final disposal liabilities are not the only aspects that determine the choice of a back-end policy.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.101-116
• /
• 1976

고리 1호기 및 2호기 원자로의 발전단가에 대한 해석을 시도했다. 해석의 편의상 발전단가를 우선 건설, 운전 및 관리, 운전자금 및 핵연로 등에 관련된 비용성분으로 나누고, 이 중 첫 세성분에 대한 cost는 POWERCO-50 계산코오드를, 그리고 핵연료 비는 MITCOST-II를 써서 계산했다. 중요한 계산결과로서는 다른 세가지 핵연료 주기에 대한 고리 2획의 핵연료 주기비, 고리 1호 및 2호기의 발전단가 및 발전단가계산에 사용된 코스트 자료의 변화에 따른 발전단가의 민감도 등이다. 제래식 화력발전단가와 비교함으로써 원자력발전이 보다 경제적으로 유리하다는 사실을 알아내었지만 고리 2 호기의 건설비가 다른 PWR 발전에 비해 다소 고가임을 지적했다. 때문에 원자력발전을 유리하게 하기 위해서는 장차 도입될 원자력발전로의 경우 고리 2호기와 같은 turnkey 계약이 지양되어야 함을 지적했다. 또한 발전단가가 발전소 가동율의 변화에 따라 민감하게 변동한다는 사실로부터 발전소를 최대한 가동시킬 수 있도록 노력이 경주되어야 한다고 결론을 내렸다.

• 멤브레인
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.155-170
• /
• 2012

연료전지는 석유엔진과 비교하여 높은 전류밀도와 효율성, 그리고 친환경적이기 때문에 21세기 들어 대체 발전시스템으로서 각광받아왔다. 연료전지 시스템에서 고분자 전해질 막은 핵심부품으로써 현재 Nafion막이 연료전지시스템에서 사용 중이지만 높은 제조단가와 고온에서 낮은 전도도를 가지는 단점을 가지고 있다. 그러므로 많은 학자들이 낮은 제조단가, 높은 물리적 특성들을 달성하기 위한 연구를 진행하여 왔으며 연료전지의 상용화와 동시에 고성능의 연료전지의 개발을 위하여 많은 방법들이 개발되어 왔다. 그중, 유무기 복합막은 유기물과 무기물의 물성을 균일하게 조합할 수 있으므로 잠재성을 가지고 있는 제조방법이다. 본고에서는 다양한 무기물이 사용되어 제조된 유무기 복합막의 연구동향에 대하여 조사하였다.

• 전력전자학회논문지
• /
• 제8권6호
• /
• pp.551-560
• /
• 2003

본 논문은 5KW급의 SOFC와 저전압 배터리를 복합전원으로 하는 10KW급 독립형 연료전지발전시스템의 전력변환장치의 개발에 관한 것이다. 이를 위한 전격변환장치는 연료전지로부터의 저전압을 상승시키기 위한 고주파 DC-DC 컨버터 및 이를 안정된 교류전원으로 변환하기 위한 DC-AC 인버터 그리고 저전압 배터리를 충$.$방전하기 위한 양방향 DC-DC 컨버터로 구성된다. 미국 에너지부 및 IEEE가 주최한 "2003 International Future Energy Challenge Competition"에서 제시한 90%이상의 효율과 $40/KW 이하의 양산가등의 사양을 목표로 개발된 본 전력변환장치에 대한 토폴로지, 주요 부품의 설계 및 제어방식에 관하여 기술하고 실험결과를 제시한다.험결과를 제시한다.