• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2005

본 연구는 대구광역시 권역 내의 노상식생에 대하여 군락분류를 수행하고, 분류된 식생 유형에 대한 생태적 분포 특성을 규명하였다. 총 50 개의 식물사회학적 식생자료를 이용하여 Z.-M. 학파의 군락분류법이 수행되었으며, 주좌표분석법(PCoA)에 의하여 식물군락의 분포 특성을 분석하였다. 대구지역의 노상식생은 5 개의 식물군락(그령군락, 질경이군락, 왕바랭이군락, 강아지풀군락, 바랭이군락)으로 구분되었으며, 광엽형 노상식생은 질경이군락뿐으로 화본형 노상식생형이 우세한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 노상식생의 서식처는 토양환경조건의 안정성과 수분조건에 의하여 안정-적습, 불안정-적습, 안정-건조, 불안정-건조의 네 가지 분할로부터 각 식생유형과 대응되었다. 노상식생에서 가장 높은 상대기여도를 나타내는 출현종은 바랭이, 왕바랭이, 그령, 질경이, 돌피, 토끼풀, 마디풀, 강아지풀, 금강아지풀, 쑥 순으로 나타났다. 특히 몬순 이후에 화기(花期)를 가지는 바랭이, 왕바랭이, 그령 등이 상대기여도 50% 이상의 수준을 보이는 사실이 특기되었다. 대구 노상식생의 특성은 대구생물기후구와 한반도의 $C_4$식물계절(후몬순계절), 그리고 일본 및 동아시아의 노상식생 최상급단위로 제창된 질경이군목과의 식생학적 차별성 등으로 정의되었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.302-308
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• 2006

Objectives: This study aims to examine if a garbage dumping site has real and negative influence on the quality of life (QOL) for the nearby residents. The net effects of the residential distance from the garbage dumping site and from the garbage truck route were investigated for five domains of the QOL. Methods: Two hundred fifty seven Shin-dong Myeon residents, Chun-cheon Si, participated in a self-administrated survey. The Shin-dong Myeon garbage dumping site began operating in 1996. ANCOV A with generalized linear models and multiple regression analysis were performed. Results: Descriptive analyses show that a residence nearby a garbage dumping site is negatively associated with the physical and environmental domains of the QOL. The residential distance from the garbage truck route does not exert any significant effect on various domains of QOL, except for the environmental domain. On the multivariate analysis, the residents living near the garbage dumping site tended to have a significantly negative QOL in the physical and environmental domains. However, the distance from the garbage truck route did not show a significant nor substantial effect on the QOL. The demographic and socioeconomic control variables are associated with a number of the QOL domains, and their patterns are consistent with the general expectations. Conclusions: The results indicated that a garbage dumping site is considered to be an environmental hazard among the nearby residents according to the lower scores on the physical and environmental domains of the QOL. The findings from this study provide comprehensive understanding on the residents' QOL, and they may help politicians and policy makers make decisions for appropriate interventions.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.691-699
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 트롤그물의 유수저항 특성 및 그 저항을 그물의 구조, 규격 등으로 정도 높게 표현해내는 방법을 얻어내는 것을 목약으로 하여, 벽 면적이 $S(m^2)$되는 트롤그물이 유속 $\nu\;(m/sec)$에서 받는 유수저항 R(kg)을 $R=kSv^2$으로 표시하고, 지금까지 행해진 저항실험 결과들을 수집하여 윗 식의 형태로 정리하였으며, 저항계수 $k(kg{\cdot}sec^2/m^4)$를 전보 에서 구한 저항식에 의해 해석하였다. 그 결과, k는 그물 입구의 단면 을 $S_m\;(m^2)$, 흐름에 수직인 평면에 대한 그물의 총 투영면적을 $S_n\;(m^2)$, 그물감의 대표치수를 $\lambda$($={\pi}d^2/2lsin2\varphi;\;d$ : 그물실의 지름, 2l : 그물코의 크기, $2\varphi$ 그물코의 전개각)라 할때, 저층 트롤과 중층 트롤에서 각각 $$k=4.5(\frac{S_n}{S_m})^{1.2}v^{-0.2}$$ in case of bottom trawl nets and as $$k=5.1\lambda^{-0.1}(\frac{S_n}{S_m})^{1.2}v^{-0.2}$$ 및 $$k=5.1\lambda^{-0.1}(\frac{S_n}{S_m})^{1.2}v^{-0.2}$$ 으로 표시할 수 있었고, 이들에서 $S_n/S_m$의 값은 각각의 그물과 벽 면적이 같은 원추형 자루그물로부터 구해도 된다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 설계 방식이 일반화 되어 있는 그물들의 경우는 유수저항 R(kg)을 저층 트롤과 중층 트롤에서 각각 $$R=1.5\;S\;v^{1.8}$$ 및 $$R=0.7\;S\;v^{1.8}$$으로 표시해도 좋다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.337-365
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• 1994

Rubella is a viral disease with mild constitutional symptoms and generalized rashes. In childhood, it is an inconsequential illness, but when it occurs during early pregnant period, there are significant risks of heart defects, cataract, mental retardation to the fetus. The series of congenital defects induced by rubella is called 'congenital rubella syndrome'. Many research have been performed to find out more effective prevention program on rubella. The objectives of this study are, first, to calculate the incidence rate of acute rubella infection and congenital rubella syndrome in Korea, second, to evaluate economic efficiency of several rubella vaccination policies and to offer data for the most reasonable decision on vaccination policy. Study populations are 663,312 children of one year-old in 1992. The author has performed cost-benefit analyses according to the three vaccination policies-U.S.A.'s. U.K.'s and Sweden's. In this Study, the author got the incidence rate of acute rubella infection using the catalytic model. In the meantime, the author used 50 per 100,000 live births as the incidence rate of congenital rubella syndrome. The discount rate used in this study was 5 percent per annum. The sensitivity analyses were done with different discount rates (4%, 7%) and different incidence rate of congenital rubella syndrome (10,100 per 100,000 live births) : The study results are as follows: 1. Without vaccination, lifetime expenditures per patient for acute rubella infeciton amount to 14,822 won and the total expenditures to about 3.1 billion won. Meanwhile, lifetime expenditures per patient for congenital rubella syndrome amount to about 91 million won and the total expenditures to about 16.3 billion won without vaccination. 2. The cost of vaccination for a child of one year old was 2,322 won and the total cost for the one year old children was about 1.5 billion won (American style). The cost for vaccination of female children at fifteen was about 339 million won (Birtish style). And the cost of vaccination at one for both sex and female children at fifteen was about 1.9 billion won (Swedish style). 3. The benefit to cost ratios of vaccination of female children at fifteen that is the british mode of rubella vaccination, was 60.0 at the level of 80% population coverage and 48.6 at 100% coverage. It shows much higher benefit to cost ratio than those of the other two vaccination policies. 4. Both net benefits of vaccination at one (American style) and that of vaccinations at one and fifteen (Swedish style) range from about 17.0 billion to 17.8 billion won, those were larger than that of vaccinations of female children at fifteen (Birtish style, about 16.0 billion). 5. In marginal cost-benefit analysis of only additional program of revaccination, the benefit to cost ratios were 3.6 (80% coverage rate) or 0.6 (100% coverage rate). It implies that additional program was less efficient or inefficient. 6. In sensitivity analysis with different discount rates(4% or 7%) and different incidence rates of congenital rubella syndrome (10 or 100 per 100,000 live births), the benefit to cost ratios has fluctuated in wide range. However, all the ratios of vaccination of female children at fifteen were higher than those of the others. Even under the most conservative assumption, the benefit to cost ratios of all the rubella vaccination policies were higher than 3.3. In conclusion, all the rubella vaccination policies found to be cost-effective and particularly the vaccination of female children at fifteen was strongly recommended.